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NEW CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BUILDING 
SMITHFIELD STREET AND SEVENTH AVENUE 



Pittsburgfk 
Promotes 
Progress 



Pittsburgh 

How to See It 




A Complete, Reliable Guide Book 

with Illustrations, the Latest 

Map and Complete Index 



Arranged and edited by 
George T. Fleming 



Published by William G. Johnston Company 

Copyrighted 1916 by Harry P. Pears 



4 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

chapter TABLE OF CONTENTS 

The Pittsburgher's Creed, 5 

Pittsburgh the Powerful. — Historical Mention — City 
Government, -- 11 

1 Arrival in Pittsburgh. — From Railroad Stations to Hotels 

and from one Station to Another, 19 

2 In and About the City. — Topography, Local Names, 
Streets, Boulevards, Schenley Farms, Suburbs, The 
Greater Pittsburgh, 42 

3 Special Transportation Facilities. — Inclines, Ferries and 
Bridges, ------ 69 

4 Hotels and Restaurants — Wm. Penn, Fort Pitt, Seventh 
Avenue, etc., ---------- 85 

5 Public Buildings. — New City and County, Court House, 
Memorial Hall, 92 

6 The Carnegie Foundations. — The Museum and Institute, 
Libraries, Institute of Technology, ----- 100 

7 Amusements.— Amusement Parks, Baseball, Theatres, 
Winter Sports, 114 

8 Churches. — Churches Downtown, Notable Church 
Structures, 123 

9 Department Stores. — Home's, Boggs & Buhl's, Kauf- 
mann's, Rosenbaum's, Kaufmann & Baer Co., etc., - 132 

10 Educational. — Universities, Colleges, Theological Semi- 
naries, Academies, Public and Parochial Schools, - - 140 

11 Hospitals. — Mercy, Passavant, Homeopathic, West 
Penn, Allegheny General, etc., ------ 154 

12 Newspapers. — Style, History, Location, etc., - - - 169 

13 Public Parks. — Schenley, Highland, River view, West 

Park, Smaller Parks; Recreation Parks and Playgrounds, 176 

14 Special Objects of Interest. — Sightseeing Trips in and 

about Pittsburgh, 187 

15 Motors and Motoring. — Automobile Accessories, Parks 
and Parking, Traffic Regulations, Two Factories, Roads 

and Road Tours, 198 

16 Rivers and River Improvements. — Canalization of the 

Ohio, Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Canal. - 207 

17 East and West Pittsburgh, Industrial Towns.— The 
Westinghouse Industries, The Garland Interests, etc., - 210 

18 Commercial Organizations. — Chamber of Commerce, 
Pittsburgh Rotary Club, Pittsburgh Association Credit 

Men, etc., ------- a. -/**"*- 215 

19 General Information, o/~a"Q~ : 220 



MAY -9 1916 H®' 
ICI.A427993 . 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 
THE PITTSBURGHER'S CREED 



I believe in Pittsburgh the powerful — the 
progressive. I believe in tbe past of Pittsburgh 
and in tbe future founded on tbe heritage of that 
past ; of clean living, frugal, industrious men and 
women of poise, power, purity, genius and cour- 
age. I believe that her dominant spirit is, has 
been, and always will be for uplift and better- 
ment. I believe that my neighbor stands for 
the same faith in Pittsburgh, altho his expression 
may vary from mine. I believe in Pittsburgh of 
the present, and her people — possessing the vir- 
tues of all nations — fused thru the melting pot to 
a greater potency for good. I believe in taking 
pride in our city, its institutions, its people, its 
habits. 

I believe in the great plans born of initiative, 
foresight, and civic patriotism in the minds of the 
great men of to-day ; here — now, I believe that 
the Pittsburgers who truly represent her are 
those of God fearing lives, scorning ostentation 
and the seats of the ungodly: building surely, 
quietly and permanently. 

I believe that those who know Pittsburgh 
love her, "her rocks and rills, and templed hills. 
I believe that Pittsburgh's mighty forces ar 
reproduced in a mighty people, stanch like th 
hills, — true like steel. 



are 

e 



JAMES G. CONNELL, Jr. 

. James G. Connell, Jr. was a native of Allegheny County, and 
tor sixteen years identified with the printing paper trade in Pittsburgh. 
He died October 9, 1914, aged 32 years. He was a man of fine char- 
acter and engaging personality. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 




Pittsburgh, How To See It 



KEY TO MAP 



1 — Pennsylvania Station 

2— B. & 0. Station 

3— Wabash Station 

4— Federal Street Station 

5— B. R. & P. Station 

6— Fort Pitt Hotel 

7— William Penn Hotel 

8 — Duquesne Hotel 

9— Henry Hotel 
10 — Seventh Avenue Hotel 
11 — Anderson Hotel 
12— Annex Hotel 
13— Lincoln Hotel 
14 — Monongahela House 
15— Schenley Hotel 
16 — Gayety Theatre 
17 — Alvin Theatre 
18 — Lyceum Theatre 
19— Nixon Theatre 
20 — Davis Theatre 
21 — Grand Opera House 
22 — Victoria Theatre 
23— Boggs & Buhl's 
24 — Joseph Home Company 
25 — Rosenbaum Company 
26 — Kaufmann & Baer Company 
27— Kaufmann's, "The Big Store' 
28— Campbells' 
29 — McCreery & Company 
30— Exposition Music Hall 



31— Mechanical Hall, Exposition 

32— The Bouquet Block House 

33 — Chamber of Commerce 

34 — Market Houses 

35 — Court House 

36— New City-County Building 

37— Post Office & Federal Building 

38— Y. M. C. A., Downtown 

39 — Eighteenth Regiment Armory 

40 — University of Pittsburgh 

41— Historical Society of Western 

Pennsylvania 
42— Memorial Hall 
43 — Syria Temple, Nobles Mystic 

Shrine 
44 — Pittsburgh Athletic Association 
45 — Masonic Temple 
46— Carnegie Institute & Museum 
47 — Carnegie Institute of Tech- 
nology 
48 — Phipps Conservatory 
49— Forbes Field 
50— Herron Hill Park 
51 — Grandview Park 
52 — Carnegie Library, North Side 
53— North Side Market House 
54 — Harris Theatre 
55— Pitt Theatre 
56 — Duquesne Club 
57— Duquesne Garden 



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Pittsburgh, How To See It 11 



Pittsburgh, a City Powerful. 

®^\ITTSBURGH has long been world famous and has been 
Y' justly denominated "Pittsburgh the Powerful." It has 
A achieved primacy in more than one respect. In the United 
States Census of 1910, Pittsburgh's population is given as 533,905, 
ranking the City eighth in population and fifth in commercial and 
industrial importance among the cities of the United States. In 
the list of Metropolitan districts Pittsburgh is fifth. It is an excep- 
tionally well informed citizen who knows the border lines of the 
City. In 1915 there were 68 boroughs in Allegheny County of 
which Pittsburgh is the County seat. Forty of these boroughs are 
within the Pittsburgh Metropolitan District. Twenty-two are sepa- 
rated from the City by street lines, so that one side of a street is 
without the corporate limits of the City, and is the boundary line 
of a borough; perhaps of several boroughs. Eight boroughs are 
separated from the City by river, but have connecting bridges. 
Then one finds frequent mention of the "Pittsburgh District" and 
the "Greater Pittsburgh," practically applied to the same territory 
and to be distinguished from the Pittsburgh Metropolitan District, 
in which the Census Bureau includes all the territory within a ten mile 
radius from the center of the City. The different municipalities, 
closely knitted together, and contiguous often, form the one great 
City, and the actual population of that great City is more than one- 
million. Hence the necessity of an accurate and trustworthy guide 
book, comprehensive and epitomized to the wants of the visitors 
who frequently throng Pittsburgh. 

A news dispatch from Washington, October # 27, 1915, shows 
a material growth and gives some interesting statistics of Pittsburgh. 
As these are the very latest obtainable they are put in evidence 
here to show Pittsburgh's steady growth. The dispatch reads: 

Pittsburgh has grown since 1910 from 533,905 to a population of 
571 984 according to estimates made by the census bureau of popula- 
tions of cities of 8,000 and over as of July 1, 1915. The estimates are 
made on the basis of the percentage of increase m the 10 years preceding 
the last census, and assuming that the rate of increase has not changed 
the population now would be as estimated by the census officials. 

The relative rank of Pittsburgh is not changed by the estimates, and 
it remains the eighth city in the nation. Those larger are : New York, 
Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Boston, Cleveland and Baltimore. 
According to the estimates, Pittsburgh is gaining on Baltimore, which is 
now estimated to have 584,605 people, compared with 558,485 m 1910. 



12 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Pittsburgh is the metropolis of Western Pennsylvania and the 
upper Ohio Valley. The official spelling of the City's name is as here, 
the acts of legislature creating the place a borough in 1794, a City 
in 1816, the corporate seal of the City so spelling it, and in 1911 the 
United States Postal authorities conformed to this spelling. 

The Banking power of Pittsburgh is significant. The annual 
clearings are over $3,000,000,000; capital invested $642,000,000; 
wages paid, $90,000,000; value of the products of the Pittsburgh 
district, $578,000,000, and to this last item there can be added the 
value of the manufactured products $122,000,000. The surplus of 
Pittsburgh's 78 banks and trust companies approximates $100,000,000. 
Of seven cities in the United States having a banking capital and sur- 
plus of over $25,000,000,000, Pittsburgh is fourth, exceeded by New 
York, Boston and Philadelphia. 

Pittsburgh is conceded to be the iron and steel center Of the 
world. One-third of the bituminous coal produced by the entire 
country comes from the Pittsburgh district. Pittsburgh is not only 
a great commercial City, but a great manufacturing City apart from 
iron and steel products. In the diversified lines of manufacture in 
which Pittsburgh is pre-eminent and in some of which leads the world, 
there are to be enumerated air-brakes, aluminum products, cables 
and accessories, corks and cork products, electrical apparatus, fire- 
proofing and clay products, glass, railroad signaling devices, rolling 
mill machinery, steel cars, and turbines and condensers. 

Recent census statistics show 2,369 manufacturing establish- 
ments in Pittsburgh, with 20,692 salaried employees and 140,000 wage 
earners engaged in 153 lines of business. . 

With the three navigable rivers — the Allegheny, Monongahela 
and Ohio — and twenty-two lines of railroad entering the City available 
for transportation the tonnage of Pittsburgh is enormous, approxi- 
mating 175,000,000 tons, its waterborne tonnage exceeding 12,000,000 
tons. 

For the accommodation of the travelling public and the large 
transient population, Pittsburgh has now ample hotel facilities, 
several large, handsome and thoroughly modern hotels having been 
built within recent years. 

In evidence of Pittsburgh's comparative standing as a food 
center and distribution point for produce and vegetables, there is the 
fact that Pittsburgh stands third among all the cities in the United 
States, distributing annually 35,000 cars of such commodities. 

Pittsburgh is now a clean City. Its old sobriquet, the "Smoky 
City," is a misnomer and obsolete. A newer and better one is, the 
"Steel City." The abundance of natural gas, almost the universal 
fuel of the homes, largely used also in manufacturing, has tended to 
clear Pittsburgh atmospheric conditions except under certain weather 
phases. While coal is still largely used in manufacturing, there is 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 13 

much improvement owing to recent developments in smoke consump- 
tion. 

The City's manifold attractions are scattered practically over 
the Metropolitan district. A visitor with limited time must not expect 
to see all of them. The itineraries suggested in this book will be found 
valuable and enable one to see the most interesting sights with the 
minimum expenditure of time. The tours arranged are definite, 
covering sections of travel regardless of municipal lines. These tours 
are arranged to begin and end with one or more lines of rail or trolley 
transportation close by, so that it is a matter of easily solicited infor- 
mation for the visitor to find the line to take him to his stopping place 
if he finds this necessary. 

The data in this book have been obtained from official sources. 
It is therefore authentic. Matter relating to institutions, corporations 
and public affairs especially has been carefully compiled and edited, is 
up to date, and is as correct as it is possible to make it. Such matter 
is official and has been furnished or revised by the proper authorities 
in the various cases. The illustrations prepared especially for this 
work are not the least appropriate feature of the book. It is hoped 
the book, to quote a trite expression, "will meet a long-felt want" and 
fully answer the purposes of its publication. 

City Government. — The government of Pittsburgh is operated 
under a charter granted by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This 
charter broadly defines the powers and duties of the City and its officials. 
The Mayor is the chief executive, and a salaried Council of nine members 
legislates for the City within the powers granted by the charter. The 
former bicameral council has been abolished. The Mayor is elected 
by the people on a non-partisan ballot for a term of four years. All 
measures passed by the Council must be submitted to the Mayor for 
his approval or disapproval. He appoints all heads of departments, 
subject to the approval of a majority of the Council. He can veto 
any ordinance or resolution passed by the Council, and to override a 
veto the votes of two-thirds of the nine members are necessary. The 
Controller is elected on a non-partisan ballot for a term of four years. 
He is the principal financial officer of the City. Every payment by the 
City must be made through his office. The Treasurer is appointed by 
the Mayor for the same term. The Council elects its presiding officer 
and the City Clerk and his assistant. The City has a pension fund for 
the benefit of veteran employees of the Police and Fire Bureaus, and a 
disability fund for those killed or injured. Twenty years' service 
renders one eligible to retirement on half pay for life. An independent 
pension fund for school teachers is under the control of the Board of Edu- 
cation. The chief departments of the City are: Public Safety, Public 
Works, Health, and Public Charities. The first includes the Bureaus 
of Police, Fire, Building Inspection, Electricity, Boiler Inspection, 
Fire Prevention, and the Division of Weights and Measures. The 
Department of Public Works has the Bureaus of Engineering, Water, 



14 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Highways and Sewers, Parks, Lighting, and City Property. The 
Department of Health has the Bureaus of Sanitation, Child Welfare, 
Infectious Diseases and Food Inspection. The Charities Department 
directs the charity work of the City, and has charge of the two "Poor 
Farm" institutions. Other departments are Law, City Treasurer, 
Supplies, Assessors, and City Planning. All taxes are paid to the 
City Treasurer. There are eight police magistrates appointed by the 
Mayor, and a board of three members likewise appointed for the 
assessment of water taxes. The Department of Assessors consists of 
a board of nine members, which makes the City's assessment of real 
estate for taxation purposes. The City Clerk is clerk of Council and 
custodian of councilmanic records. The Department of City Planning 
is directed by a commission of nine persons appointed by the Mayor, 
who serve without compensation. This commission is empowered to 
prepare plans, reports, and recommendations for public improvements, 
and to make suggestions or reports on any public improvement sub- 
mitted to Council. The Commission makes many original studies, 
and the law creating it requires that all plans of lots must be approved 
by the Commission before they can be accepted by the City. There 
is also the Art Commission, which consists of the Mayor, Director of 
the Department of Public Works, and seven other persons appointed 
by the Mayor. The Commission must include one painter, one sculptor 
and three architects. Nothing intended for ornamentation or commem- 
oration can be erected on any public property without the approval 
of the Art Commission. This approval is also required for the design 
for any building, bridge, or other structure to be erected on any land, 
except bridges to cost less than $25,000, and buildings to cost less 
than $50,000. The Commission has the same power as to any structure 
a public service corporation may propose to erect on public land. 
Attached to the Mayor's office are the Bureau of Cost Accounting, 
Division of Information and Complaint, Bureau of Publicity, Division 
of Motor Vehicles, and Division of Horses. The police and detectives 
are under one head, the Chief of Police, with a detective force under the 
immediate control of a captain. The Bureau of Fire is under the 
Chief Engineer, who has ten assistants. The apparatus is largely auto- 
mobile in character and the water supply under the improved conditions 
of supply and distribution is now adequate. There are sixty-two fire 
companies and a water tower, but no fireboats in the harbor. The 
total number of persons employed by the City is 6200. The civil 
service law for Pittsburgh, passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, 
is administered by a board of three persons appointed by the Mayor, 
whose term of office run with the Mayor. The law provides that not 
more than two members shall be adherents of the same political party. 
The Commission is salaried. A Bureau of Public Morals attached to 
the Department of Public Safety, consisting of a board of seven persons 
appointed by the Mayor, was declared by the courts an illegal body, 
and was discontinued in 1914, but not before its efficiency had been 
demonstrated. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 15 

• iow 1 ! 1110 ^ 1 HaU ' at Smithfield street and Oliver avenue, erected 
*? 7-a' i Some years been ina dequate for the requirements of 

the different branches of the City government. Nearly twenty years 
ago the Public Safety Building, at Sixth avenue and Cherry way 
was erected and it has become too small also. A bridge across Cherry 
way connects with the Nixon Theatre building, where some of the offices 
of the Department of Public Safety are located, and a bridge from the 
Municipal Building extends across Oliver avenue to the Henrv W 
Oliver Building's fourth floor, where the office of the Mayor, the 
Director of the Department of Public Safety, and some other officials 
will be found. The Municipal Hall and Safety buildings are now the 
property of Allegheny County, having been taken over in the deal 
between the City and County in the erection of the new City and County 

fxr ? n S ° n nt Street ' on the sc l uare adjoining the Courthouse 

With the completion of this capacious and elegant structure all the 
municipal offices will be located in it. As it is, the departments are 
scattered. The location of the Department of Charities and Corrections 
is at 439 Second avenue. 

HISTORICAL MENTION. 

Pittsburgh is a historic City and figures largely in all the 
accounts of the French and Indian, the Revolutionary, and the 
Warol 1812 Its early history, to use a well-worn phrase is 
_ written in blood." While the fame of Pittsburgh has come from 
its prestige and standing as a manufacturing citv, it is well to remem- 
ber that m the history of the United States, Pittsburgh has a large 
place. 

First History. Traders in Indian goods came into the region 
about the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers later 
.u°^ n aS the " F , orks of the 0hio > " as early as 1730, and in a few'years 
the headwaters of the Ohio became a center of their trading operations. 
Ihe French and Indians regarded the Ohio and Allegheny as the same 
stream and called it the Oyo. Old maps show this. France and 
England, frequently at war, claimed the region west of the Allegheny 
Mountains, and on the side of the English, both Pennsylvania and 
Virginia claimed jurisdiction. The French, down to the surrender of 
Canada to the British in 1763, derived their right against that of the 
Jroquois, or Six Nations, to the Ohio country, by virtue of the dis- 
covery by La Salle, and of the French resorting to it when no other 
Indians occupied it but the French allies, the Shawnees, with whom 
the Iroquois were at war, the Iroquois finally victorious. The Iroquois 
claimed dominion by reason of this conquest, and the English claimed 
the country as having been ceded to them by the Iroquois at the treaty 
ot Lancaster, Pa., in 1744. It is to be noted that the French never 
made any attempts at settlement on the Ohio, as they did further 
west The steady increase of the English settlements toward the 
Alleghenies, the great number of English traders throughout the 



16 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

country west of the mountains, and, above all, the immense land grants 
on the waters of the Ohio made by the British Crown, and the Council 
of Virginia, incited the French to vigorous measures and the expe- 
dition of Celeron de Bienville down the Ohio warning off the English, 
burying leaden plates and posting written notices claiming the territory 
as far as the Mississippi. 

In 1753 the French erected the first of their chain of forts at 
Presque Isle, now Erie, Pa., and at La Bceuf, now Waterford, Pa., 
and in 1754, Fort Machault, or Venango, now Franklin, Pa. These 
activities so alarmed Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, that he dis- 
patched George Washington in November, 1753, to the commander 
of the French forts for the purpose of ascertaining his designs and to 
warn the French away. This was a futile mission. Washington 
while at the "Forks of the Ohio" wrote in his journal: "I spent some 
time in viewing the rivers and the land on the fork, which I think 
extremely well situated for a fort, as it has the absolute command of 
both rivers. " 

In the interest of the Ohio Company, Captain William Trent, 
with a few Virginia Militia, began to build a fort at the "Forks" in 
February, 1754. Trent's detachment of 41 men left in command of 
Ensign Edward Ward, were surprised by a large force of French and 
Indians who came down the Allegheny in a flotilla of canoes and 
batteaux, bringing 18 cannon. The Virginians were forced to leave, 
and their work was demolished. The French then erected a larger 
work, and named it Fort Duquesne. In the effort to capture this 
fort the well equipped British expedition under Gen. Edward Braddock 
met disastrous defeat July 9, 1755, on the Monongahela, eight miles 
from the fort, at the present towns of Braddock and North Braddock. 
Tn 1758, Gen. John Forbes, moving from Philadelphia, led an army of 
7,000 men against Fort Duquesne. An advance party of 800, under 
A4ajor James Grant, attempted to surprise the fort on September 
14th, but was overwhelmed and routed. The site of this engagement 
is now marked by a bronze tablet on the Court House at Fifth avenue 
and Grant street. The historic hill, for a century known as "Grant's 
Hill," has been gradually cut away, the last cut in 1913 of 18 feet 
known locally as the "Hump Cut." The Court House and Frick 
Building occupy part of the battle field. Nov. 24, 1758, Gen. Forbes 
was at Turtle Creek, within 15 miles of Fort Duquesne; the weak 
garrison thereupon burned buildings and blew up the fortifications 
and magazine, and fled down the Ohio in boats. The next day Forbes 
occupied the place and named it "Pittsburgh" in honor of William 
Pitt, Earl of Chatham, the British Prime Minister. A detachment of 
200 men, under Col. Hugh Mercer, of Virginia, built a small fort named 
Fort Pitt, and garrisoned it during the winter of 1758-59. In 1759 
Gen. John Stanwix, who succeeded Forbes, constructed the second 
Fort Pitt, a formidable work, which remained until 1792. 

During Pontiac's War in 1763 the fort was vigorously besieged 
by the Indians, but was ably defended by Capt. Simeon Ecuyer and a 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



17 



small British garrison from June 27th until August 6th. Col. Henry- 
Bouquet, with 500 British regulars and about 200 frontiersmen, 
marched from Carlisle, Pa., to the relief of the fort and met and 
defeated the Indians in a two days' fight at Bushy Run, 25 miles east 
of Pittsburgh, reaching the fort on August 9th. This battle ground is 
near the town of Manor on the Manor branch of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 

Tn 1764 Col. Bouquet erected a redoubt, a small brick block 
house, within Hie outer walls of the fort, which still stands, the only 

structure of Colonial 
times remaining in Pitts- 
burgh. It was deeded 
to the local Chapter of 
the Daughters of the 
American Revolution by 
Mrs. Mary E. Schenley, 
granddaughter of Gen. 
James O'Hara, of Revo- 
lutionary fame, and is 
preserved by that So- 
ciety. An Act of Legis- 
lature, 1903, exempting 
such Colonial relics from 
the operation of the law 
of eminent domain, in- 
sures its preservation. 
The building is sur- 
rounded by warehouses 
and freight tracks. A 
small park is maintained 
about the block house, with a lodge house on the plot. This block 
house is the last vestige of British rule in Western Pennsylvania. It is 
well worth visiting and instructions how to reach it will come in place 
w hen the visitor is guided to that portion of the City, which is known 
locally as the "Point District," the triangular strip formed by the 
confluence of the two rivers always called the "Point," in Pittsburgh 
and so for over a century. 

There are other historic points in Pittsburgh, mostly marked 
by bronze tablets placed either by the Daughters of the "American 
Revolution or the Women's Historical Society of Pittsburgh. These 
will all be mentioned in place. There are also historic points outside 
of the City, notably Braddock, and Gen. Anthony Wayne's encamp- 
ment at Legionville on the Ohio River in 1792. No traces" of Braddock's 
battle are now to be seen, but at Legionville some remains of the 
earthworks of the fortified camp are still visible. Reference will be 
made to all historic points when they are reached logically in this 
story of "How to See Pittsburgh," and this will be when any portion 
of the City which is under consideration has need, of such mention. 




THE BOUQUET BLOCK HOUSE 



CHAPTER I 

Arrival in Pittsburgh 



From Railroad Stations to Hotels and from one 
station to another 



It may be taken for granted that ordinarily the visitor arrives 
by train and hence first lands at some depot. From there he seeks a 
hotel or stopping place. True, many automobile tourists arrive daily 
but it may be presumed these have their auto route guides and are 
fully instructed. Again, they have opportunity for asking information 
enroute and from the corner policemen on all down-town streets. 
The traveler by train needs instructions first in these pages. 

Pittsburgh's topography is hard to understand from maps 
which show only a plane surface. The visitor needs to know that the 
City is in three sections primarily — the division lines made by the rivers. 
These we will designate the Old City, the North Side and the South Side. 

The Old City includes the East End district and comprises all 
the territory between the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, a triangu- 
lar section, beginning at the confluence of the two rivers where they 
form the Ohio, and gradually widening. The angle at the confluence 
is known locally and always spoken of as "The Point." 

The North Side, the former city of Allegheny, annexed to Pitts- 
burgh in 1907, includes the territory between the Ohio and Allegheny 
Rivers. 

The South Side includes all the territory south of the Monon- 
gahela and Ohio Rivers. That part below the Point Bridge (at the 
confluence) generally referred to as the West End. 

Each section has its flat and its hilly portions and each has 
adjoining boroughs or small municipalities not included in the corpor- 
ate limits of the City of Pittsburgh. These are taken up and described 
in detail (see Table of Contents, page 4). 

The Old City Section, "Peninsular Pittsburgh," some call it, 
contains the main business district, except a street or two on the North 
Side, Of necessity there are other business sections — mostly of a 

18 



Pittsburgh, How to See It 19 

retail character, localized and generally unimportant to the casual 
visitor. There are also the many manufacturing districts which will 
be noted. 

The downtown section,, or Old Pittsburgh, the original City as it 
has grown since its inception in 1758, contains all the principal hotels, 
with the exception of the Schenley, in the Oakland District, which is 
between Fifth Avenue and Forbes Street, at the Grant boulevard, 
about three miles from the downtown business section. 

The principal railroad stations are downtown and almost in a 
straight line. Certain street car lines have their terminus at the Penn- 
sylvania Station and pass the Baltimore and Ohio and Pittsburgh and 
Lake Erie Stations._ Other lines from here pass near the Wabash 
Station. These stations are located as follows: 

Railroads. — Twenty- two railroads, that is, main lines and 
branches, enter Pittsburgh, comprising the lines of the Pennsylvania 
System, the New York Central Lines, the Baltimore and Ohio, the 
Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh, the Pittsburgh, Bessemer and 
Lake Erie (the Carnegie Road), and the Wabash. 

The Pennsylvania Lines are the main line from the East; the 
Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Division; the Conemaugh, formerly the 
West Penn Division, including the Butler branch; the Monongahela 
Division; and the Pennsylvania Lines, West, North-West and South- 
West. The West and North-West lines are the Pittsburgh, Fort 
Wayne and Chicago (the Fort Wayne Route), Cleveland and Pitts- 
burgh, Erie and Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh, Youngstown and Ashta- 
bula Railroads. The lines South-West are the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, 
Chicago and St. Louis Railroad and branches, generally known as 
the "Pan Handle Lines" or the Pan Handle Route, the name arising 
from the route crossing the "Pan Handle" of West Virginia. 

The Baltimore and Ohio System unites four divisions at Pitts- 
burgh, viz. : the Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Youngstown and Akron (formerly 
the Pittsburgh and Western Railroad), and the Butler, Foxburg and 
Kane Divisions. 

The New York Central Lines at Pittsburgh comprise the Pitts- 
burgh and Lake Erie Railroad, the Pittsburgh, McKeesport and 
Youghiogheny, and the Pittsburgh, Chartiers and Youghiogheny (a 
feeder line). In 1913 a connection was made at Connellsville by the 
Pittsburgh, McKeesport and Youghiogheny with the extension of the 
Western Maryland Railroad, thus giving Pittsburgh another line to 
the seaboard. The Pittsburgh, McKeesport and Youghiogheny is 
really the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Divisions of the Pittsburgh 
and Lake Erie Railroad 

The Wabash, formerly part of the Gould System, comes in from 
the West by the Wabash-Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad with the West 
Side Belt line to Clairton as a feeder. The Wabash enters the City 
via a tunnel under Mt. Washington coming out on to a beautiful 
cantilever bridge over the Monongahela river at Ferry street. 



20 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

The Bessemer Line has local terminus at East Pittsburgh, 
uniting with the Union Railway, the local freight road of the United 
States Steel Corporation and connecting with its various plants along 
the Monongahela River. However, passenger trains on the Bessemer 
enter the City via the Baltimore and Ohio, as will be noted below. 

The Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad enters via the 
Baltimore & Ohio tracks from Butler, Pa. 

The Pennsylvania Main Lines East and West, and the Pan 
Handle Lines of that system and the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Rail- 
roads, maintain and operate four tracks. Railroad service in Pittsburgh 
is admirable. 

Railroad Stations. — There is no Union railway station in Pitts- 
burgh, each road having its own station, except the Buffalo, Rochester 
and Pittsburgh, whose trains arrive and depart from the Baltimore 
and Ohio station. One may hear of the "Union Station" and "Union 
Depot," but in either mention the Pennsylvania Station at Liberty 
avenue and Eleventh street is meant. This station was formerly called 
the "Union Depot," the name applied to the first station on the site, 
burned during the riot fires in 1877, and also to the building which 
was erected in its stead and razed to make way for the present structure. 
When the station was first called the Union Depot, the lines centering 
there were independent and the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. had not 
yet entered Pittsburgh. In the course of years all the lines centering 
at "Union Depot" passed under the control of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad and are now part of the Pennsylvania System. Previous to 
the entrance of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1870, there was 
a railroad to Connellsville, Pa., known as the Pittsburgh and Connells- 
ville Railroad, whose depot was at Grant and Water streets, where 
the freight sheds of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad now are. This 
road acquired the Pittsburgh and Connellsville, and it is now part of 
the Baltimore and Ohio's Pittsburgh Division, so that the name 
"Connellsville Depot" once heard is obsolete — though some few 
old timers may yet refer to it. If so, the Baltimore and Ohio Station 
at Smithfield and Water streets, is meant. 

From downtown to the Baltimore and Ohio Station, on River 
avenue between Seventh and Anderson streets, is but a short walk. 
From the Pennsylvania Station at Liberty avenue and Eleventh 
street, street cars on Routes numbered 6 and 7 are available turning 
from Liberty avenue into Seventh street. The station is just across 
the bridge. At this writing (1916) a new station and freight house 
is in course of erection but temporary quarters are in use for depot 
purposes. 

To reach this station from the main station of the Baltimore 
and_ Ohio at Water and Smithfield streets, one can ride all the way by 
paying two fares, changing cars at the Pennsylvania Station. Car 
Routes 37, 43, 44, 50, 51 and the interurbans, passing the Pittsburgh 
and Lake Erie and the Baltimore & Ohio Stations and proceeding 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



21 



on Smithfield street, will be used. These routes, and Routes 6 ar»d 
7 to the North Side, terminate at the Pennsylvania Station. Routes 




BALTIMORE AND OHIO STATION 

40, 41, 47 make the loop at Seventh avenue and Liberty will answer 
to change to routes 6 and 7. 

It is understood in proceeding from the River Avenue Station 
to the Pennsylvania Station Routes 6 and 7 east-bound are to be taken, 
and at the Pennsylvania Station routes 43 and 44 to the Baltimore 
and Ohio Station, Water street, and the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie 
Station, the direction south. In each case opposite to the direction 
mentioned in the preceding paragraph. 

From the River Avenue Station to the Federal Street Station 
of the Pennsylvania Lines is but a short walk. Go west along River 
avenue or Isabella street, which parallels River avenue, to Federal 
.street, one block from Seventh street, and turn to right on Federal 
street. The station is in sight, easily located by the overhead tracks 
crossing the street. 

Remember but local service on the Pittsburgh & Western 
Division of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad is provided at the River 
Avenue Station, but trains for Butler, Foxburg and Kane must be 
taken there, and trains on the Pittsburgh, Bessemer and Lake Erie 
Railroad. 



22 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



From the Wabash Station on Liberty avenue at Ferry street 
there is no direct car service to the River Avenue Station. North 
Side car Routes 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18 and 19, at Liberty 
avenue and Market street, or Penn avenue and Federal street 
will take passengers close to the station, leaving car on Federal 
street at River avenue or Isabella street, go one block to right. The 
station is easily seen from the Federal (or Sixth) Street Bridge. The 




FEDERAL STREET STATION 
PENNSYLVANIA LINES 

same car lines as indicated in directions how to proceed from the Wabash 
Station to the Federal Street Station will answer for transferring to the 
River Avenue Station. 

On the assumption that many arrive daily who must go from 
one station " to another, the above directions have been given place 
here. The train service can be but adverted to and schedules must 
be procured at the different stations or railroad offices. Most of the 
railroads have city ticket offices. These are prominently located as 
follows: The Pennsylvania Railroad and Pennsylvania Lines, first 
floor of the Henry W. Oliver Building at the corner of Smithfield 
street and Sixth avenue ; the Baltimore & Ohio, in the same building 
at the Oliver avenue corner ; the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie in the Park 
Building at Smithfield street and Fifth avenue; the Buffalo, Rochester 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 23 

& Pittsburgh, in the Oliver Building, adjoining the Baltimore and 
Ohio, on Smithfield street. The Wabash has no uptown city office, 
hence it is necessary to go to their Liberty Avenue Station for infor- 
mation. The Western Maryland's Railroad business in Pittsburgh 
is transacted via the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie connection and passen- 
gers desiring the Western Maryland route will resort to the Pittsburgh 
& Lake Erie Station or city ticket office for information. 

Arrival in Pittsburgh. — The Pennsylvania Lines, with their 
many trains using the station at Liberty avenue and Eleventh street, 
naturally bring the most travellers into the City. Hence the Penn- 
sylvania Station may be considered first as a point of arrival and the 
visitor will need instructions first how to reach the hotel of his choice 
or any of the first class hotels of the City. _ While this guide book is for 
all, it is primarily for strangers, those visiting the City for the first time, 
or perhaps after an absence of some years. 

It may be taken for granted that those having friends in the 
City will have received their instructions previously to arrival and will 
most likely be met by friends. To such visitors this guide book will 
come as a souvenir — a record and reminder of what he has seen in 
Pittsburgh. 

It may be conceded also that there are frequent arrivals who 
have but a few hours to spend in the City — a day at the most, and such 
will want to make the most of the time at their disposal; visiting such 
parts of the City as may be desired, large retail stores, the main thor- 
oughfares and other points of interest. Such visitors will find this 
guide book invaluable. 

An office for taxicab and cab service and baggage delivery will- 
be found in the vestibule of the station, and a Bureau of Information 
at the rear on the left as you come from trains. 

First Views of City from Pennsylvania Station. — On emerging 
from the Pennsylvania Station the visitor faces the west. Two large 
hotels are in sight. The Fort Pitt, the entrance at Tenth street and 
Penn avenue, but a block away, easily found and with illuminated 
signs to direct at night. The other is the new William Penn Hotel, 
of brick, twenty-one stories high, at Sixth avenue, Grant street, 
Oliver avenue and Cherry Way, at William Penn Square, two blocks 
distant from the Pennsylvania Station, opened for guests March 
10th, 1916. Smaller hotels will be found along Liberty avenue within a 
block either way from the station, and on Eleventh street. 

Liberty avenue is the main thoroughfare on the right coming 
from the station; Eleventh street enters at right angles to Liberty 
avenue and both are crossed by the curved bridge carrying the over- 
head tracks of the Pennsylvania System's Fort Wayne Route, and its 
North Western Lines. Looking west the visitor will locate the busi- 
ness section by the number of "skyscrapers" in view. At the left he 
will find himself fenced in from the hillside of the Grant boulevard 
under which the tracks of the Pennsylvania's Pan-Handle Route, the 



24 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Southwestern lines that within a block, enter a tunnel. He will 
observe a footbridge at the end of Grant street crossing these tracks, 
and taking one across the boulevard into Washington place, really a 
street and formerly known as Washington street. This is a short-cut 
to trolley cars that traverse Wylie avenue and take one to the "Hill 
District" of Old Pittsburgh, with two lines to the East End. The 
other terminus of Washington Place is at Fifth avenue, which makes a 




PENNSYLVANIA STATION, LIBERTY AVENUE AT ELEVENTH STREET. 

large curve at the Court House, and continues for several miles to the 
East, the only main thoroughfare downtown which curves. If the 
visitor wants to go by trolley car to any points reached by Wylie 
avenue or Fifth avenue trolley lines, he will find it more advantageous 
to take such cars at the regular stopping places downtown to which 
he will be directed farther on in this chapter 

Trolley Service to Hotels and Other Railroad Stations. — One 
side of Grant street on the end known as New Grant street, is occupied 
by the freight yards and freight buildings of the Pan Handle Route, 
to be exact, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway. 
These yards are securely fenced and walled in so that it is net possible to 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 25 

walk to the business section except along Grant street or Liberty avenue 
orPenn avenue, via Eleventh street. Turning out off Grant street into 
Liberty avenue there will be noticed two lines of large trolley cars 
which are those of the interurban lines to Washington and Canons- 
burg, Pa., and to Charleroi, and intervening points. Several other 
trolley routes terminate here, numbered and labeled 50, Carson street 
to South Thirtieth; 51, Carson street to South Twenty-second street, 
44, Knoxville; 43, Neeld avenue, Beechview, and 37, "Castle Shannon 
via Fair Haven," two suburban routes operated only in the morning 
and evening rush hours. The large cars turn from Liberty avenue 
into Grant street, the smaller cars the reverse way. 

Any of these cars will take the visitor to the Baltimore and 
Ohio Station, the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh trains at the same 
station, and to the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Station or "Lake Erie 
Station." This road is a branch of the New York Central Lines, 
their cars and rolling stock being so designated. Trolley cars taken 
at Grant street and Liberty avenue pass several hotels. The Seventh 
avenue, at the corner of that street and Liberty avenue; get off at 
Anderson street, formerly Ninth street; the St. Charles, get off at Wood 
street and Third avenue; the hotel is diagonally across from the 
stopping corner; and the Monongahela House, at Water and Smithfield 
streets, the Baltimore and Ohio Station diagonally opposite and the Pitts- 
burgh & Lake Erie Station directly opposite on the south side of the 
Monongahela River at the end of the Smithfield street bridge. Cars 
stop directly in front of the Monongahela House on the Water street 
front. Water street is the thoroughfare along the Monongahela 
wharf. 

Cars turning at Grant street and Liberty avenue will take the 
traveler within a block and a half of the Hotel Henry on Fifth avenue 
above Smithfield street. Cars in Pittsburgh stop at the first corner 
approached except in a few instances down town. Hence to go to the 
Hotel Henry the visitor alighting from the car, and facing the direction 
in which it is headed, will cross Wood street and go up Fifth avenue, 
crossing Smithfield street. The hotel is on the left side of Fifth avenue, 
a few doors above Smithfield street. 

On the way the visitor will have passed the Hotel Newell, on 
the left side of Fifth avenue, between Wood and Smithfield streets 
and numbered 354. He can reach the Duquesne Hotel by turning off 
Fifth avenue at Smithfield street and going to the left one block. 

It is a traffic regulation in Pittsburgh that vehicles going East 
on Smithfield street or towards Liberty avenue, must return on Wood 
street. Both streets terminate at Liberty avenue. Cars routed on these 
streets follow the traffic regulation. Hence to return to the Pennsylvania 
Station from any of these hotels it will be necessary to take a Smithfield 
street car that goes to the station. The interurban cars, Carson street 
cars numbered 50 and 51, and number 37, the Castle Shannon line 
via Fair Haven (the latter mornings and evenings only) , land passengers 
at Grant street and Liberty avenue at the foot of the esplanade (the 



26 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

wide stone walks) leading to the station. Beechview 43, and Knoxville 
44 land passengers at the foot of the steps leading from the esplanade 
in front and at right of the station. These cars follow the same route 
as the others mentioned, Liberty avenue, Smithfield and Wood streets, 
and can be used to reach the depots and the hotels mentioned above 
in this paragraph. Number 44 cars, after passing the Lake Erie 
Station, go through the tunnel under Mt. Washington to their terminus 
in Knoxville, a hill- top suburb on the South Side. Route 43, termin- 
ating at Neeld avenue, Beechview, follows the same route as 44 from 
the south end of the tunnel. All tunnel routes turning at Third 
avenue and Seventh avenue will transfer to Routes 37, 43 and 44 at 
the south end of the tunnel, and the reverse. 

There are two other car lines that can be taken at the foot of 
the steps from the Pennsylvania Station esplanade, both turning 
off Liberty avenue and going to the North Side, or the former city of 
Allegheny. These cars are numbered 6, "Brighton Road," and 7, 
"Charles street. " The visitor can use them to go to the Seventh Avenue 
Hotel, leaving car at Liberty avenue and Anderson (9th) street, 
the hotel facing Anderson street at the corner of Seventh and Liberty 
avenues. Routes 6 and 7 have their terminals in that portion of the 
North Side known locally as "Lower Allegheny," as will be explained 
later on. It is but three blocks from the station to the Seventh Avenue 
Hotel. 

From the esplanade in front of the Pennsylvania Station 
trolley cars can be seen passing beyond the station on Liberty avenue, 
that is, towards the East and coming from that direction. These are 
large cars numbered 86, and designated "East Liberty Express." 
East Liberty is the local name for the business section of the East End 
District of the City, contiguous to the East Liberty Station of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad. Eleventh street is a short street running north 
and terminating at the Allegheny River. The visitor will not be likely 
to go beyond Penn avenue on this street. Perm avenue parallels 
Liberty avenue and is one of the three main thoroughfares from the 
business section downtown to the East End and the East suburbs. 
A number of car lines follow Penn avenue; some circle lines, that is 
to say, cars coming in Penn avenue or westward return on Fifth 
avenue or Forbes street and vice versa. Cars going in Penn avenue 
turn at Fifth avenue or Federal street and pass the Fort Pitt Hotel at 
Tenth street (one block from Eleventh street), the Colonial- Annex 
at Federal street (Sixth) and turn within two blocks of the Lincoln 
Hotel on Penn avenue below Stanwix street (formerly Fifth street). 
Nos. 72 and 79 turning at Fifth and Penn avenues, pass the Newell and 
Henry Hotels, and go within one block of the Duquesne Hotel at Smith- 
field street and Oliver avenue. The passenger desiring any one of these 
hotels will get off cars at Smithfield street and Fifth avenue. Oliver 
avenue is between Fifth and Sixth avenues. It was formerly Virgin 
alley; but has been widened into a street. Just above the Duquesne 
Hotel is the new William Penn Hotel, the side on Oliver avenue. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 27 

Trolley Lines on Penn Avenue to Penn Avenue Hotels — Cars 
coming in on Penn avenue, that is, going west and making the loop 
in the business section, in addition to Routes 72 and 79, which go up 
Fifth avenue, are numbered and designated as follows: 88, Frankstown 
avenue; 89, the same from Twenty-second street, Pittsburgh; 93, The 
Allegheny Valley, an interurban Route; 94, Sharpsburg and Aspmwall; 
95, short line of Route 94 to Twenty-second street, Sharpsburg; 96, 
Penn and Negley, via Butler street; and 98, Larimer avenue. These 
lines make the loop at Federal street (Sixth street), or at Anderson or 
Seventh street, into Liberty avenue and thence via Seventh street to 
Penn avenue and hence are available only for parties wishing the 
Anderson, Colonial- Annex and Lincoln Hotels. 

Trolley Lines to Hotel Schenley — Any car running east on Fifth 
avenue or Forbes street will take passengers to the Hotel Schenley. 
From the Pennsylvania Station Routes 72 and 79, Bloom- 
field and Forbes, Shady and Penn lines are preferable in point of 
convenience and directness. A single fare will be charged going west 
from Eleventh street, as the terminal blocks of the circle lines are 
between Eleventh street and Penn avenue and Grant street and 
Fifth avenue; that is to say a passenger getting on beyond Eleventh 
street will pay another fare after Grant street is passed. Going 
East on Penn avenue on these two lines, but numbered 91 and 92, 
the Schenley can also be reached and one fare will be charged, but the 
route is longer and more circuitous. These circle lines in the _ railway 
parlance have their "inside" and "outside" loops. The^ inside loop 
is in Forbes street and out Penn avenue, and the outside in Penn 
avenue and out Forbes street, both running on Fifth avenue from 
Sixth avenue to Penn avenue. As this seems a strange arrangement 
of streets, remember that Fifth avenue, making the turn at the Alle- 
gheny County Jail at Ross street, crosses Sixth avenue. The Hotel 
Schenley is between Fifth avenue and Forbes street at the Grant 
boulevard. If the visitor will walk along Liberty avenue to Smith- 
field street, thence along Smithfield street to Sixth avenue, he will 
find a number of cars that will take him to the Schenley Hotel: Routes 
numbers 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 80, running on Forbes 
street or Fifth avenue. ' \ ]\l . 

If one wishes to go two blocks further on Smithfield street to t if th 
avenue, he can take a car on Routes 63, 66, 68, 72, 75, 76, 79, 80. 
It will be noted some numbered routes can be taken at Sixth avenue 
and Smithfield street and these same numbers at Fifth avenue and 
Smithfield street. These routes make the downtown loop thus: 
Sixth avenue, Liberty avenue and Fifth avenue, the other numbered 
routes that come down Sixth avenue make the loop thus: Wood street 
and Fourth avenue. Some lines turn off Fifth avenue into Forbes 
street before reaching the Schenley, viz.: 63, 66, 68 and 80. Passen- 
gers on the other Fifth avenue lines will get off at Fifth avenue and the 
Grant boulevard and enter the hotel from the Fifth avenue front. 
The visitor will find cars turning out of Smithfield street and pro- 



28 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



ceeding up Sixth avenue. Routes 64 and 65 do so and run on Forbes 
street and are available. These are large cars designated "Wilkins- 
burg and East Pittsburgh" and "Bell and Jones," referring to the 
streets on which they run in North Braddock, their terminal. Visitors 
will also perceive certain cars marked "short, " which means these cars 
turn back before reaching the route's terminal. However, they pass 
the Hotel Schenley. The loop routes downtown are immaterial. 
All of the routes specified in this paragraph pass the Hotel Schenley. 
The Forbes street stop for the hotel is directly in front of the building 
at the lower entrance to Schenley Park. 

Same Lines to Places of Interest near the Schenley. — These 
directions as to car routes passing the Hotel Schenley on Forbes street, 
will apply to Forbes Field, the ball ground of the Pittsburgh Base Ball 
Club of the National Association ; Schenley Park ; the Central Carnegie 
Library and Museum, and the Carnegie Institute of Technology 




SCHENLEY HOTEL. 

Directions as to car routes on Fifth avenue passing the Hotel 
vSchenley will apply to Memorial Hall, the University of Pittsburgh, 
the Masonic Temple, Syria Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, 
the Pittsburgh Athletic Club and any of the buildings on the Schenley 
Farms tract. The Grant boulevard, which crosses Fifth avenue at 
the Schenley Hotel, will be as convenient a point to leave the cars 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 29 

to go to Schenley Farms district as any point that could be 
mentioned. All the buildings mentioned are in plain view from the 
Schenley Hotel, the Memorial Hall facing the hotel, across Fifth 
avenue. 

Trolley Lines from Baltimore and Ohio Station. — This station 
is at Smithfield and Water streets, at the entrance to the Smithfield 
street Bridge over the Monongahela River. The Monongahela 
House is diagonally opposite, and a smaller hotel, the Merchants, is 
directly across Water street. The visitor on coming out of the station 
will find cars passing both ways on the bridge, some turning out of 
Water street, and some going only one way on Smithfield street, 
that is up, or towards the business section. Some of these latter cars 
turn off Smithfield street at Third avenue, others turn at Seventh 
avenue towards Liberty avenue and some the other way, or up Seventh 
avenue, thence into Grant street and from Grant into Liberty avenue ; 
also lines going into Liberty avenue from Smithfield street. Two of 
these latter, Routes 43 and 44, go close up to the Pennsylvania 
vStation; three lines, Routes 37, 50 and 51, to Liberty avenue and 
Grant street, in front of this station, as do also the Washington and 
Charleroi cars — interurban lines; all returning on Wood street. 

To reach an uptown hotel from this station, it will be necessary 
to take a car that does not turn at Third avenue. Such lines will 
take passengers to Third avenue and Wood street to the St. Charles 
Hotel, but the distance is so short that it can be traversed on foot 
in a few minutes; the route is up Smithfield street to the third street 
which is Third avenue, and then turn left to Wood street, one block. 
To reach the two hotels on Fifth avenue, the Henry above Smith- 
field street, and the Newell below, get off car at Fifth avenue and 
Smithfield street, turn right for Henry, left for the other; in the 
first case going up Fifth avenue a few doors, and in the other down. 
The hotels are on the opposite side of Fifth avenue from where pas- 
sengers alight from the car. To reach the Lincoln, Anderson and 
Colonial-Annex hotels, the visitor will have to take a car going down 
Fifth avenue that turns into Penn avenue. Cars on routes 91 
and 92 will do. For the Lincoln Hotel get off at Fifth and Penn 
avenues; for the Anderson and Colonial- Annex get off at Federal 
street (Sixth street); the hotels are on opposite corners. There are 
several smaller hotels on Federal street before the bridge over the 
Allegheny River is reached and some on the north part of the street 
across the bridge, to which any car crossing the bridge will carry those 
desiring. Cars on Routes 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19 and 20 cross this 
bridge, but Route 20 turns off at Lacock street, two blocks from the 
bridge. 

Note — It is not thought necessary in the text to further designate the car 
routes by name, as the route numbers are sufficiently explicit, and all cars 
are marked by their route number, and the reiterated names but swell the 
typed page. 



30 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

There are no transfers downtown from one trolley line _ to 
another, so that the passenger from Smithfield street cars taking 
cars on Fifth avenue going either way must pay another fare. 

Arriving at the Baltimore Station and wishing to go to the 
Hotel Schenley the passenger will take a car on Routes 
67, 71 or 73, at Smithfield street and Fourth avenue, cars stopping 
at lower corner. If business takes one uptown and he wishes to take 
a car on Fifth avenue he can do so at Market, Wood, Smithfield or 
Grant streets on cars numbered 63, 66, 68, 72, 75, 76, 79 and 80 and 
also on Routes 64 and 65, which make the loop on Smithfield street 
from Fifth avenue to Sixth avenue. The lines pass by or near the 
Hotel Yoder, a lodging hotel for men, to reach which one must get 
off at Magee street. 

Desiring to go from the Baltimore and Ohio Station to the 
Duquesne Hotel take cars on Smithfield street in front of the station 
on Routes numbered 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 50 or 51 and get off 
at Oliver avenue. Interurban cars on Washington and_ Canonsburg, 
and on Charleroi lines will also answer, and all mentioned in this 
paragraph are available to reach the Seventh Avenue Hotel, get off 
at Smithfield street and Seventh avenue from cars 37, 43, 44, 50, 51, and 
the interurban, and from other routes at Seventh avenue and Liberty 
avenue, the hotel on the opposite corner from which cars stop. Cars 
on Routes 37, 43, 44, 50, 51 and the interurban cars will take passengers 
to the Pennsylvania Station and hence to the Fort Pitt Hotel at Penn 
avenue and Tenth street. Get off at Liberty avenue and Tenth 
street, or if on a car turning up Seventh avenue and making the loop 
via Grant street, get off at the car's terminal, Grant street and Liberty 
avenue, nearly opposite Tenth street. 

The new William Penn Hotel can be reached by any of these 
lines from the Baltimore & Ohio and Pittsburgh Lake Erie 
Stations. Get off at Smithfield street and Sixth avenue and turn to 
right; go up Sixth avenue one block. The hotel opened for guests 
March 10th, 1916. 

Trolley Lines from Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Station. — As the 

same cars pass this station that pass the Baltimore and Ohio Station 
the traveller wishing to reach the Pennsylvania Station or any of the 
hotels enumerated in the paragraph relating to the Baltimore & 
Ohio Station, he will take any of the cars mentioned in that para- 
graph, viz.: 37,38,40,41,43,44,47,50 and 51 and the two interurban 
lines, remembering that of these numbers 37, 43, 44, 50, 51 and the 
interurban cars will take passengers to the Pennsylvania Station at 
Eleventh street and Liberty avenue, and that numbers 43, 50 and 51 
carry signs in front which so notify. They read "Pittsburgh and Lake 
Erie, B. & O. and Pennsylvania Stations." 

Trolley Lines at and Near Wabash Station, and How to Reach 
Hotels and Other Stations. — Passengers arriving at the Wabash 
Station, which is well down town, at Liberty avenue and Ferry street, 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



31 



at Diamond street, will find several hotels within a few blocks and 
many cars turning out of Stanwix street (formerly Fifth street), into 
Liberty avenue. These are the West End and western suburban routes 
and not available to reach any of the railroad depots or hotels. To get 
to the Lincoln Hotel, cross Liberty avenue to Stanwix street, go one 




WABASH STATION, LIBERTY, FERRY AND DIAMOND STREETS. 

block to Penn avenue, and the hotel will be seen below Stanwix street 
on Penn avenue. To reach the Anderson and Colonial- Annex Hotels, 
walk one block up Penn avenue to Federal street (Sixth street), turning 
from Stanwix street to the right at Penn avenue. These two hotels 
are at Penn avenue and Federal street, which is as often called Sixth 
street. 

To reach the Monongahela House on foot from the Wabash 
Station, the most directway with but one turn is, via Ferry street to 
Water street, at the river; thence to the left along Water street, 
three blocks, the hotel on the corner of Smithfield street at the 
bridge. The route through the market houses via Diamond 
street can be used also, but the visitor will go to Smithfield street, 
two blocks after passing through second market building and turn 
right on Smithfield street to river, or he can walk up Wood street 
one block, after passing through second market house, to Fifth 
avenue (the market houses are built over the street) and take 
any car going towards the river on Wood street, to wit.: Numbers 



32 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

37 and 38, March 8 routed via Third avenue, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 50 
and 51 and the large interurban cars marked Washington and 
Charleroi. The distance from Diamond and Wood streets is six blocks, 
the same by foot via Smithfield street, from this corner to the hotel. 

To reach the Hotel Schenley from the Wabash Station the 
visitor will pass out of the station and go up Liberty avenue to 
Jenkins Arcade, up Fifth avenue the short distance to Market 
street (upper corner here), and take any car going up Fifth 
avenue, numbers 63, 66, 68, 72, 75, 76, 79 or 80, all of which, except 
72 and 79, turn up Fifth avenue from Liberty avenue. Get off at the 
hotel. 

To go from the Wabash Station to the Baltimore and Ohio 
and Lake Erie Stations, take any line enumerated as available to go 
to the Monongahela House, as they are both at Smithfield and Watei 
streets, at the bridge. The same cars take you to the Pittsburgh 
and Lake Erie Station at the south end of the bridge and directly 
opposite the hotel. 

To reach the Pennsylvania Station from the Wabash, take Routes 
numbered 91 or 92 at Fifth avenue and Market street or Fifth and 
Penn avenues and get off at Eleventh street, turn right, go up Eleventh 
street to Liberty avenue; station is in view. To walk follow same 
directions as given above to reach Seventh Avenue and Fort Pitt 
Hotels, as both are in sight of the Pennsylvania Station. 

The railroad stations at Fourth avenue and at "Birmingham," 
on the Pennsylvania Lines West, are mainly for commutors, and trains 
passing these stations arrive and depart from the Pennsylvania Station 
at Liberty avenue and Eleventh street. 

However, on the North Side, at the Federal Street Station of 
the Pennsylvania Lines, reached from Liberty and Penn avenues at 
Stanwix street or at Market street and Liberty avenue, except on 
route number 20, there are many local trains that arrive and depart 
from that station only. To make certain of these trains consult a 
local time table, to be had at all hotels. Local trains from the 
Federal Street Station are for points along the Ohio River; many of 
which can be reached by trolley lines also. 

To reach other downtown hotels it is better to walk unless the 
weather be unfavorable, as the distance from the Wabash Station that 
must be traversed before a car is reached that is available, is in some 
cases half way. Thus to reach the Henry, Newell and Duquesne 
Hotels, walk up Liberty avenue to Fifth avenue and ride on car _ up 
Fifth avenue to Smithfield street, and find the Henry above Smith- 
field street on Fifth avenue, the Newell below, and the Duquesne at 
Smithfield street and Oliver avenue, one block up Smithfield street. 
The distance from Liberty avenue to Smithfield street is three blocks. 
In unfavorable weather or with heavy baggage, a taxi or cab is desir- 
able. 

To reach the Seventh Avenue and Fort Pitt Hotels, take cars 
at Fifth avenue and Liberty avenue, turning from Fifth avenue 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



33 



into Penn avenue. Routes 91 and 92 are best. Get off at Anderson 
street (Ninth street) for the Seventh Avenue, and the hotel is facing 
you one block away on Liberty avenue, opposite Anderson street. 
The Fort Pitt Hotel is at Penn avenue and Tenth street. Get off 
there. To walk to either go straight up Liberty avenue to Ander- 
son street for Seventh Avenue Hotel and to Tenth street for Fort 
Pitt Hotel. 

A number of Penn avenue lines cars going east are also 
available to reach these two hotels. Routes 88, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 
some of which can be taken at Sixth and Liberty avenues and at 
Liberty avenue and Sandusky street, (Seventh). These cars turn 
back into Penn avenue via Seventh street. 

To reach the new William Penn Hotel from the Wabash Station 
the best plan is to take a car on Liberty avenue going up Fifth avenue 
to Grant street and get off there, at the Frick Building. The hotel 
is one block away; turn at Grant street to left. The hotel is 
large and unless hidden by the Frick Arcade, now being erected (1916), 

should be in plain view. 

To reach Y. W. C. A. 
Central Building. — Many 
women traveling alone will 
want to go direct to the 
Central building of this Asso- 
ciation at 59 Chatham street. 
Having arrived there, if desi- 
rous of accommodations at 
any of the branches of the 
Association, proper directions 
and information will be given 
such inquirers. To reach the 
Central Y. W. C. A. Building 
from the Pennsylvania Sta- 
tion, at Eleventh street, walk 
one block to Penn avenue, 
cross Penn to upper corner 
of Eleventh, take car on 
Route 79, to Fifth avenue 
and Chatham street. This 
route carries the sign" Forbes, 
Shady & Penn," and runs 
on Fifth avenue to Oakland. 
To walk to the building 
from the Pennsylvania Sta- 
tion, go up the steps at the 
end of the esplanade in front 
of the station at the left, 
cross the Grant boulevard — 
"Safety First" here: use the 




CENTRAL Y. W. C. A. BUILDING 
59 CHATHAM STREET 



34 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

tunnel under the boulevard as thousands of auto vehicles use the 
boulevard and pass often at high speed. Proceed along Washington 
place to Wylie avenue, three blocks; cross Wylie and turn down, 
that is to the right from Washington place, two blocks, and find the 
building immediately below Wylie, turning from Wylie to the left at 
Chatham street. 

From Fifth avenue and Smithfield street; Sixth avenue and 
Smithfield, and on Fifth below Smithfield street, and on Sixth avenue 
below Smithfield, Wylie avenue cars can be taken to Chatham street. 
Routes numbered 82, 83, 84, 85. However, if unencumbered by baggage, 
the walk from Fifth and Smithfield is short. Go up Fifth avenue, 
turn left into Wylie at the Court House; Chatham street is the third 
street crossing Wylie avenue; turn right from Wylie. Route 82 makes 
the loop Fifth avenue and Smithfield street, Sixth avenue and 
Smithfield street, except night cars. 

From the Baltimore and Ohio Station, any car going east on 
Smithfield street to Sixth avenue is available; Routes 37, 38, 40, 41, 
43, 44, 50, 51, and the large interurban cars. No transfers at Fifth 
or Sixth avenues. However it is but six short blocks from the B. & 
O. (also B. R. & P.) stations to Fifth avenue and Smithfield street, 
where the Wylie avenue lines mentioned in preceding paragraph can 
be taken, and the distance with but one turn left — at Sixth and Wylie 
avenues, is about the same as from the B. & O. Station to Sixth 
avenue and Smithfield street. Wylie avenue cars can also be taken 
at Fifth and Smithfield before going around the loop via Liberty avenue. 

From the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Station the same cars are 
available as from the B. & O. Station, and the route is identical. 

From the Wabash Station it will be necessary to walk up Liberty 
avenue to Fifth avenue, where cars on Routes 83 and 85 can be taken 
to Chatham street via Wylie avenue, and on Routes numbered 75, 76, 
79 and 81, to go to Fifth avenue and Chatham street. The car stop near- 
est Fifth and Liberty avenues is at Fifth avenue and Market street. 

Parties arriving via trains at the North Side Station of the 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Bessemer trains at the same station, 
will cross either the Seventh (Sandusky) or Ninth (Anderson) street 
bridge to Penn avenue. Route No. 79 at Penn avenue and Seventh 
or Ninth and Routes 75, 76, 80 and 81 at Liberty and Oliver ave- 
nues will be available to Fifth avenue and Chatham street. Parties 
arriving via the Federal Street Station of the Pennsylvania Lines 
need not be reckoned with, as all through trains reach the Liberty 
Avenue and Eleventh Street Station. If by chance anyone wishing 
to go to the Chatham Street Y. W. C. A. leaves the train at Federal 
Street Station, she is advised to come to Penn avenue and Federal 
street (Sixth) upper corner, and take a car on Route 79 to Fifth avenue 
and Chatham street. 

Parties desiring to secure rooms in advance at the Y. W. C. A. 
Central Building, are advised to communicate with the institution 
in advance, as per instructions under the sub-head Y. W. C. A. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 35 

TRANSPORTATION BY TROLLEY LINES. 

Except by the steam railways there is no other transportation 
for passengers in Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh District than by 
trolley cars, and they are all surface lines. Subway propositions have 
been frequent but have failed for lack of the necessary franchise grant 
from the City. The topography of the City renders an elevated road 
too costly and as the level portions of the. city are well covered by 
the surface lines, there is no need of an elevated line, unless to help 
out in the rush hours of morning and evening. The visitor then will 
look for surface cars only. 

There have been many plans considered to better passenger 
transportation facilities in Pittsburgh and some have been carried to 
completion. The City some years ago entered upon an era of physical 
improvement from which it has not yet emerged. Streets were widened 
and extended, grades altered at congested points, the elimination of 
steam railroad grade crossings, the regulation of vehicle traffic on 
certain downtown streets, and other street improvements have been 
intimately connected with improved transit facilities that tend to 
enlarge and unify the Greater Pittsburgh. 

To this end also the operating railway company has contributed 
by maintaining schedules, the installation of automatic switches', the 
operation of more, larger and better cars, with proper heating, ventil- 
ation and lighting; the installation also of improved rail and pave- 
ments; the increased clearance between cars and curb wherever practi- 
cable; much rerouting and additional transfers granted, rehabilitation 
of many miles of tracks, the withdrawal of worn out and obsolete 
styles of cars, increased power with larger car houses and repair shops, 
renewed overhead construction and more feeder lines, the widening 
of the Smithfield Street Bridge and many more improvements. 

It is not denied that local passenger transportation in Pittsburgh 
is still far from ideal. Future "rapid transit" developments that are 
to be worked out may possibly include the long talked of subways 
under the streets of the downtown business district with branches 
under the rivers and through the hills. The use of the county owned 
tunnels through the South Hills now being bored as trolley routes 
will be of vast benefit to the sections traversed south of the tunnels 
in the beautiful rural districts to which the residential growth of the 
city is now largely directed. 

The electrification of the major steam suburban lines with the 
use of a subway system as a downtown distributing terminal and as a 
connecting link between all radiating lines is a consideration that 
is fondly hoped for, and with its installation a system of transfers 
between the surface and such rapid transfer lines will tend to promote 
increased adequacy of service. 

It is evident that Pittsburgh's traction problem, like that of many 
cities, cannot be settled in a short time and it is not necessary to enlarge 
further upon it here. These comments have been thought necessary 
by reason of the somewhat prevalent belief that Pittsburgh's trans- 



36 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

portation facilities and traction passenger service are woefully inade- 
quate, and that there are strained relations always between the traction 
company and the riding public. It will require a visit to the City to 
see at a glance that the traction problem in Pittsburgh is different 
from any other American city's. If a visitor who has not been here 
for several years returns, a short study of transit facilities will con- 
vince him that great advances have been made in the art of transpor- 
tation, even should he complain that some things remain to be 
accomplished. Indeed fair minded persons will find a comprehensive 
transportation system that is being constantly modified to meet growing 
demands. Hence he who comes here with the belief that Pittsburgh 
has an unsuitable and inadequate system of passenger transportation 
by trolley lines, must expect to have his mind disabused of such an 
idea. When one considers the topography of the City and the con- 
gested condition of the narrow streets down town he will in all honesty 
admit that the system is surprisingly good. The down town streets 
date back to 1765 and 1784— to Colonial Pittsburgh. They have 
endured. As well try to widen the streets of old New York down town 
as Pittsburgh's — and it would be about as profitable. Granting any 
street widening requested in Pittsburgh we still have the rivers and 
hills as fixtures to cope with. 

There is a growing belief that the operating railways company 
in Pittsburgh is honest and really working out the problems that 
confront it. To this end it calls attention to the hundred and fifty 
modern low floor, all steel, motor cars of their own design that were 
put into service within the past year, with more to come. These cars 
embody the latest improvements for the safety and comfort of pas- 
sengers. They are clean, hygienic and attractive. It is not expected. 
that the whole system will be restocked at once. Yet it is being done 
gradually. 

Again, these new cars are time savers in the rush hours by reason 
of being easily boarded. The center entrance double doors permit 
two simultaneous streams of passengers to enter. One low step and a 
slight slope replace the two steps of the older cars. At all important 
corners uniformed inspectors direct and assist passengers in boarding 
cars and also furnish information as to routes and terminals. The 
passengers are expected to co-operate in promoting rapidity of service 
by standing at the proper place to board the car and by having the 
exact fare ready to drop into the box that confronts him upon the 
entrance. It is readily seen that where a car loads from 20 to 30 
passengers at one of the many congested points in the City, if ten persons 
asked for change for various sums ranging from ten cents to a dollar, 
that it will take time for the conductor to make change. Parties 
awaiting change block the entrance, delaying others who desire to 
enter, the conductor holds the car until he gets all his passengers. 
Back of the car there may be from one to ten cars delayed. There- 
fore provide yourself with a quantity of nickels and enter the car without 
delay. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 37 

Better power and improved lighting go together. With the new 
lamps now in use these new cars are brilliantly lighted so that one 
can read his newspaper or magazine with ease. 

Directing Signs. Car stop signs must be noted. These are 
circular signs on the trolley and the motorman stops his car so that 
the door comes directly under the sign. Especially should these 
signs be noticed at congested traffic points; thus: 

First Car. 

Second Car. 

Third Car. 

These are interpreted that a car stopping at such a point will 
stop under the First Car sign if possible. If a car is already at that 
point he will stop under the Second Car sign. If both places are 
taken he will stop at the Third Car sign. Thus, when necessary 
three cars can be loaded at once. The visitor is advised, therefore to 
pay heed to these signs. He will save time for himself and others and 
make sure of the car he desires to take by being at the proper point 
when that car stops. Cars at these congested points so marked, will 
make only one stop. These points, often transfer points, are at corners 
where several lines meet or cross, and they require this scheme of more 
than one loading point. Forbes and Brady street transfer is a con- 
spicuous example. 

Consolidation of Routes.— In 1915 the Railways Company by 
the consolidation of four East End routes into two, made a material 
betterment of service to and from that section. These routes were to 
Wilkmsburg and the Highland Park sections. The company explains 
that one of the greatest difficulties in the traction problem in Pitts- 
burgh is the too great number of direct routes through the City. There 
are several times as many of such routes as in other cities of like size. 
The topography of the district and the absence of cross-town lines 
contribute largely to this cause. 

There are streets in Pittsburgh on which eight or ten different 
lines are operated, giving direct service to as many outlying communi- 
ties. Hence passengers to any particular district must necessarily 
wait eight or ten times as long for a car as if only one line were to 
run on a street, transferring, as in other cities, to cross-town lines. 

One reason why there are fewer transfers given in Pittsburgh 
is because direct routing and infrequent individual-route service has 
been adopted as the principle of operation rather than main trunk 
lines with a greater number of transfers, as in some cities. The consoli- 
dation of the routes noted above has increased the frequency of the 
service and tended also to insure regularity and the running of the cars 
as per schedule. 

That the improved service recently given Pittsburgh is expensive 
the company submits three items of cost, to wit: A new low floor steel 
motor car, $6,000.00; a mile of double track, $89,700.00; a mile of 
trolley wire, feeder, and poles, $10,000.00. 



38 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Fares. — Five cent fares are charged and on the interurban lines 
the city fare of five cents is exacted. Reasons are advanced to show 
that a five cent fare in hilly Pittsburgh is only one-half as much per 
passenger mile as a five cent fare in most level cities, because the popu- 
lation here follows the three rivers and the Pennsylvania Railroad in 
long narrow strips, the cars at places serving but one row of houses on 
each side of a street. 

Second, to go from one side of a hill in one valley to the other 
often requires a long detour, and, 

Third, hills require additional power. 

Transfers. — The system of transfers from one trolley line to 
another and to the inclines is generally regarded as arbitrary. It is 
the company's system. It is possible under this system to ride for 
miles for one fare and pay two fares within a comparatively short 
distance. There are no signs up indicating transfer points so that it is 
the part of wisdom for a stranger to inquire as to transferring upon 
entering the car, and if transfers are granted as requested, to ask for 
one upon paying his fare, "otherwise" says the company, "the con- 
ductor does not know you are entitled to a transfer." This rule it is 
well to remember. 

To begin with there are no transfer points down town. Going east 
on Forbes street transfers are given from all Forbes street cars in each 
direction to cars crossing the Twenty-second Street Bridge, at Brady 
street. These latter are on routes 54 and 59 and are marked "Forbes 
Street-Church Avenue Carrick" and "Forbes Street-Crailo Street 
Carrick." Conversely, transfers are given to all Forbes street cars. 
Inbound Second avenue lines under the north end of the bridge transfer 
to the cars on Routes 54 and 59 and the reverse. There are steps leading 
from the bridge to Second avenue. Forbes street Routes are num- 
bered as follows: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73 and 92. 

Second avenue lines are numbered 55, 56, 57 and 58. In summer 
cars run to Kenny wood Park, an amusement park opposite Braddock. 

Forbes and Craig streets is another great transfer point. This 
is one block beyond the Carnegie Library and Museum in Schenley 
Park. At Forbes and Craig transfers are given from the outer Forbes 
street . lines to lines to the East Liberty district, and conversely. 
These will be from cars on routes 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 and 80, 
going west, or inbound, to 71, 72, and 73 going east. Going east or 
out from the city, patrons are expected to take the desired East End car. 
East End and East Liberty are used in the same sense here, referring 
to the eastern portion of the city, lying north of Forbes street. In- 
bound cars on routes 71, 73, 91 and 92 transfer to outbound lines 
numbered 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 and 80 at Forbes and Craig streets. 

At Forbes and Atwood streets before reaching Craig street 
going East, or outbound, a car line routed as 81 runs from Atwood 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 39 

street and Forbes on Atwood, Ward, Frazier and Bouquet streets. 
During the morning and evening rush hours these cars come into the 
city. Transfers are given each way to all Forbes street cars and vice 
versa from Forbes and Atwood streets. 

At Center avenue and Craig street is another important transfer 
point. Transfers are given here from all lines in the direction necessary. 
Transfers are necessary at this point to go in Center avenue or towards 
the city from lines numbered 71 and 72, to line numbered 82. 
To go to the business section or to the Schenley Park district transfer 
from outbound Route 82 to Routes 71 and 92, from inbound 82 trans- 
fer at Center and Negley and Center and Millvale respectively. To 
go to the Bloomfield district transfer from Route 82 to 72; to go to the 
Highland Park section transfer from Route 82 to 71. The Route 82 
over the hill now called Schenley Heights and down town via Center 
avenue is the shortest route from the East End to the Old City 
business section. 

Penn and Negley avenues is a transfer point — from inbound 
cars on Route 71 to all lines on Penn avenue, at that point and 
in each direction and the reverse. Penn avenue cars here are on 
Routes numbered 88, 89, 91 and 98, out-bound and 79, 88, 89 and 98 
inbound, or towards the downtown district. - Note cars on Route 88, 
89 and 98 proceed both ways on Penn avenue and 79 one way. It is 
the outside loop of the circle line that goes out Forbes street. Trans- 
fers may be made at this point to cars on Route 96 — Penn, Negley via 
Butler street, which reaches the city via Negley, Stanton avenues, 
Jancy and Butler streets and Penn avenue from Thirty-fourth street. 
Route 98 operates morning and evening only. 

At Penn and Negley avenues : — By the use of special two coupon 
transfers, the first coupon good on Penn avenue cars, points in the 
Morningside and Butler street districts may be reached by Route 96. 
To attain this, ask conductor for a two coupon transfer. 

At Penn and Highland avenues: — Transfer from Highland 
Park cars, Route 73, inbound, to Route 86, inbound, and from Penn 
avenue cars, both ways, and the reverse. 

At Penn and Center avenues, two blocks east; from outbound 
Center avenue cars, Route 82, to outbound Shady avenue cars, Route 
91, and outbound Larimer cars Route 98, and the reverse. 

Center and Highland avenues: — Transfers from inbound, 
Routes 73 to 75 and 82, both ways, and the reverse. 

Penn and Frankstown avenues, East Liberty, from Routes 75 
and 79, inbound, to Routes 88, 89 and 98, outbound, and the reverse. 
Route 79, inbound, transfers to Route 82, both ways, and the reverse. 
Route 91, outbound, to Route 82, both ways. From inbound, West 
Wilkinsburg, Route 75, to Route 82, outbound. Ardmore cars, Route 
87, start from this point. 

Fifth and Penn avenues, Point Breeze: — From inbound cars, 
Route 75, to inbound, Route 76, that is, from West Wilkinsburg cars 
to Hamilton avenue. 



40 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Forbes and Shady avenues: — Transfers from inbound, Route 
60, to outbound, Route 79. From Route 91, inbound, to outbound, 
Routes 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, and the reverse. 

Forbes and Murray avenues: — From Routes 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 
and 91, inbound, to Homestead and East Pittsburgh cars, Routes 68 
and 80, outbound, and the reverse. 

Forbes and Braddock avenues: — From Routes 63, 64, 65, 66 
and 67 to Verona cars, and the reverse; and from Route 67, inbound, 
to Routes 63, 64, 65 and 66, outbound, and the reverse. 

At Penn avenue and Butler street, "Forks of the Road": — From 
inbound Butler street, Routes 93, 94, 95 and 96, to outbound Penn 
avenue cars, Routes 88, 89, 98, and the reverse. 

Federal and Ohio streets, North Side: — From inbound cars, 
Routes 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21 to outbound cars on Ohio 
street. At present it is necessary to walk two blocks east, to Sandusky 
street, to get Millvale car, Route 3, Millvale and Etna car, Route 2, 
and Troy Hill car, Route 1. 

Smithfield and Carson streets, South Side, Tunnel Lines;— 
All routes, inbound, transfer to Carson street cars, outbound, Routes 
50 and 51, and the reverse, including the interurban cars. 

At the south end of the tunnel Routes 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 
transfer to Routes 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 and the interurbans, both 
ways and the reverse. 

Transfers are given from Carson street cars, Routes 50 and 51, 
to the Castle Shannon incline, and to the Knoxville and Mt. Oliver 
inclines at Twelfth street, and also from Routes 52 and 53, at Twelfth 
street, to the inclines. 

At Carson and South Nineteenth streets, transfers are given 
from Routes 50, 51 and 52, to Route 54, the Carrick line to Forbes 
and Brady streets, and the reverse, both ways. 

At the head of South Eighteenth street, transfers are given 
from Routes 48 to 54, both ways and the reverse. 

, At Carson street and South Twenty-second street transfers are 
given from Routes 50 and 52 to the incline at the head of South 
Twenty-second, on Josephine street. 

There are various suburban transfers outside of the city, which 
can be found on inquiry of the conductors. 

TROLLEY LINES TO POINTS OUT OF CITY. 

Nearby boroughs and outlying districts as noted below are 
reached by trolley lines of the Pittsburgh Railways Company as 
herein stated: Avalon 13 and 14; Aspinwall, 93, 94 and 95; Baldwin 
Township, 46, Interurban, Hays Station and 56; Bellevue, 10, 13, 14, 
15 and 16; Ben Avon, 13; Braddock, 55, 67, and 80; Carnegie, 27; 
Carrick, 46, 53 and 54; Coraopolis, 23 and 24; Crafton, 27, 28, 29 and 
30; Dormont, 38, 42 and 43; Dravosburg, 56; Duquesne, 68; East 
McKeesport, Glassport and Wilmerding, from Wilmerding or McKees- 
port; East Pittsburgh, 55, 63 64, 80 and 87; Edgewood, 64 and 65; 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 41 

Ems worth, 13; Etna, 2; Glassport, Glassport and Wilmerding from 
Wilmerding and McKeesport; Hays, Homeville, 56; Heidelberg, 
Heidelberg Route from Carnegie; Homestead, 55, 60, 68 and 80; 
Hulton, Oakmont, Verona and Hulton from Forbes street and Braddock 
avenue; Ingram, 30 and 31; Knoxville, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53 and 54; Mill- 
vale, 2 and 3; Mifflin Township, 56 and 68; Mt. Lebanon, 38 and 42; 
Mt Oliver, 46, 47, 48, 53 and 54; Munhall, 55, 60, 68 and 80; McKees- 
port, 56, 68, Glassport and Wilmerding; McKees Rocks, 23 24, 25 and 
26; Neville Island, 23 and 24; North Braddock, 63, 64 65 and 87; 
North Versailles, Glassport and Wilmerding, from Wilmerding; Oak- 
mont, Oakmont, Verona and Hulton, from Forbes street and Braddock 
avenue; Patton, 63; Penn Township, Oakmont, Verona and Hulton, 
from Forbes street and Braddock avenue; Pitcairn, 63; Rankin, 55, 
67 and 80; Rosslyn Farms, 27; Ross Township, 10 and 15; Sewickley, 
23; Shaler Township, 2; Sharpsburg, 93,94, 95 and 56; St. Clair, Hays 
Station, 48; Stowe Township, 23, 24, 25, Schoen Transfer in McKees 
Rocks; Swissvale, 64, 65 and 67; Thornburg, 29; Trafford City, 63; 
Turtle Creek, 63 and 87; Verona, Oakmont, Verona and Hulton from 
Forbes street and Braddock avenue; West Homestead, 55 and 56; 
Whittaker, 55, 68 and 80; Wilkinsburg, 63, 64, 65, 66, 75, 76, 87, 88, 89, 
Oakmont, Verona and Hulton, from Forbes street and Braddock 
avenue; Wilmerding, 63. 87 Glassport and Wilmerding from McKees- 
port. Shaler Township points reached on Route No. 2 are along 
Pine Creek outside of Etna; Ross Township points reached on Routes 
Nos. 10 and 15 are contiguous to West View; Stowe Township lies 
below and around McKees Rocks; Hulton mentioned in the route 
designation is part of Oakmont Borough, the upper end and the former 
name of the place, the station still maintained by the Pennsylvania 
Railroad for its station there ; other boroughs not herein mentioned are 
reached by steam roads; some other explanations are necessary; 
Baldwin Township points on either side of Saw Mill Run and in the 
Saw Mill Run Valley are reached by the interurban cars to Washington 
and Charleroi; Route 46 proceeds out the Brownsville road, and 
Route 56 to Hays Station reaches that portion of the township along 
Streets Run and the Monongahela River; the interurban lines and 
the other lines are miles apart; Mifflin Township points reached by 
Routes 56 and 68 are widely separate; the latter will take passengers 
to Lincoln Place. 



CHAPTER II 

In and About tlie City 

Pittsburgh Districts, Contiguous and other Boroughs 

Topography and Its Relations to Travel. — The physical features 
of Pittsburgh must be taken into consideration when instructing 
strangers how to get about the City. Such may find themselves at 
times cut off in the direction in which they wish to proceed by pre- 
cipitous bluffs, deep ravines or high hills and though these may have 
streets leading up them, the climb is not inviting. The topographical 
situation presented many difficulties that had to be overcome before 
an adequate system of local passenger traffic could be shaped — one that 
would prove reasonably satisfactory. The installation of the electric 
trolley system and the completion of the tunnels through the South 
Hills have done much to render street car service in Pittsburgh vastly 
superior to previous conditions. 

Naturally, the visitor confronted by the curious topographical 
outlook is puzzled and begins to doubt his ability to tour the City without 
getting lost or making repeated inquiries how to proceed. Pittsburgh 
is "easy" enough when you know it, and it is not hard to learn. Like 
any other place it has its landmarks, prominent and easily dis- 
tinguished. Then, too, the skyscraper architecture presenting many 
different phases can be invoked here and there with good results for 
one to obtain his bearings. 

In the early years of the City it was built mainly upon the 
bottom lands along the rivers, the main city between the Mononga- 
hela and Allegheny; gradually the population spread to the hills, and 
the roads that led to these hills became better and more numerous, 
changing into paved streets, certain of which have become main thorough- 
fares and now followed by trolley routes. In the narrow limits of the 
triangular downtown business section it can readily be seen that there 
are no cross lines. Travel radiates from the center of a comparatively 
small area and to all points of the compass. Nearly all car routes down 
town are "loop routes," that is to say they turn around a block and 
come back often within the same distance to the street from which they 
turned off to make the loop. Several lines terminating at the Pennsyl- 
vania Station are exceptions to this rule. All such things are to be 
learned. Topography makes many things necessary in Pittsburgh 
that are not at all so in other cities and such things appear odd to those 

42 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 43 

not used to them and those who cannot know or appreciate the necessity 
of them. It is not intended to ask the stranger to memorize the 
different trolley routes or their ramifications even in the downtown 
section. The point to be remembered is, that one may take a car 
going apparently in the direction he wishes and finds himself shortly 
going in a contrary direction. It -is wisdom for strangers to ask the 
conductor if the car he is about to enter will take one where he desires, 
for there are many cars in the rush hours that do not proceed to the 
terminals, but are turned back sometimes several miles short of them. 
The old # and well-worn dictum "Be sure you're right, then go ahead," 
is especially applicable in Pittsburgh. Street car and other public 
service employees are instructed to be courteous and are rarely other- 
wise. Pittsburgh is a busy place. There is always a hurry and bustle, 
and the downtown streets will be found crowded. A stranger may be 
answered curtly, even briefly, but generally satisfactorily. If the 
answer appear disa urteous it is well to remember that no offense is 
intended. _ It may b.i only the way of a brusque individual. If nec- 
essary insist on getting definite and satisfactory information and it 
will be forth coming. Pittsburgh people are quick — they partake 
more of the characteristics of the West than the East, and it is a rare 
visitor who goes away from the City otherwise than pleased. 

Much, of the above has been thought necessary to say because 
the situation the visitor finds himself in may require inquiries and he 
must not hesitate to inquire. He will find few who will not kindly 
give him all information possible. A mail carrier and a policeman are 
presumed to be posted as to localities, -especially the locality where 
met. 

In proceeding from one section of the City to another the various 
bridges, the inclined planes leading to the hill tops, and some short 
cuts for pedestrians and autos, must find mention in this guide book as 
proper things to know. Knowledge of transfer points on the trolley 
lines, traffic regulations, especially down town, the location of public 
comfort stations is also essential and many more things might be men- 
tioned here that will come in proper place. 

Local Names. — Pittsburgh, like many old cities, still adheres to 
the local names of former municipalities long incorporated into the 
City, and also to old time designations in describing certain sections. 
Thus an inquirer may be told that a certain street is in Soho, Manchester, 
Lawrenceville, East Liberty, Homewood, etc. These local names need 
explanation. (See Pittsburgh Districts, Located and Defined," page 53.) 

Some local names of sections of the City have become obsolete 
in the lapse of years; Bayardstown and Pipetown for instance, though 
occasionally heard: Bayardstown referring to that section from Eleventh 
street to Thirtieth street between the Allegheny river and the 
Pennsylvania Railroad tracks parallel to Liberty avenue ; and Pipetown 
to that section along Second avenue above the Pan Handle Railroad 
crossing as far as South Tenth Street Bridge between the Monongahela 
River and Boyd's Hill. 



44 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Soho, Oakland, Fast Liberty, Hazelwood and Woods Run are 
also designations in common use. None of these mentioned were ever 
separate municipalities. They are distinctly local names. 

There are numerous centers in the City besides these just men- 
tioned — names of former boroughs each formerly individual, that have 
from time to time been taken into the City, and though long parts of the 
city these localities are quite commonly referred to by their old names. 
It is sometimes more convenient to refer to a street, point or place from 
these old time names than otherwise. Some are carried on the trolley 
cars as route designations thus: Mt. Washington, Beltzhoover, Beech- 
view, West Liberty, Elliott. Sheraden. etc. All these local names will 
be alphabetically arranged and described in a list of Pittsburgh districts 
in the latter part of this book, to which reference can be had. (See 
page 53.) 

Perhaps the most common of these former municipal names yet 
in use is Allegheny, referring to the North Side of the City of Pittsburgh, 
and formerly (pric r to 1907), a separate municipality under the corporate 
name City of Allegheny. 

A row of separate municipalities or boroughs, on the south side 
of the Monongahela River, annexed to the City in 1874, is now referred 
to as a whole by the designation "South Side," which is commonly 
taken as the flat or that portion between the Monongahela River and 
the hills; from the Point Bridge down, as the "West End." Some- 
times, however, old borough names will be mentioned, such as 
"Birmingham," by which the South Side will be meant. South Pitts- 
burgh is never heard now. 

The South Side Hills sections have their local names also, which 
will be explained in the list appended. A proper understanding of 
these local names is essential and it will be found convenient to refer to 
this list frequently in touring the city. 

Along the Wharves. — Remember the street along the Mononga- 
hela river and wharf is Water street and the street along the Allegheny 
river and wharf is Duquesne way, and these two meet at the Point, 
or sharp vertex of the triangle formed by the two rivers. Across the 
Allegheny, on the North Side, the street along the river is River 
avenue, beginning at the Federal Street Bridge, below that but a road- 
way. 

Downtown Streets. — Two main thoroughfares, Penn avenue and 
Liberty avenue, parallel the Allegheny river as far as Thirty-fourth 
street, east, where each makes a slight turn to the right or to the south, 
each gradually diverging from the river. At Penn avenue and Thirty- 
fourth street the left hand street is Butler and the locality often 
called the "Forks of the Road," an old time term. From Thirty- 
fourth street in, or west, the streets cross Penn avenue to Liberty 
at right angles, except Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, which 
do not cross. Downtown certain of these cross streets are opposite 
or nearly opposite certain avenues and other main streets of the 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 45 

business section, hence much used. Thus Fourth avenue and Fourth 
or Fancourt street, Diamond street nearly opposite Stanwix, formerly 
Fifth street. Fifth avenue was extended through to Penn by 
widening Cecil way (or alley). FederaJ street is opposite Market 
street on Liberty avenue. Seventh street is opposite Sixth avenue; 
Eighth street (changed to Ellsmere and then back to Eighth) is 
opposite Wood; Seventh avenue begins on Liberty above Anderson 
(Ninth) street; Oliver avenue begins on Liberty nearly opposite 
Federal street (Sixth). 

In the triangle formed by the rivers the streets running from 
the Monongahela River to Liberty avenue cross the numbered avenues, 
Diamond street and Oliver avenue at right angles, thus forming 
regular squares or rectangular blocks, but at Liberty avenue the streets 
from the Monongahela River join at an angle on the left, forming 
triangular blocks, sometimes small in regular flatiron style; thus at 
Smithfield street, Seventh avenue and Liberty avenue; Wood street, 
Sixth avenue and Liberty; Market, Fifth avenue and Liberty; and the 
Wabash Station occupies the triangle between Ferry street, Fourth 
and Liberty avenues. 

It often happens that a stranger turns off Liberty avenue and in 
a few minutes finds himself back on that thoroughfare, having followed 
the triangle. A little care will obviate this tendency. There are now 
no alleys in Pittsburgh, the term having been officially changed to 
"Way" by ordinance of the Council, the law-making body of the City. 
Hence all ways are alleys exceot Duquesne way, which is both a street 
and a wharf. In some instances a street is designated a " Place," whereas 
it is really a street; thus "Washington Place," formerly Washington 
street, named in honor of Washington while he was alive, and forming 
the original eastern line of the town as surveyed for the heirs of Wm. 
Penn in 1784. 

Street Signs.— It is well to know all these things, so that on 
being directed to a certain "Way," on reaching it you recognize what is 
known to you as an alley, and to a certain "Place," you come to what 
is really a street. However, to help strangers, the city streets have 
recently been neatly designated by enameled signs on posts at the 
corners and also on the corner houses. 

Markets and Diamonds. — The City maintains five markets, as 
follows: The Diamond market in Diamond square; the Duquesne 
market on Duquesne way, at Sandusky street (Seventh); the North 
Side market, at Federal and Ohio streets, and the South Side market 
in the square between Carson and Bingham streets in South Twelfth 
street. Recently the City has erected a shelter shed for the Farmers' 
market on the Monongahela wharf at Ferry street. The Duquesne 
market on the Allegheny wharf is also a farmers' market. In the re- 
naming of the streets made necessary by the annexation of the former 
city of Allegheny, on account of so many duplicate names, the streets 
formerly known as North Diamond, East, West and South Diamond 



46 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

in Allegheny, have been changed to Moody, Weiser, Stobo and Burd, 
respectively, these streets really forming the Diamond and extending 
beyond it. The territory within the corporate limits of Allegheny is 
now called the North Side of Pittsburgh, hence the market maintained 
by the former City of Allegheny is known as the North Side market. 
The square bounding the market houses in peninsular Pittsburgh, the 
original city, since it was plotted has been referred to as a whole, as 
"The Diamond Square" or simply as "The Diamond." This is 
especially the designation used by residents of the Old City of Pitts- 
burgh, and by those dwelling on the South Side of the City. Although 
names have been given the streets in the square, the familiar and old 
terms — "The Diamond" and "Diamond Square" are still in use. 
These streets are Graeme, from Fifth avenue to Byng street or the 
north side of the square; Byng street, the west side; Drummond, the 
south side, and Marjorie street, the east side; Market place is some- 
times heard also. Little heed may be paid to these names unless 
specifically directed to them. Residents of peninsular Pittsburgh and 
the South Side, must distinguish the "Diamond Market," and the 
market and square of former Allegheny is most frequently referred to 
as the "Allegheny Market" and the "Allegheny Diamond." The 
little park at the south western corner of this "Diamond" and across 
Federal street from the market house, is now called "Haymarket 
Square " from having been used as a farmers' market for that commodity 
up to the time of the annexation of the North Side city. The 
name "The Diamond" still applies here in a manner, and in referring 
to the market square on the North Side, one often hears it called North 
Diamond, and in keeping with this correct appellation, the United 
States postal authorities changed the name of the post office from 
"Allegheny" to "North Diamond" and made it a station of the 
Pittsburgh Postomce. The old Diamond square in Pittsburgh will 
continue to be referred to as the "Diamond," or "Diamond Square." 
The market houses, on each side of Market street, in the "square" 
are of recent construction (1915-1916), and take the place of the 
historic houses erected in 1851, with the improvement of having 
Diamond street, formerly an alley, pass through the new buildings. 
In this square; facing Liberty avenue, was the first Court House of 
the County of Allegheny, with the market house and sheds surrounding 
it. Mention of these with other historical matter pertaining to the site 
will be inserted in the history and description of Market street in 
Chapter III. The South Side market is referred to usually as such, 
sometimes as the Twelfth Street market, but this term applies only 
on the south side of the Monongahela. The market house here is new 
and modern, taking the place of one destroyed by fire in 1914. Farmers, 
with their produce patronize all of the markets; on the Monongahela 
wharf, sales are made from their wagons. There is no public^ market 
in the East End section. A modern and appropriate building was 
erected by a private corporation about 1900, in the square between 
Center avenue and the Baum boulevard at Beatty street, and was 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 47 

called the "East End Market" but after a few years was discontinued 
for lack of patronage, and the building devoted to other purposes. 
It is now known as the "Motor Square Garden. " 

Streets and Street Names. — Upon the annexation of the former 
City of Allegheny, in December, 1907, and some territory on the South 
Hills shortly afterwards, it was discovered that there were many 
duplicated street names, in some cases the same name borne by five and 
even six streets in various parts of the City. Hence the necessity for 
many changes in street names. The names of more than a thousand 
streets have been changed since 1908 and some since that year, and 
there are cases where the old name has been again bestowed. To make 
sure of any desired street it will always be best to refer to the latest 
city directory or to the latest street guide to be had at the news stands. 
Downtown main thoroughfares have not been changed excepting the 
bridge streets, Sixth and Ninth, which have taken the names of their 
North Side portions, that is the names by which they were officially 
known and designated by the former municipality of Allegheny. 
Practically Sixth street and Federal are the same, Seventh and San- 
dusky the same, and Ninth and Anderson. But confusion may arise 
by reference to the bridge names. On the North Side, for instance, 
one hears of the Federal Street Bridge and in the Old City, of the Sixth 
Street Bridge. Remember this is the same bridge, and in referring 
to the Old City end, one is apt to hear the street called Sixth as Federal. 
The same is true of Sandusky or Seventh street, and Anderson or 
Ninth street. 

By the term "Old City" is meant that part of Pittsburgh as it 
existed before the annexation of the North Side, or the original Pitts- 
burgh. When the territory south of the Monongahela River is men- 
tioned, it will be referred to as the South Side. The term East End, 
or East Liberty, will mean the eastern extension of the original city. 

NUMBERED STREETS AND AVENUES. 

In 1868, upon the annexation of this eastern territory, all streets 
running from Liberty avenue, Penn avenue and Butler street to the 
Allegheny River were numbered consecutively to Fifty-seventh street, 
and all the former names were dropped. In the recent street renaming, 
the first three of these numbered cross streets have been given names 
again but not their former and original names, hence one may often 
hear these three mentioned by their original number designations. 
These are Third street, now Barbeau; Fourth street, now Fancourt; 
and Fifth street, now Stanwix. This latter street has become a business 
street and marks the terminals of a number of car lines that make the 
loops from the Federal Street Bridge via Duquesne way, or the street 
along the Allegheny River in the Old City; these cars returning on 
Penn or Liberty avenues. Stanwix street will be as often referred 
to as Fifth street and to be distinguished from Fifth avenue, which 
begins on Penn avenue, one block east. 



48 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Again, if walking along Penn or Liberty avenues it will not 
answer to count the streets, for between Barbeau and the Monongahela 
river or Water street, three numbered streets were vacated for the 
railroad yards in the compact between the City of Pittsburgh and the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, by which the latter corporation in 
1904 removed their tracks from Liberty avenue, and^were given the 
right of way on Duquesne way for their elevated road from Eleventh 
street to the Point. 

All the streets between Liberty avenue and the Allegheny 
river as far as Thirty- third street are short thoroughfares and except 
Stanwix, the three bridge streets, Tenth street, where the Fort Pitt 
Hotel fronts, and Eleventh street, leading to the Pennsylvania Station, 
none of them are important to the casual visitor. 

Downtown thoroughfares called avenues, and numbered, were 
originally designated as streets by the ordinals; but changed in 1868 
to avenues to distinguish from the numbered streets running towards 
the Allegheny river. Walking along any street that crosses these 
avenues such as First, Second, etc., Wood and Smithfield streets, it 
will not do to count the blocks for the obtaining of the proper number 
in order, for Diamond street, widened from an alley of the same 
name, comes in between Fourth and Fifth avenues, and Oliver 
avenue, widened, formerly Virgin alley, comes between Fifth and 
Sixth avenues. In estimating blocks by these numbered avenues 
allow for these two streets. 

NUMBERED STREETS ON SOUTH SIDE. 

Again in regard to numbered streets, care must be observed 
in reference to whether the street designated by number is in the Old 
City or on the South Side, where the numbers run to Thirty-six. In 
1874, when this section was annexed to Pittsburgh, all the streets 
from the Smithfield Street Bridge east were numbered. To these the 
word South was prefixed, so that there is a wide difference between 
Eighteenth street and South Eighteenth street, the former nearly 
all vacated for the produce yards of the Pennsylvania Railroad ; leaving 
but a few bouses between Penn avenue and the railroad tracks, while 
South Eighteenth street is a long thoroughfare extending from the 
Monongahela River, passing under the tracks of the Monongahela 
Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad and proceeding up the hill to 
Arlington avenue, the City line, the street continuing south in the 
boroughs of Knoxville and Mt. Oliver as Southern avenue and further 
out in the borough of Carrick as the Brownsville road, and some- 
times referred to in the city from its old name the Brownsville road, 
and also as the Eighteenth Street road, and to be distinguished from 
Brownsville avenue, which leads up the hill from Carson street, more 
than a mile to the west. 

Distinctions to be Observed. — More than one book descrip- 
tive of Pittsburgh has confused Penn avenue and Pennsylvania 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 49 

avenue, taking the short word for an abbreviation of the State name 

£X^ n ? 6 ' aS 0l i aS the City ' and commemorating William Penn 
is the old time northern wagon road into the city, and it is possible 
£ ffimn f?l° ad J? Phi i adel P^a, hence it was in early daysWn 
S ™ adel P h * a Pl ke and also as the Greensburg Pikef from passing 

iroX^lT 1 ' thG foSt tOWn ° f ^ SiZe ° n thQ r ° ad g " ing eas! 

mm, Q ^ nSy K Vania ^ ? Vei l Ue w as once the name of that portion of 
Fifth avenue beyond the turn at Ross street, the turn made when the 

STfn££r A^f t0 ^ aV6nUe V Penn ^ania avenue is now 
the former Allegheny City street of that name and at least a mile 
from Penn avenue at its nearest point. 

q^rt, ^ ga l n ' th f\ are books which locate the Duquesne Club on 

reverse right AV6nUe Brid g e ~ each wrong-the 

THE SCHENLEY FARMS. 

hpfrop J h £- f dl > trict kn °wn as Schenley Farms includes all the ground 
between Fifth avenue and Center avenue, from Bouquet street to 
Bellefield avenue The Schenley holdings extended Across Forbes 
street and included all of what is now known as Schenley Park but 
the term Schenley Farms is applied to that portion on the north side 
of Fifth avenue It is interesting to know that this property was deeded 
by the heirs, of William Penn to Edward Smith, January 24 * 1791 for 
a consideration of three hundred and ten pounds sterling and subject 
to a quit rent of one pepper corn, a curious instance of old English 
tenures. For one hundred and four years the property has beef n 
the possession of the O'Hara family. General James O'Hara a Pitts" 
burgh pioneer and soldier of the Revolution ; his daughter Mary, wife of 
William Croghan and Mary Elizabeth Schenley, their daughter and 
3 Y v W^ e ° f S^ pt - Edward Wi ndham Harrington Schenlev of 
1S42 t?f h RT T\ Capta ? Sc K nley and his wife were married in 
St C v Pl ? ha cS ng eloped from a boarding school on Staten 
vif .,f ; f w Y ?^ She , was a sc i° o1 Sirl of sixteen at the time and he a 
n W An^ aterl0 ° a ? d °^ er E . uro P ean wars, upwards of fifty years 
Kflkh, J»? W P -l° P u Tt L t ^ mg ^ nam c,rendering it a common name in 
• ul /?• ' ■} Xt S A h , 0uld be under stood that the property was in the 
right of his wife After five years' residence in Pittsburgh, the couple 
returned to England and resided in London the rest of thdr Hves 

MTsctSeTfn l"^ <**** ***** ** fa 1878 a » d 
rWV, "S h{ l Q A the Property was in possession of the Schenleys, from the 
death of Mrs Schenley's father in 1850 until the Schenley Farms 
Company purchased the tract, April, 1905, it was the policy of the 
owners during all these years to lease the property of the estate, includ- 
™^f Schenley Farms, rather than to sell or improve it, hence there 
11 S l h reslde P tlal sectl on of Pittsburgh, known as Bellefield a 
well-tilled farm, with the old style barn and farm house used in the 



50 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

later years of Mrs. Schenley's life as a dairy farm. After her death, 
under the terms of her American will, all the Schenley holdings in 
Pittsburgh, approximating millions in value, were placed in the hands 
of Andrew Carnegie, Denny Brereton and J. W. Herron, as executors 
and trustees, with instructions to sell all of her Pittsburgh property as 
occasion offered. The tract of land across Fifth avenue, between 
Fifth avenue and Forbes street, was sold to different parties, the 
Schenley Hotel lot to the Hotel Company, and the Schenley Tract 
now known as Schenley Park, was donated by Mrs. Schenley to the 
City for park purposes about 1890, with the stipulation that the park 
should be called Schenley Park. From this the name has spread, so 
that we now have other designations under her married name. The 
property across Center avenue that belonged to the Schenley Farms 



! * " 






k m 






M 






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" ;' v -' 


jjQJgi 


! 




^m 


i 







ON THE BOULEVARD SCHENLEY FARMS 

Tract was but a narrow strip ; this and the Center avenue high ground 
of the Schenley Farms Tract is now known as Schenley Heights. Geo- 
graphically, the Schenley Farms Tract lies in the center of Greater 
Pittsburgh. It is reached by many car lines on Fifth avenue and 
Forbes street in fourteen minutes from the business section downtown ; 
twelve minues from East Liberty; about, fifteen minutes from the South 
Side and'the same from Wilkinsburg, and from twenty to twenty-five 
minutes from Allegheny, now the North Side of Pittsburgh and the 
same time from Braddock and Homestead. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 51 

The Schenley Farms Tract covers an area half-a-mile long and 
a quarter of a mile wide, the ground gradually rising on an average grade 
of six per cent, fiom Fifth avenue to Center avenue, from which point 
it overlooks the entire park section and the Carnegie Institute of 
Technology adjoining. Since the Schenley Farms Company put the 
property on the market, it has been improved in every way; modern 
paved streets, sewerage, modern lighting and rigid building restrictions 
have tended to make this tract one of the most beautiful in any city. 
The landscape gardener has also acted his part, so that the visitor will 
see the hillsides banked by artistic stone walls and covered with vines. 
Even trees and beautiful shrubs throughout the tract give a uniform 
park effect. A great part of the tract has been occupied by the buildings 
of the University of Pittsburgh which will be mentioned in the descrip- 
tion of the University. The ground occupied by the Memorial Hall and 
its lawns was purchased from the Schenley Farms Company. Schenley 
Farms is not only a section unique in topography but surprising for the 
character and magnificence of its architecture. In addition to the 
buildings of the University of Pittsburgh, there have been erected on 
it within the last decade, those of the Twentieth Century Club, 
the University Club, the Pittsburgh Athletic Association, the 18th 
Regiment Armory, the New Masonic Temple, the Knights of Columbus 
Temple, and the Syria Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. 
The City has erected a Public High School building fronting on Center 
avenue extending from Grant boulevard to Bellefield avenue at a cost 
of a million dollars. 

The Grant boulevard and its branches which intersect the 
tract are favorite grounds for automobiling. A trip by automobile 
from the Farms to the City requires about eight minutes via the Grant 
Boulevard. If the sub-ways ever come, as is expected, two stations will 
be located on the tract, one at the corner of Bouquet and O'Hara streets, 
and the other at the corner of Center avenue and the Grant boule- 
vard. The character of the residential portions of the tract speaks for 
itself. The public and other large buildings on the tract will be noted 
separately under their own heafds. 

Boulevards. — Pittsburgh has three boulevards that are virtually 
one — the Grant beginning on Webster avenue at Gazette square, 
extending along the hillside above the tracks of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad to Thirty-third street, skirting the north slope of Herron 
Hill, and proceeding through Schenley Farms enters Schenley Park 
at the lower Forbes street entrance. Coming out of the park the 
boulevard, now called the "Beechwood", winds around a beautiful 
suburban section at several places high above the Monongahela River, 
with an excellent view of the river and the Homestead region. It 
turns and crosses Fifth avenue at Point Breeze. From this point to 
the Allegheny River the boulevard is called the Washington boulevard. 
It is a charming driveway totalling 1 1 y 2 miles and much'used by auto- 
mobiles. 



52 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Then there is the Baum boulevard from the Atherton avenue 
bridge to South Highland avenue, fine residences are distributed along 
the Beechwood and Washington boulevards and the Herron Hill sec- 
tion of the Grant. The name "Beechwood" applied to the boulevard 
was changed to "William Pitt" a few years ago but has been changed 
back to the former and more acceptable designation. No cars pass 
along the boulevards. An attempt to utilize the Grant for a trolley route 
was frustrated by the Courts. Forbes street lines parallel the Beech- 
wood at the Homewood Cemetery: Routes 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 79 and 
80 will answer to reach that point and a delightful walk to Schenley Park 




RESIDENCE SECTION SCHENLEY FARMS 

or eastward along the winding driveway will afford great pleasure. 
Homestead cars turning into Murray avenue, routes 60, 68 and 80 cross 
the boulevard on a high bridge. This route from Forbes street to the 
river is a romantic one and will repay a trip in the enjoyment obtained. 
All Fifth avenue and Forbes street lines as listed under directions to 
reach Hotel Schenley, Carnegie Institute, etc., cross the Grant boule- 
vard. On the North Side the Watsonia boulevard in the Riverview 
park neighborhood is in a fine and high residence section, reached by 
Route 8. For variations of scenery, woodland valleys, hills, river, 
residences, public buildings, the boulevards of Pittsburgh are unique 
and unequalled* 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 53 

PITTSBURGH DISTRICTS LOCATED AND DEFINED. 

There are numerous centers of Pittsburgh which have their 
individual business thoroughfares, and are frequently mentioned 
locally in speaking of the different parts of the city. Some of these 
districts or "centers" were formerly boroughs, but have been annexed 
to the city, and are still referred to under the old municipal title, such 
as Beltzhoover, Beechview, Allentown, and others; other sections of 
the city have local names covering indefinite boundaries, such as 
Soho, Bloomfield, Glenwood, Garfield, and others — never corporate 
bodies in the sense of a borough or town. It is very often more con- 
venient to locate a certain street, point, place or building through the 
use of these district names than otherwise. Then, the fact that the 
trolley lines carry many of these district designations, as designating 
routes, and placing the names on the cars in different colors, has led 
to the retaining of the different district appellations. In the foregoing 
list these "centers" and former boroughs are listed alphabetically, with 
the mention of each that is considered essential. 

Allegheny. — The former city of that name, now referred to as 
the "North Side." It includes all the territory within the municipal 
limits of Pittsburgh north of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers, in which 
are local sub-districts known as Brunot's Island, Fineview, Manches- 
ter, Troy Hill, Spring Hill and Woods Run. Its former fifteen wards 
have been reduced to seven, and numbered 21 to 27, inclusive. 

Allentown: — a former borough in the South Hills overlooking 
the South Side, and stretching back through the hills on a line with the 
boroughs of Knoxville and Mount Oliver. Allentown was made part 
of the city in the annexation of the South Side boroughs in 1874; it 
may be defined as that section of the South Side hills between the 
head of the Twelfth street incline and Beltzhoover avenue. It is 
both a business and a residential district; Warrington avenue is the 
main business street, and is reached by cars on Routes 45, 46, 47, 48, 
49, 53 and 54, tmd is- now part of the Eighteenth Ward of the City. 
Transfer from Routes 53 and 54 to Route 48. 

Arlington Heights: — The residence district of the South Hills, 
reached by Arlington avenue cars 48 through the Mount Washing- 
ton tunnel and by the St. Clair incline at South Twenty-second and 
Josephine streets. It is exclusively a residence district. It adjoins 
St. Clair borough, and is now included in the Sixteenth Ward of Pitts- 
burgh. 

Beechview: — The former borough of this name was annexed to 
the City in 1909. It is a beautiful residence section lying beyond the 
South Hills, and is reached by cars on Routes 42 and 43, which proceed 
through the Mount Washington tunnel from the south end of Smith - 
field street. It is now part of the Nineteenth Ward. 

Bellefield: — This is the eastern portion of the Oakland district, 
and may be defined as being located between Boquet and Craig streets 



54 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

and Forbes street and Center avenue, including the Schenley Farms 
Tract. It was never a borough or separate municipality, but a fancy 
name which has been applied to that section for many years. It was 
originally an exclusive residence district, but its character has changed 
through the opening of the Schenley Farms Tract, and the numerous 
public buildings that have been erected on that tract. Bellefield is 
reached by cars on routes through Fifth avenue, numbered 63, 66, 
68, 73, 75, 76, 79 and 80; Forbes street, Nos. 64, 65, 67, 71, 72 and 79; 
and Center avenue Nos. 82 and 83. 

Belmar: — Belmar is the section of the Homewood district which 
lies north of Frankstown avenue as far as Spencer street, between 
Murtland street and the City line^ the plot includes the large area 
once known as the Homewood Driving Park, a celebrated park at one 
time that was used for race track purposes thirty-five years ago. 
Belmar is reached by Frankstown avenue cars on Route 88. 

Beltzhoover: — This was a former borough annexed to the City 
in 1898, now part of the Eighteenth Ward, and adjoins Allentown and 
McKinley Park. It is reached by Routes 44, 45 and 49, proceeding 
through the Mount Washington tunnel. 

Bloomfield: — This is a large section of the City extending from 
Penn avenue, about Thirty-seventh street to Mill vale avenue, although 
some maps of Pittsburgh show the district further to the east. The 
southern boundary is the Pennsylvania Railroad. Bloomfield was never 
a borough or a municipality. It is reached by cars on Routes 
72 and 92; also by the East Liberty Express, No. 86; and Frankstown 
avenue, Route No. 88. Originally part of Bloomfield ^ was included 
in the old borough of Lawrenceville; another part of it was Liberty 
township; the whole district was part of the territory annexed to the 
City in 1868. Most of it is now included in the Eighth Ward, but it 
was formerly the Sixteenth Ward, that is, prior to the annexation of 
the North Side, and the renumbering of the wards. 

Birmingham: — This is the old name of a South Side borough 
and is still the designation of that borough's territory that 
was annexed to the City with the > other South Side bor- 
oughs in 1874. It included the district on the south side of 
the Monongahela River from South Seventh street to South 
Seventeenth street, and from the river to the hills, where the tracks of 
the Monongahela division of the Pennsylvania Railroad skirt the hills. 
It is now part of the Sixteenth Ward, and is both a residence and a 
manufacturing section. Many of the old dwellings are now occupied 
by foreigners, who work in the large industrial establishments of the 
South Side. Carson street is the main business street of the section 
on which are routed cars Nos. 50, 51 and 52; also the Carrick cars 
No. 53, via the Second Avenue Bridge. From South Seventeenth 
street to South Twenty-eighth street is the widest portion of the South 
Side flat. This was originally the Borough of East Birmingham, 
which was annexed to the City in 1874. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 55 

Brookline: — Brookline is a residence district in the South Hills 
in the extreme southern part of the City, annexed in 1909, now part of 
the Nineteenth Ward. It lies south of West Liberty avenue, and is 
becoming noted for its many fine residences. It is reached by Brook- 
line cars, Route 39, through the Mount Washington tunnel. 

Brunot's Island: — A large island at the head of the Ohio River, 
close to the south shore ; originally part of the old Ninth Ward of the City 
of Allegheny, now part of the Twenty-seventh Ward. The island was 
originally gardened entirely on account of its fine soil, but now there 
is on it only a power plant of the Pittsburgh Railways Company, and 
the race track; it is reached by cars on McKees Rocks, Routes 
23, 24, 25 and 26. 

Brushton: — Brushton was included in the district embodied in 
the borough of that name, which was annexed by the City in 1895. The 
name was formerly given to a station on the Pennsylvania Railroad at 
Brushton avenue which has since been abandoned. Brushton has both 
a residence and business section; the business street is known as Brush- 
ton avenue. It is reached by Frankstown avenue cars on Route 
88, and Hamilton avenue cars Route 76. It is in the eastern part 
of the City and adjoins Wilkinsburg. 

Duquesne Heights: — The high ground of Mount Washington, 
between Olympia and Republic streets, and on the brow of the hill 
overlooking the Monongahela River and extending back to the Saw 
Mill Run Valley. With the exception of a few stores along Grandview 
avenue, it is entirely a residence district. The "Heights" is part of 
the new Nineteenth Ward, and is reached by the Duquesne Inclinei 
on West Carson street below the Point Bridge, and cars on Route 40 
through the Mount Washington tunnel to Grandview avenue and 
Oneida street. The view from the Heights is especially pleasing, and 
a trip to that point is of more than ordinary interest to a stranger. 

East Liberty: — This term is sometimes applied to the entire 
East End of the City, but not correctly. The name was at first applied 
to the village around what is now the junction of Center, Perm and 
Frankstown avenues. The Pennsylvania Railroad applied the name 
to a suburban station which is still maintained, although its suburban 
character has long since departed. The boundaries of the district are 
indefinite, and may be said to extend from the Pennsylvania Railroad 
to Highland Park, and as far west as Rebecca street. The East Liberty 
district originally was part of several townships, and upon its annexation 
to the City, became the old Nineteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-first 
Wards, and in the renumbering has been divided between the Eighth, 
Eleventh and Twelfth Wards. The district is traversed by many car 
lines on Penn, Frankstown and Center avenues, and by the East Liberty 
Express, as follows: Center and Negley, No. 71; Highland Park, No. 
73; Forbes, Shady and Penn, No. 79; Center and Lincoln, No. 82; 
Frankstown, No. 88; Forbes, No. 91; Larimer, No. 98; Penn and 
Negley via Butler, No. 96; East Liberty Express, No. 86, via Liberty 
avenue. 



56 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Elliott: — Originally a borough, lying beyond the old Thirty- 
sixth Ward; this is now part of the Twentieth Ward, and was annexed 
to the City in 1905. It is reached by West End cars on Routes 34 and 
35, via the Point Bridge. 

Esplen: — A former borough lying along the Ohio River, and 
Chartiers Creek, annexed to the City in 1906. It lies opposite the 
large manufacturing town of McKees Rocks which is on the west side 
of the creek. Esplen is the western limit of the City on the south side 
of the Ohio River. It is now part of the Twentieth Ward. It is reached 
by cars on Routes 23, 24, 25 and 26, and by local trains on the 
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad to McKees Rocks station. Esplen 
is a residence district. 

Fineview: — This term has been applied to Nunnery Hill on the 
North Side by councilmanic action, and is the designation of a car line, 
Route 21, making the loop at Lacock street and Federal street on 
the North Side, and not crossing to the business section of the old city 
of Pittsburgh. Nunnery Hill comprises the plateau east of Perrys- 
ville avenue, and overlooks the flat section of the city, East street 
and the Spring Garden valley. This hill was part of the former Twelfth 
Ward of Allegheny, and is now in the Twenty-fifth Ward of Pittsburgh. 
There are transfers from Federal street cars to Fineview Line No. 21. 
The district can be reached also by cars going out East street on 
Routes 10, 11 and 12, but this involves a long walk or climbing steps ; 
Route 21 being altogether preferable. 

Garfield: — That district of the City lying east of the Allegheny 
Cemetery along Penn avenue, now in the Eighth Ward; the boundaries 
are indefinite, but its eastern line may be taken as Rebecca street. It 
was never a borough. It is reached by Penn avenue car lines, Routes 
88 and 91. 

Glenwood: — The upper end of the outer Second avenue district 
at the bend of the Monongahela River; originally part of the Twenty- 
third Ward, now included in the Fifteeneth Ward. It takes its name 
from old Glenwood Grove, a picnic ground of half a century ago. This 
district was never incorporated as a borough, but has become a common 
name from the Glenwood Bridge, and the Glenwood car barns of the 
Pittsburgh Railways Company. There is also a suburban station on 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad called Glenwood, and a bridge so 
named belonging to the same road on their Wheeling Division, and their 
freight yards and round house there are also known as the Glenwood 
Yards. 

Greenfield: — A part of the Fifteenth Ward on each side of 
Greenfield avenue, embodying a part of Pittsburgh originally known 
as the Four Mile Run district, extending up Forward avenue to Schenley 
Park, and to the head of Greenfield avenue at Saline avenue, and to 
the hill overlooking Hazelwood. The name is of local use, and is the 
designation of cars on Route No. 58, which run on Second and Green- 
field avenues. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 57 

Hazelwood: — This is also part of the Fifteenth Ward, lying 
along the river west of Glen wood, and may be presumed to extend as 
far west as the Jones & Laughlin Works at Marion Junction. It is 
principally a residence district, although there are many business 
houses along Second avenue and some on Hazelwood avenue. To the 
north its boundaries may be taken as reaching to Calvary Cemetery at 
the head of Hazelwood avenue. This section was never incorporated 
as a borough. It is also a suburban station on the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad, at Hazelwood avenue. The district is reached by Second 
avenue car lines on Routes 55, 56 and 57. 

Home wood: — A beautiful residence section beyond East Liberty. 
It may be said to begin at or about Dallas avenue, and extend to the 
Wilkinsburg borough line, including the Homewood Cemetery, to 
Forbes _ street on the south, and Frankstown avenue on the north. 
It is bisected by the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which 
company has maintained a suburban station at Homewood avenue 
since its entrance into the City. Some of the most elegant residences in 
Pittsburgh are located in this district, principally along Penn avenue. 
Homewood is reached by cars on Routes Nos. 75 and 76, and along the 
northern border by Frankstown avenue line, No. 88. 

Herron Hill:— The high hill in the center of the old city of 
Pittsburgh, named for the pioneer family of Pittsburgh, who owned it 
originally. The hill is included between Center avenue, Craig street, 
the Grant boulevard and Herron avenue; it contains Herron Hill 
Park, and the city reservoir within that park. It is the highest land in 
the city, and one of the highest points in Allegheny County, 1260 feet 
above tidewater and 583 feet above the level of the rivers at the Point. 
The outlook from the summit is grand, and the Hill is worthy of a 
visit. There has been a disposition lately to call the slopes of Herron 
Hill overlooking Bloomfield and Bellefield, Schenley Heights, and this 
appellation has been made to cover all the ground to the summit of 
Herron Hill, which claim is erroneous, as the Schenley estate never 
owned any of the hill except the small triangular tract along Center 
avenue, between Craig street and the bend at Aliquippa street. 
Herron Hill is reached by cars on Routes Nos. 84 and 85, via Center, 
Herron and Bedford avenues; Center avenue Routes to the eastern 
slopes of the Hill are Nos. 82 and 83. The Hill is mostly in the Fifth 
Ward; the lower northern slopes in the Sixth Ward. 

Herr's Island: — A large island along the north shore of the 
Allegheny River reached by bridges over both channels of the river 
generally spoken of as a whole as the Thirtieth Street Bridge. The 
island is now a part of the Twenty -fourth Ward of the City. It is 
altogether a packing house and stock yard district now and is reached 
by car on Penn avenue Routes 79, 85, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 and 
98 to Thirtieth Street. 

Lawrenceville: — A former borough annexed to the City in 1868, 
dating back to the establishment of the Allegheny Arsenal by the 



58 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

United States Government in 1814, and called in honor of Captain 
James Lawrence -of the United States Navy; by Wm. B. Foster, the 
father of Stephen C. Foster, the noted song writer. The elder Foster 
owned most of the land adjoining the Arsenal grounds and had charge 
of the Arsenal at that time. This is a large district including the 
Allegheny and St. Mary's Cemeteries, many manufacturing establish- 
ments, including several of the Carnegie Company's plants. On the 
south it extends to the ravine through which the Pennsylvania Railroad 
enters the City; at the north it is bounded by the Allegheny River, 
extending as far east as Forty-eighth street. It is reached by all the 
Butler street and Sharpsburg cars on Routes Nos. 93, 94, 95 and 96, 
Bloomfield, No. 92, Penn avenue cars Nos. 88 and 91. The former 
Lawrenceville district in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Wards has 
been divided into the Sixth and Ninth Wards in the renumbering and 
relocation of the wards in 1909. 

Linden Grove : — A part of Oakland reached by the Atwood street 
cars, Route No. 81, and transferring from Forbes street cars to Atwood. 
The district never was a borough; the name having originated from the 
pleasure grounds known as Linden Grove in Civil War days, and the 
site of Camp Howe, a training camp for recruits, and the rendezvous 
for different Pennsylvania regiments during that period. The name 
is seldom heard now, as the district is usually considered as part of 
Oakland. 

Manchester: — The territory of the former large borough of that 
name lying along the Ohio River on the North Side which became the 
Fifth and Sixth Wards of the former city of Allegheny. Its eastern 
boundary was Allegheny avenue; its northern was Island avenue. 
This district contains a number of large manufacturing establishments. 
The business district lies along Beaver avenue. It is reached by 
Routes Nos. 19, Western avenue; 18, Woods Run; and 20, Reedsdale 
street (formerly Rebecca street). 

Minersville: — Originally the Thirteenth Ward of the City of 
Pittsburgh, now the Fifth Ward; and comprises that hilly portion of 
Pitt Township annexed to the City in 1868. It includes Herron Hill 
and Herron Hill Park. It may be said to be bounded on the east by 
Center avenue and Craig street. It was never a borough, was alto- 
gether and has remained a residence district; reached by Wylie avenue, 
Center avenue and Herron avenue cars; Routes Nos. 82, 83, and 85. 

Montooth: — The name of a small borough south of Beltzhoover, 
annexed to the City in 1907. A residence section reached by Beltz- 
hoover cars on Route No. 49, and Interurban cars to Charleroi and 
Washington, West Liberty stop. 

Morningside: — The hillside district east of the Allegheny 
Cemetery between the Cemetery and Highland Park; now part of the 
Tenth Ward. It is strictly a residence district, traversed by Morning- 
side avenue, which is its main street; it is reached by Penn and Negley 
cars via Butler street on Route No. 96. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 59 

Mount Washington: — The South Side Hill district included in 
the former borough of that name, annexed to the City in 1874, as the 
Thirty-second Ward, and now part of the Nineteenth Ward. An 
extensive plateau from the Grandview avenue front overlooking the 
old City of Pittsburgh, the Ohio River and Valley as far as Brunot's 
Island ; the upper Hill district gives a wide range of view from any 
point along Grandview avenue. The western limit of Mt. Washington 
may be said to be Duquesne Heights at Olympia street. To the 
south it reaches into the valley of Saw Mill Run, and is there traversed 
by the West Side Belt Railroad. Grandview Park is included in the 
Mt. Washington district, and the boundaries in that direction may be 
said to be Beltzhoover and Warrington avenues. Mount Washington 
is reached by cars via the Mount Washington tunnel on Routes 40 and 
41, and via Point Bridge and through the West End, on Route No. 33. 

North Side : — This term is now applied to all the territory north 
of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers, included within the corporate limits 
of the former city of Allegheny. This is a large district of the City of 
Pittsburgh, and contains upwards of 150,000 people. Its business 
district is along Federal street extending to the North Park, and on 
East and West Ohio streets. It has also a business district along 
Chestnut street in the eastern section, which is reached from Pitts- 
burgh on the old city side by the Sixteenth Street Bridge. The North 
Side district is traversed by trolley routes of the Pittsburgh Railways 
Company which cross the Sixth, Seventh and Ninth Street Bridges, 
and by the interurban lines to Butler, Harmony and New Castle. 
This district is most apt to be referred to as "Allegheny" by elderly 
residents of the City. 

Nunnery Hill — (See Fineview). 

Oakland: — This is a large section of Pittsburgh, before the 
consolidation of the North Side, in the Fourteenth Ward of Pittsburgh; 
previous to the annexation of the Oakland district in 1868, the whole 
district was Oakland Township of Allegheny County, a cut off from 
Pitt Township. Oakland may be said to include all the territory 
between the bend on Fifth avenue at Robinson street, the summit of 
the hills to the north of Fifth avenue, and on the south to the bluffs 
overlooking the Monongahela River, and may be said to also include 
the Bellefield district, as far as Craig street. _ Naturally, from its 
area, this district is both a business and a residence section; it also 
includes all the public buildings on the Schenley Farms tract, and in 
Schenley Park, Forbes Field and the Schenley Hotel, and will doubtless 
be visited by all who come to Pittsburgh, and have the time for sight 
seeing tours. It is reached by all Fifth avenue and Forbes street 
cars in the down town districts, on Routes No. 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 
71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80 and 81. 

Ormsby: — This term is applied to the upper section of the 
South Side from South Twenty-eighth street to the City line at South 
Thirty-sixth street, extending from the Monongahela River to the 



60 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Pennsylvania Railroad (Monongahela Division) skirting the hills. 
The term originated from the Ormsby family who once owned all this 
section of the City, and was applied to the borough of Ormsby, which 
was annexed to the City in 1874. The name "Ormsby" is retained 
principally as a station and round house and yards for the above named 
division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and is also, known as the site 
of the original works of Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., and the extensive 
additions that have been made to these works. There are a few 
residences in the district, mainly occupied by foreigners, mill workers, 
and their families. Ormsby is reached by Carson street cars on 
Routes Nos. 50 and 52. It is now part of the Sixteenth Ward of the 
City. This district was formerly called Brownstown. 

Perrysville. — Some guicte books contain this as a separate 
district of the the City, but this is an error. Perrysville is an old settle- 
ment and village reached by the Perrysville road and the Harmony, 
Butler and New Castle interurban lines. What the guide books 
should say is, "The Perrysville Avenue District," Perrysville Avenue 
being the main thoroughfare to the hills at the north of former Alle- 
gheny City. The Perrysville Avenue District contains Riverview 
Park, and is noted for the beauty and character of its residences. It is 
reached by Perrysville avenue cars on Routes Nos. 8 and 9. 

Point Breeze : — The district at the crossing of Fifth and Penn 
avenues in the East End. Remember that Fifth avenue starts at 
Penn avenue down town, and is a very long street, with several curves, 
crossing Penn avenue again at Point Breeze. This is the old term as 
applied to a tavern stand at the crossing of these roads in the early 
days of the City. This is a residence district only, but before the 
abandonment of the East Liberty Stock Yards of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, the north side of Penn avenue, and the west side of Fifth 
avenue were the border lines of the stock yards district and the rail- 
road yards that belonged to them. The name is perpetuated in the 
designation of the Point Breeze Presbyterian Church, on the north- 
east corner of Penn and Fifth avenues. The district is reached by 
Fifth avenue cars on lines 75 and 76. 

Schenley Heights: — This term describes the high ground of 
the Schenley Estate lying on both sides of Center avenue, from the 
bend at the top of the Hill at Aliquippa street as far north as Craig 
street, but as mentioned in the description of Herron Hill has been 
made to include all the northern and eastern slopes on that hill, which, 
excepting the small strip, were never owned by the Schenleys. The 
Heights are reached by Center avenue lines Routes 82 and 83, and by 
transfers to those lines at Center avenue and Craig street from Routes 
71, 72 and 92. 

Shadyside: — A large section of the East End district of the City, 
included between Fifth avenue and the Pennsylvania Railroad, east of 
Craig or Neville streets. Shadyside is mainly a residential district, and is 
noted for the number and character of the many fine residences. The name 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 61 

originated from the former suburban station, still maintained, on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad at the foot of Amberson avenue. The eastern 
boundary of Shadyside may be estimated as Shady avenue. It was 
originally included in the Twentieth Ward, but in the re-numbering of the 
wards it is now the Seventh. This territory was annexed to the City in 
1868. 

Shalerville: — A residence district in the Saw Mill Run Valley back 
of Mount Washington, principally that part of the Mount known as 
Duquesne Heights, originally part of the Thirty-fifth Ward of the City, 
now part of the Twentieth Ward. The name originated from a pioneer 
family in the district. It is reached by Mount Washington cars from 
Liberty avenue and Stanwix street on Route 33. 

Sheraden: — The extreme western part of the City also part of the 
Twentieth Ward, and the former borough of that name, annexed to the 
City in 1907. Previous to its admission to the City it had established its 
own business section, but it is now largely a residence district. It is reached 
by local trains on the Pan Handle Division of the Pennsylvania Lines West 
of Pittsburgh, and trolley cars on Routes 31 and 32, from Liberty avenue 
and Stanwix street. 

South Side: — Usually this designation has reference to the several 
districts on the south side of the Monongahela River, extending from 
Point Bridge to the City line at South Thirty-sixth street, and between the 
river and the hills, but in this book it has been made to cover all that part 
of the City south of the Monongahela river as distinguished from the old 
City of Pittsburgh between the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers, and 
the former City of Allegheny now known as the North Side. In the South 
Side district, as outlined in this paragraph, is included the areas of six 
separate boroughs which were annexed to the City in 1874. These are now 
included in the Nineteenth, Seventeenth and Sixteenth Wards. There are 
stations on the Monongahela Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad at 
South Twelfth and South Twenty-third streets, and Ormsby; and on the 
Pan Handle Division of the Pennsylvania Lines West of Pittsburgh, at 
Smithfield and Carson streets and at Point Bridge. Carson street is the 
main thoroughfare and extends the whole length of the South Side district 
from the western line of the City at Chartiers Creek to South Thirty-sixth 
street. Below Smithfield street it is called West Carson, and above Smith- 
field, simply "Carson" street. From Smithfield street down a transfer 
car on West Carson street connects the West End cars and the Smithfield 
street lines; this route is not numbered, simply known as "P. & L. E. 
Transfer. " The lines proceeding up Carson street to the east are Routes 
50 and 51, via the Smithfield street, and 52 and 53 via the Second 
Avenue Bridge. There is also a line from Carrick and the Brownsville 
road, 54, with its terminal at Forbes and Brady streets at the north 
end of the Twenty-second Street Bridge, which transfers to cars passing 
there in each direction. 

Soho: — A century old name applied to the mill district between 
Gist street and the bend on Fifth avenue at Robinson street, from the 
Monongahela river to the summit of the hills north of Fifth avenue. 



62 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Fifth avenue, one of the main thoroughfares and Forbes street, another 
main thoroughfare, traverse this district; also Second avenue, which lies 
along the river. On the Second avenue side of the district there are numer- 
ous large manufacturing plants, and the Pittsburgh Division of the Balti- 
more & Ohio Railroad has its tracks under the brow of Boyd's hill, and 
between Second avenue and the hills as far as Hazelwood. The Soho 
district was never incorporated as a borough, but has been maintained as a 
sectional name, and is in common use as such. All Fifth avenue, Forbes 
street and Second avenue car lines pass through it. These have been 
enumerated under the description of the Oakland, Hazelwood and Glenwood 
districts. There are a number of business houses, principally of retail 
character, along Fifth avenue, through the entire district, and a few on 
Forbes street. The residential character of the district is old and not 
very attractive, it being largely populated by foreign mill workers and their 
families. 

Squirrel Hill:— A very large residential district of costly and beautiful 
homes, lying on both sides of Forbes street, beyond the eastern limits of 
Schenley Park. Its main thoroughfare is Forbes street, and this section 
is traversed by Forbes street cars on Routes 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 
79, 80 and 81. Its boundaries are rather indefinite, and a visitor will 
find it a large plateau which may be assumed to extend as far north as 
Fifth avenue, and east to the Homewood Cemetery. The Squirrel Hill 
section was annexed in 1868. 

Troy Hill: — -A small hill on the North Side of the river, also called 
Mt. Troy, formerly the Thirteenth Ward of Allegheny City, and now part 
of the present Twenty-fourth Ward. It is principally a residence section, 
and the district is the eastern boundary of the City on the north side of the 
river; reached by Troy Hill cars on Routes 4 and 5. 

West End: — Was usually counted that portion of the South Side 
district extending from the Point Bridge to Saw Mill Run, and all that 
part of the City on both sides of the run to the lines of the (then) Elliott 
Borough and Shalerville. This district was admitted to the City in 1874, 
and was included in two boroughs, viz: West Pittsburgh and Temperance- 
ville. In the old City these were the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth 
Wards, now part of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Wards, and reached 
by West End cars to South Main street on Routes 27, 33, 28 and 29, 
and by Routes 34 and 35 to Steuben street. 

West Liberty : — A former suburban borough along the old Washington 
Pike, admitted to the City in 1908. It is principally a residence district, 
although there are some coal mines still worked in the valley along the 
pike, now West Liberty avenue, between Brookline and Beechview. It 
is reached by cars on Routes 38 to Castle Shannon, and 39 to the 
Brookline boulevard. 

Woods Run: — A large district in the lower or western portion of the 
North Side, extending from the Ohio River to the hills and Island avenue, 
and on the east to the western line of the city, and taking in the territory 
in that level district. The name originated from a winding stream long 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 63 

since sewered. It is also the name of a local station for trains on the Pennsyl- 
vania Lines West of Pittsburgh. Is largely a manufacturing district; some 
very large plants within its boundaries; there are some business nouses 
along Preble avenue. It has a large foreign population. It is reached by 
cars on route 18, lettered "Woods Run," and also known as the "Union 
Line. " Woods Run is distinctly a local name, and was never incorporated 
as a municipality. The Western Penitentiary of Pennsylvania is in this 
district, the car stop for which is Doerr street, formerly Sterling street. 
The Woods Run Settlement House attracts many visitors interested in 
settlement work. This building is at No. 5 Petrel street. 

BOROUGHS CONTIGUOUS TO THE CITY. 

There are twenty-three boroughs touching the municipal boun- 
dary lines of Pittsburgh or separated from those lines by river or creek. 
In alphabetical order these are, Aspinwall, Bellevue, Carrick, Crafton, 
Dormont, Edgewood, Etna, Greentree, Hays, Homestead, Ingram, 
Knoxville, Millvale, McKees Rocks, Mt. Oliver, Munhall, Sharpsburg, 
Spring Garden, St. Clair, Swissvale, West View.West Homestead and 
Wilkinsburg. The others mentioned are close to the city. All these 
boroughs are incorporated towns under the laws of Pennsylvania and 
each has its separate municipal and school governments. This is 
true also of the other boroughs in the Pittsburgh District, which includes 
the Pittsburgh Metropolitan District as the U. S. Census Bureau puts 
it, or all territory within a radius of ten miles of the City. 

The boundary lines of Pittsburgh as a municipality are most 
frequently street lines ; the other side the boundary line of some borough 
or township. Except for purposes of taxation and voting these lines 
are disregarded by Pittsburgh people and contiguous boroughs are 
spoken of as parts of Pittsburgh. Hence the frequent use of these 
borough names in this book as localities such as Bellevue, Knoxville, 
Wilkinsburg, Sharpsburg, etc. All are served from the various 
substations of the Pittsburgh postoffice, and some of the names are- 
carried on the trolley cars as route designations. Often several boroughs 
are adjoining such as Knoxville, Mt. Oliver, St. Clair, Carrick and 
Brentwood, and all served from one sub-postoffice, Mt;. Oliver. All 
these boroughs can be reached by one trolley line. Residents of these 
boroughs generally sign hotel registers with the home address, Pitts- 
burgh, and justly. It is the postoffice address. No one from Knoxville 
borough, adjoining Pittsburgh on the South Hills, registers "Knoxville, 
Pa., " for that is a large town in the northern part of the State. Hence 
practically, though not politically, Pittsburgh, these contiguous bor- 
oughs should be listed and denned. Another point to be considered is in 
the matter of street names; for instance, Wood street, Pittsburgh, is 
an old and main business thoroughfare downtown. Wood street, 
Wilkinsburg, is a business street in that borough, seven mileseast of 
the old city street. Again Wood street, Wilkinsburg, extends into the 
Brushton district of the City and there takes the name of Oakwood, to 



64 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

avoid the duplication of the downtown thoroughfare. Therefore as to 
streets; ascertain whether the street you want is in the City or some 
adjoining borough. 

Take Lincoln for instance ; it is bestowed on a main East Liberty 
thoroughfare and we have also North Lincoln avenue on the North 
Side. Then there is Lincoln avenue in Bellevue, and again in Mill- 
vale. Get the section of the City and make sure of both it and the 
street. 

The boroughs contiguous to and touching the City line will be 
mentioned first as they are located by the points of the compass and 
then listed and defined in alphabetical order with other boroughs of 
Allegheny County. 

First to the east and touching the Monongahela river is the 
borough of Swissvale and extending northward to the borough of 
Wilkinsburg. East of Wilkinsburg and north of Swissvale is Edgewood, 
and east of Swissvale along the river is Rankin, then Braddock 
and North Braddock, all closely built up and connected by streets, 
railroads and trolley lines. North of Wilkinsburg is Penn Township 
extending to the Allegheny river, much of this with a city appearance; 
all practically an extension of Pittsburgh to the east and part of Greater 
Pittsburgh, so called. 

Crossing the Allegheny river and separated by the river from 
the corporate line of Pittsburgh in that direction there come in order, 
proceeding down the river, the boroughs of Aspinwall, Sharpsburg, 
Etna and Millvale. The western boundary of Millvale is the 
eastern boundary of the North Side at the river just above 
the Herr's Island bridge of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. 
Directly north of Troy Hill in this eastern section of the North 
Side is the borough of Spring Garden, mainly in the valley of 
Spring Garden Run, and reached by cars on trolley route 1. 
The township lines of Reserve and Ross carry the City line also to the 
' new borough of Westview and the old borough of Bellevue to the west 
of Westview, the westerly line of Bellevue at the Ohio river. 

Crossing the Ohio river the large borough of McKees Rocks 
lies on the West side of Chartiers creek. On account of the rugged 
topography of this region the City line makes some queer twists. Lying 
between Sheraden and Chartiers creek is part of Chartiers Township, 
nearly all of which has been annexed to the City or made into boroughs. 
South and west of Sheraden and extending to the creek is the borough 
of Ingram. The large borough of Crafton comes next to the east 
extending to the Noblestown road, across which is the altogether 
rural section called Greentree, incorporated as a borough, but altogether 
a community of suburban homes and small farms, traversed by the 
Wabash Railroad or the Wabash-Pittsburgh Terminal as it is also known. 
The northern line of Greentree is the City line of the Twentieth Ward. 
Union Township intervenes between Greentree and the City lines of 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 65 

the Beechview and Brookline portions of the Nineteenth Ward. Then 
conies the new borough of Dormont and beyond that to the south, the 
township of Mt. Lebanon, reached by cars on Route 38. 

To the east of the boundary line of the City's Nineteenth Ward 
in the Brookline and West Liberty district lies the portion of Baldwin 
Township in the Upper Saw Mill Run Valley and the hill on the south 
side of the run. The interurban trolley lines to Washington and to 
Charleroi traverse this valley as far as Castle Shannon; the City line 
is at Reflectorville station on this road, Route 37 traverses the 
valley also. 

Across Saw Mill Run and extending up the hillside is the large 
borough of Carrick; extending also across the Brownsville road, al- 
most surrounded by the remaining portion of Baldwin Township and 
the new borough of Brentwood recently created out of this township. 
Between the north line of Carrick is the borough of St. Clair formerly 
the township of Lower St. Clair, rather all that was left of it, except a 
small triangular plot in the lower Saw Mill Run Valley and on the 
hillside back of Mount Washington. 

Coming into the city along the Brownsville road, an improved 
county road, passing the South Side Cemetery, and farther in, two 
church cemeteries — St. George's and St. Joseph's, the boroughs of 
Knoxville and Mount Oliver are reached, the road the dividing line 
of these boroughs. At McKinley avenue there is a car line called 
"Bon Air" and transfers to and from Carrick cars, 45 and 46, and 
morning and afternoon service on Route 47. Before 'reaching 
the two church cemeteries, Noble's lane is passed, which leads down 
into Saw Mill Run Valley, through which passes an improved county 
road paved with vitrified brick. The City line is at Adara street into 
which Noble's lane merges. Back of Mount Oliver, and stretching 
over the hills to the Monongahela River, is a portion of the borough of 
St. Clair, which bounds the South Side and the east end of the Sixteenth 
Ward, the section known as Ormsby. The Brownsville road in Knox- 
ville and Mount Oliver is called Southern avenue, and reaches the City 
line at Arlington avenue, at the head of South Eighteenth street; 
route 53 follows this street to Carson street, and reaches the 
business section of the city via the South Tenth Street Bridge, and 
Second avenue; Route 54 also follows South Eighteenth street 
and crosses the South Twenty-second Street Bridge to Forbes and 
Brady streets, transferring at Carson and South Nineteenth streets, 
and at Forbes and Brady streets; at the former to Carson street routes 
both ways, Nos. 50 and 51, and at Forbes and Brady streets to all 
Forbes street cars both ways, and also to Second avenue lines, under 
the north end of the bridge (see under Transfers, page 38); Routes 
50 and 51 cross the Smithfield Street Bridge with their terminal at 
Grant street and Liberty avenue, in front of the Pennsylvania Station. 

This completes the statements of the environs of Pittsburgh by 
contiguous municipalities, not included within the corporate limits of 



66 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

the City, and will serve to impress upon a visitor's mind the fact that 
much of Pittsburgh is not "Pittsburgh" when municipal lines are 
considered. 

But there are also other boroughs contiguous in a sense — the 
Monongahela River intervening. Across that river at the upper 
end of the Glenwood district and reached by the Glenwood Bridge of 
the Pittsburgh Railways Company is the borough of Hays lying in the 
valley of Street's Run, which is traversed by the tracks of the Wheeling 
Division of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad crossing the river on 
the railroad bridge directly above the Glenwood Bridge. Across 
Street's Run is the borough of West Homestead extending up the 
river to the line of the large and famous borough of Homestead at 
Hays street. 

Back of West Homestead is New Homestead closely built up 
but not included in the borough of West Homestead. In the flat 
along the river are the extensive works of Howard Axle Company, a 
Carnegie Company plant, and those of the Mesta Machine Company. 
The tracks of the Monongahela Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
and the Pittsburgh, McKeesport & Youghiogheny Division of the 
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad, follow the south bank of the river. 

The borough of Homestead is divided into five wards. It 
extends up the hill to the south, and east to the City Farm lane, so 
called from leading to the poor farm and almshouse formerly used by 
the City of Pittsburgh but abandoned and sold to the Carnegie Steel 
Company for their extensive and best known works, the famous 
Homestead Mills, which include the armor plate department. These 
works are within the corporate limits of the borough of Munhall. 
Next to Munhall on the east is the borough of Whittaker and across 
the Monongahela are the boroughs of Swissvale and Rankin, which 
brings us to our starting point in this description of contiguous boroughs. 
It is well to remember that the Monongahela flows north and "up" is 
south. 

OTHER BOROUGHS IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 

In addition to those mentioned as contiguous to Pittsburgh, 
there are many large boroughs or towns in Allegheny County that 
must receive mention. These are taken with the city and other 
incorporated districts to make up the Greater Pittsburgh. In alpha- 
betical order these may be enumerated and located as follows : — Avalon, 
below Bellevue and contiguous to it, formerly known as West Bellevue; 
Ben Avon and Ben Avon Heights, immediatley below Avalon ; Bradford 
Woods, a new borough on the "Harmony Route," 15 miles from 
Pittsburgh, a beautiful suburban place of delightful homes; Brentwood, 
a new borough adjoining Carrick, out the Brownsville road, via 
South Eighteenth street; Bridgeville, on the Chartiers branch of the 
Pan Handle Division Pennsylvania Lines West, and the Wabash 
Railroad, 12 miles from the City; Brackenridge, above Tarentum on 
the north side of the Allegheny River; Braddock, the large manu- 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 67 

facturing town, noted in history as the scene of Braddock's defeat 
on the Monongahela River in 1755, the location of the great Edgar 
Thomson Steel Works of the Carnegie Company, 10 miles from the 
Pennsylvania Station at Liberty avenue and Eleventh street, 
Pittsburgh; Chalfant, a new borough northeast of Wilkinsburg; 
Cheswick, also on the north side of the Allegheny River, 14 miles 
up; Dormont, beyond the South Hills, in the vicinity of Mt. Lebanon; 
Dravosburg, on the Monongahela River, opposite McKeesport; 
Duquesne, a large borough before reaching Dravosburg, the location 
of the Duquesne Steel Works and furnaces of the Carnegie Steel 
Company; East McKeesport, adjoining that city; East Pittsburgh, in 
the Turtle Creek Valley, the location of the very extensive works of 
the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company; Edgeworth, 
on the Ohio River, adjoining Sewickley, a beautiful residence com- 
munity; Elizabeth, on the Monongahela River, 22 miles from the City; 
Ems worth, on the Ohio River, below Ben Avon; Glassport, on the 
Monongahela River, above the junction of the Youghiogheny River; 
Glenfield, on the Ohio River, below Emsworth; Haysville, a small 
borough on the Ohio River below Emsworth; Heidelburg, adjoining 
Carnegie, a residence community; Leetsdale, a borough on the Ohio 
River at the extreme end of the County, the location of some large 
manufacturing works; Liberty, a small borough on the Youghiogheny, 
formerly part of Port Vue; North Braddock, that portion of Braddock 
north of the Pennsylvania Railroad, a separate municipality from the 
old town of Braddock; Oakdale, a borough on the Pennsylvania Lines 
West (Pan Handle), about 15 miles from the City; Oakmont, on the 
south bank of the Allegheny River, adjoining Verona; Osborne, a 
small borough adjoining Sewickley at its eastern end; Pitcairn, a large 
borough on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, containing 
the shops and yards of that road, 15 miles east of the City; Port Vue, 
a small borough on the Youghiogheny River, adjoining McKeesport; 
Rosslyn Farms, a small residence borough adjoining Carnegie on the 
east; Sewickley, a large town on the Ohio River, one of Pittsburgh's 
most beautiful suburbs, containing many handsome residences of 
Pittsburgh business men; Springdale, on the Allegheny River, between 
Cheswick and Tarentum, 17 miles from the City; Tarentum, a large 
borough on the north bank of the Allegheny River, 22 miles from the 
City and containing several glass houses and large manufacturing plants ; 
Thornburg, a small borough in the Chartiers Valley, adjoining Crafton 
on the west bank of the creek; Turtle Creek, a large town taking the 
name of the creek, between East Pittsburgh and Wilmerding; an 
attempt was made recently to change the name of this borough to 
Westinghouse but the courts having jurisdiction refused to assent; 
Verona, a borough on the south bank of the Allegheny River, largely 
a residence section, containing the shops of the Allegheny Valley 
Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad and several large manufactur- 
ing plants; Versailles, a borough on the Youghiogheny River above 
McKeesport; Wall, formerly Wall Station, adjoining Pitcairn, con- 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



taining part of the extensive freight yards of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company and largely the homes of railroad men and their families. 
Westwood, a small borough adjoining McKees Rocks; Whitaker, a 
borough on the Monongahela River, above Munhall, containing 
principally the homes of mill workers at extensive plants of the 
Carnegie Company at Munhall, usually referred to as the Home- 
stead Works; West Elizabeth, opposite Elizabeth and connected by a 
county bridge which is free of tolls; Wilmerding, a large borough 
containing the location of the Westinghouse Air Brake Works, the 
Westinghouse Air Brake Company having founded the town in 1890, 
on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, between Turtle Creek 
and Pitcairn; Wilson, a borough on the Monongahela River above 
West Elizabeth. 

The borough lines of none of these mentioned touch the boundary 
lines of the City, some (as Carnegie) are but a few miles distant. 

All boroughs not mentioned in the foregoing list are contiguous 
to the City and have received mention in the section under that head, 
which see (page 63). 




A PITTSBURGH BLAST FURNACE. 



CHAPTER III 

Special Transportation Facilities 

Inclines, Ferries, Bridges 

Inclines.— To reach the summits of the precipitous hills, a system 
of inclined planes has long been' in use. Properly speaking these are 
inclined railways. On some of them passengers and vehicles are 
carried on the same car with a cabin on the car for passengers; several 
are for passengers only, while one company has a separate plane for 
vehicle traffic. Locally these planes are referred to as inclines and 
are known by the locality to which they lead or the street from which 
they are entered to ascend. The angles of these planes vary from 
12 degrees to 40. Seven inclines are on the south side of the Mononga- 
hela river, four of them reaching the top of Mt. Washington, the high 
hill whose abrupt and rocky face comes close to the river opposite 
Water street. These four have the greatest angles but are 
comparatively short compared with the three upper ones. In order, 
these three lower 
inclines are : 

The Duquesne, 
for passengers 
only, extending 
from West Carson 
street below the 
Point Bridge to 
Grandview ave- 
nue on that part 
of Mt. Washing- 
ton called Du- 
quesne Heights. 
The total length 
is 800 ft.; height 
400 ft. and the 
angle of incline 30 
degrees. 

The Mononga- 
hela Incline, with 
separate planes for 
vehicles and pass- 
engers, on West 
Carson street, 
opposite the Pitts- 
burgh & Lake 
Erie Railroad 
passenger station, 
at the south end 
of the Smithfield 
StreetBridge. 

DUQUESNE INCLINE, WEST CARSON STREET 




70 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

This incline also leads to Grandview avenue, the upper station at 
Wyoming street. Its total length is 640 ft.; elevation 370 ft. and the 
angle of the plane 30 degrees. 

The Monongahela Vehicle Plane is alongside the passenger 
plane and is without a cabin, though it is sometimes used in 
emergencies for passenger traffic. 

The upper station of the Duquesne Incline is between Cohassett 
and Oneida streets. The Mt. Washington cars on Route 40 have their 
terminal in front of this station. 

The Monongahela Incline runs continuously, except for an 
occasional shutdown for repairs. The Duquesne runs continuously, 
except from 1 a. m. to 7 a. m. on vSunday. 

The Castle Shannon, at Carson street and Brownsville avenue, 
the tracks of the Pennsylvania Lines Southwest (Pan Handle Route) 
passing over the lower station. This incline has its upper station on 
Bailey avenue, Mt. Washington. The name Castle Shannon applied 
to this incline came from its being the terminal of the Pittsburgh & 
Castle Shannon Railway, a narrow gauge steam road, which has been 
widened and electrified and is now part of the Pittsburgh Railways 
Company's system over which the interurban lines run to Washington 
and Canonsburg, Pa., and to Charleroi, Pa., as far as Castle Shannon. 
The incline as at present constructed was opened in 1880. Its length 
is 1368 ft., height 461 ft., rise is 34 ft. to the hundred, the angle about 
17 degrees. The hours of operation are from 3 a. m. until la. m., 
except on Sunday morning, when service begins at 6 a. m. 

The upper South Side inclines reach the hill top at a less angle 
and by greater length of roadway by reason of their routes being upon 
less declivitous portions. They are three in number, viz. : 

The Knoxville, from Bradford street, at the head of South 
Eleventh street two blocks above Carson street, to Warrington avenue, 
at the head of Brownsville avenue, Arlington avenue opposite. This 
incline is 2640 feet long and has a rise of fourteen feet to the hundred. 
Its perpendicular is 370 feet. It has a decided curve in it and for 
much of the way the road bed is upon the ground. This incline runs 
day and night, except from 1 to 6 a. m. Sundays. _ Passengers and 
vehicles are carried on the same car but there is a cabin for passengers 
and a conductor goes with the car. Cars on Routes 46, 47 and 48 pass 
the upper station. 

The Mt. Oliver Incline, from Bradford street at the head of 
South Twelfth street to Warrington avenue, is for passengers only. 
It is 1600 feet long, 380 feet high and has an angle of 12 degrees. _ It 
is available to reach Arlington avenue car Route 48 to that section 
known as Allentown and also Mt. Oliver and St. Clair boroughs adjoin- 
ing. Its use is much of a local nature, being largely used by workmen. 
This incline and the Knoxville and the Castle Shannon are operated by 
the Pittsburgh Railways Company. 

South Twenty-second Street Incline, usually so called, is owned 
and operated by the St. Clair Inclined Plane Co. Its lower terminal 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 71 

is on Josephine street, between South Twenty-second and South- 
Twenty-third streets. Its upper terminal is on Salisbury street 
between Fernleaf and Sterling streets. The length of the track is 
2000 feet; perpendicular length of plane, 250 feet; the angle of the 
plane is small — about twelve degrees. This incline is operated be- 
tween 4:30 A. M. and 12:30 A. M. Transfers are given to the trolley 
lines on Carson street, which is four blocks distant, going toward 
the Monongahela River, or in a northerly direction. The incline is 
used for both vehicles and passengers; the conductor is at the foot of 
the plane; commutation tickets are used. At the top of the plane 
cars on Route 48 via Arlington avenue are available to come back to 
the City. The down-town terminal via Smithfield street, Third 
avenue and Wood street, to Water street and return via Mount 
Washington tunnel. The company is about to change the motive 
power of the plane from steam to electricity. This incline is patron- 
ized principally by residents of that section of the South Side known 
as Arlington Heights and is much used by workmen for the purpose 
of reaching the mill districts of the upper South Side. The view from 
the top of the hill is extensive, but not quite so much as from the 
lower inclines, being confined to Hazel wood and the outer Second 
avenue districts of the City, the Monongahela River, and the South 
Side flat district. 

The Pittsburgh Railways Company also operates the Penn Incline 
from Liberty avenue and Seventeenth street to the hill above the 
Pennsylvania tracks, landing on Arcena street at Ledlie street. Cars 
on Bedford avenue running east and west are in sight a block away, 
the Route number 85, the eastern terminal on Herron avenue at Herron 
Hill car barn. Tickets may be purchased at the incline carrving a 
return privilege from the cars. The incline is 849 feet long, 371 feet 
high and has an angle of 223^ degrees. The rise, 45 feet to the hundred. 
The view from the hill is not so extended as from Mt. Washington but 
it is wide spread enough to justify a trip up. "Upper Allegheny," 
or the eastern end of the North Side of the City and the region lying 
along the Allegheny from the Point to Sharpsburg is spread out in 
plain sight. This incline carries vehicles and passengers. 

The transfer service mentioned is limited to outbound cars, or 
those going east on Liberty and Penn avenues, at Seventeenth street, 
on coming down the incline, and from inbound cars to go up. These 
are Routes 72, 79, 86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96 and 98. Routes 91, 92, 
"loop lines," are always outbound on Penn avenue. From the 
upper station to come down town, cars on Routes 82, 83 and 85 are 
available at Center avenue and Devilliers street, four blocks south 
of Central Park; to go east, at top of hill, cars on Route 85 can be 
had at Bedford avenue and Devilliers street, running one way, only, 
on Bedford avenue, as far as Herron avenue. 

From Downtown to Lower Inclines— and from One to Another, 
and Vice Versa. The lower South Hills inclines lie almost in a straight 
line and are easily reached from the business section of the City and 



72 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

are well worth patronizing for short sightseeing trips, as magnificent 
views of the City and the rivers can be obtained from the upper station 
of each incline. It is possible to look down the Ohio for several miles 
and up the Allegheny as far as the Lawrenceville district. All of the 
"Hill Section" of the Old City and the North Side is in plain view. 
The view up the Monongahela is confined to the harbor mainly, the 
river making a bend below Lock No. 1. Better views of the Mononga- 
hela can be had from the upper South Side inclines and from Boyd's 
Hill along Bluff street. 

From the upper station of the Monongahela Incline at Grand- 
view avenue and Wyoming street, Mt. Washington, it is a delightful 
walk of about a mile to the Duquesne Incline, upper station, a charming 
outlook from the summit all the way. A short distance above the 
incline station at Sweetbrier street is the highest portion of the hill 
and the view from this point is truly delightful. 

If one is not inclined to walk, cars can be taken on Route 40, 
which turn into Grandview avenue at Shiloh street, the first street 
above the Monongahela 's upper incline station on Grandview avenue, 
that is, to the right or west on emerging from the station. The return 
to the City can be made via the Duquesne Incline and West End cars 
passing east on West Carson street and crossing the Point Bridge. 
These car routes are numbered 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 
33, 34 and 35, and will proceed along Water street to Penn avenue 
and find their terminal at Liberty avenue and Stanwix street diagonally 
across from the Wabash Passenger Station. 

Conversely, these sightseers going up the hill via the Duquesne 
Incline can return via Car Route number 40 on Grandview avenue, the 
street along the brow of Mt. Washington. This route has its terminus at 
the Upper Duquesne Incline Station, and one can ride to Grandview 
avenue and Shiloh street, close to the upper station of the Mononga- 
hela Incline, or he may remain on the car and return to the business 
section leaving the car at any point on Smithfield street between Water 
street and Seventh avenue. If the visitor chooses to come down the 
Monongahela Incline he will be landed close to Carson and Smithfield 
streets and can proceed to the business section on any car emerging 
from the tunnel seen above the corner of Carson and Sycamore streets, 
looking under the "Pan Handle" Railroad tracks that are overhead 
the trolley lines at that point. Care must be taken, if desirous of 
going beyond Third avenue on Smithfield street, or to the Pennsyl- 
vania Station to take a car that does not turn at Third avenue. 

Cars coming out of the Mount Washington tunnel are accessible 
at Carson and Smithfield streets coming from under the Pennsyl- 
vania's "Pan Handle" tracks and are on Routes numbered 37, 38,39, 
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49; also the Washington and 
Charleroi interurban lines car. Of these numbers 38, 39, 42, 45, 46, 
48 and 49 turn at Third avenue and thence into Wood street to return 
to the bridge via Water street. Numbers 40, 41 and 47 turn at 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 73 

Seventh avenue, the interurban and numbers 37, 43, 44 reach the 
Pennsylvania Station, at Liberty avenue and Eleventh street, or go 
close to it. 

Carson street cars, numbers 50 and 51, turning into Smithfield 
street will land passengers at Grant street and Liberty avenue. 

There is a car going west on West Carson at Smithfield street, 
marked "P. & L. E. Transfer," but not numbered as a route. Do not 
take it to go to the business section unless you want to return via the 
Point Bridge, where you transfer to any car crossing the Point Bridge, 
all of which pass the lower station of the Duquesne Incline, and land 
passengers at Penn avenue and Stanwix street or Liberty avenue and 
Stanwix street. 

If one wishes to walk from the Monongahela Incline station on 
Grandview avenue, sometimes called the Mt. Washington Incline, 
he will go to the left on emerging from the station, to Wyoming street, 
proceed along that street to Bailey avenue — at the top of the hill, 
turn left on Bailey until he comes to the Castle Shannon upper station 
from whence he can descend and return to the business section via 
Carson Street cars, numbers 50 and 51, at the lower station of the 
incline. One fare with transfer to car will bring a passenger to 
any point between the incline station and the Pennsylvania Station 
on Routes 50 and 51. 

It is obvious that for sightseeing purposes any of these tours 
can be reversed. All are recommended as short and instructive. 

Safety. — Visitors to Pittsburgh unused to traveling via incline 
planes often hesitate to use them. Very timid persons, women mostly, 
have looked up at the frowning heights and left the car before passage. 
In the 45 years inclines have been operated in Pittsburgh not a passen- 
ger has been killed. Employees have been killed and injured but 
accidents to cars in transit have been most rare and not serious. The 
maximum of safety is always maintained. In addition to the double 
hauling steel cable on some planes and the heavy hauling cable on 
others of same material, all lines have an additional steel cable running 
slack as a "drag rope" or cable, as a precaution and safeguard. 

The lofty and beautiful elevations of the City with the inclines 
and adequate trolley car service have been brought into easy communi- 
cation with the business section. The inviting views presented by the 
varied landscape, rivers, hills and plains, combine most pleasantly art 
and nature, and no stranger should visit Pittsburgh without taking a 
view of the City from Mt. Washington, both in daytime and at night. 
The night scene is especially inspiring and is one to be long 
remembered. 

Five cent fares are charged on the inclines with tickets at commu- 
tation rates. Transfers are given from the Duquesne and Monongahela 
planes to the trolley cars on one fare to go to the City and for two fares 
to return via trolley and incline. In the latter case a three coupon 
slip is used, one part for the trolley car over, one back and one to 
ascend. The Monongahela plane has a conductor at both upper and 



74 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

lower stations. Some a conductor below only, the engineer or an assis- 
tant attending the upper station. This is the rule at most of the planes 
except at South Eleventh street or Knoxville, where there are con- 
ductors on the cars. The inclines controlled by the Railways Company 
transfer to and from their car lines, using the same transfer slips as they 
do in transferring from one car route to another. In asking for transfers 
on the cars to inclines (or vice versa) as from one route to another, the 
rule is to make the request upon paying car fare. The Railways Company 
sells a book of twenty car tickets for one dollar to be had from 
conductors and a car ticket is a cash fare good on incline and trolley 
car and entitles one to a transfer slip. The Castle Shannon Incline 
sells a slip of ten tickets for 25 cents, but these tickets do not entitle the 
user to transfer to trolley cars. If intending to use the inclines to any 
extent it is advisable to ask for commutation rates. 

Ferries. — There is now but one local ferry for vehicles and this 
also carries passengers; it is from West Carson street, at the mouth of 
Saw Mill Run, to the lower part of the North Side, landing at the foot 
of Chateau street, on the Ohio River, and is known as the Short-Cut 
Ferry. It is but a short distance from the landing, about one hundred 
yards to Beaver avenue, at the foot of Reedsdale street, formerly 
Rebecca, where Car Route No. 20 turns into Beaver avenue. A short 
distance east on Reedsdale street is Ridge avenue, an automobile 
thoroughfare to the business portion of the North Side, coming out 
on the West Park. There are several motor boat ferries for passengers 
only, one from Doerr street, North Side, in the Woods Run district, 
landing on the opposite shore at McKees Rocks. This is a large 
suburban town reached by the West End trolley lines and the Pitts- 
burgh and Lake Erie Railroad. Doerr street is at the upper end of 
the Western Penitentiary. Crossing from the South Side via the 
ferry, one can proceed a short distance to Preble avenue, and thence 
to Beaver avenue, where cars are available on Routes 18, 19 and 20 to 
the business section of the North Side. Cars on Route 18 run on 
Preble avenue; 19 and 20 do not go that far. The numerous bridges, 
now toll free, have put ferries out of business in Pittsburgh. 

Bridges — Pittsburgh is a city distinguished for its many 
bridges. Here the mechanical mind will find several which for beauty, 
massiveness and strength, are unsurpassed; in variety including 
almost every kind of bridge architecture which has been approved 
by experience. Bridges are not only numerous across the rivers, 
but also cross the ravines that are met in various parts of the city 
and in the parks, and over the gorges through which the Pennsyl- 
vania and other railroads have their rights of way. These bridges 
must be listed and explained. There are no tolls for pedestrians or 
vehicles in Pittsburgh or in Allegheny County, except on four bridges, 
and no toll roads in the count}''. 

The City of Pittsburgh " owns one bridge over the Allegheny 
River at the historic Point, known as the new Manchester bridge, and 
four over the Monongahela River. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 75 

Over the Allegheny.— Beginning at the Point and going up 
the Allegheny River, besides the new Manchester, opened for travel 
in August, 1915, there are in order, the Sixth, or Federal Street Bridge; 
the Seventh, or Sandusky Street; the Ninth, or Anderson Street; the 
"double deck" Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge at Eleventh street (a 
walk on the upper side for foot traffic only), the Sixteenth, or Chestnut 
Street; the Thirtieth Street, or Herr's Island; the Forty-third Street; 
the Sharpsburg; the Highland Park (the two latter leading from 
Butler street. The Forty-third Street Bridge connects the City with 
Millvale Borough. The Thirtieth Street to Herr's Island, where 
the Stock Yards are located, is in two parts — one from the Island 
to the north shore. The double names for the bridges arise from 
the changes of street names, the bridges called by each name 
as given above; thus North Side people, or inhabitants of that 
portion of Pittsburgh which was formerly the City of Allegheny, 
usually designate the bridge at Federal street by that name, while 
Pittsburgh people, or dwellers in the Old City, have not ceased to call 
it the Sixth Street Bridge from the Pittsburgh street's designation, 
though the Pittsburgh end, the bridge portion and the North Side end 
are all one thoroughfare, now called Federal street. There are even 
old folks who will refer to it as the St. Clair Street Bridge from the 
original street name from the founding of the city. So also the Ninth 
Street Bridge will be referred to as Hand street. These names com- 
memorating Revolutionary generals prominent in the early history 
of the City were dropped for the ordinal designations in 1868. The 
original names will be found in all histories and mention of the city 
prior to that year. The Seventh Street Bridge is modern. The new 
Manchester Bridge over the Allegheny takes the place of the old Union 
Bridge — a low wooden covered bridge of the old style which was 
removed as an obstruction to navigation after extended litigation by 
orders of the United States Government. As many pictures of Pitts- 
burgh are extant showing this old bridge, and it seems proper to inform 
the visitor that it has long been gone, the old shore piers remaining, and 
the stranger at the Point will see in its stead a magnificent specimen 
of bridge architecture of the type known as the Pennsylvania truss. 
It is 2183 feet long, with two steel spans, each 531 feet long, 70 feet 
above the water at all points, 60 feet wide, with 12-foot sidewalks 
extended over the sides, with a uniform roadway and approaches 
80 feet wide. It has two shore piers and a center pier. The height 
mentioned is above the water at the usual level or that maintained in 
the Pittsburgh Harbor, to be explained: later on in this book. The 
height is far above any flood level recorded. Technically speaking, this 
bridge is a sub-divided curve chord Pratt truss; its floor system is 
steel buckle plates on steel stringers. The height of the truss above 
the level of the floor is 96 ft. 

The Manchester Bridge takes its name from the fact that it 
is the direct roadway to the former borough of that name, which 
became the Fifth and Sixth Wards of the former City of Allegheny, and 



76 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

is now the Twenty-first Ward of Pittsburgh. The new bridge has 
six concrete arches on the north approach and is entered at that end 
from Galveston avenue, formerly Grant avenue. At the Point the 
approaches are from Duquesne way and Water street by a grade 
made for the purpose. . No car lines yet cross this bridge, but it is 
expected that an arrangement will soon be entered into between the 
City and the Pittsburgh Railways Company whereby one or more lines 
of trolley cars will be routed over it. The line now numbered 18, 
"Union Line-Woods Run," which formerly crossed the old Union 
Bridge, is expected to be restored to its former route. It now reaches 
its terminal via the Sixth Street Bridge, Federal street, Ohio street, 
Western avenue, etc. Some other line may also be routed over the 
bridge, but of this no specific data is at hand at the time of the publi- 
cation of this book, and when the arrangement of routes is completed, 
it will be inserted in subsequent editions, or a page or slip tippedinto 
existing copies, so informing the public. The route from the business 
section to the lower North Side or the Ohio River district, is so much 
shorter by the new bridge that it seems necessary that, a satisfactory 
arrangement routing street cars be made soon and may be looked for 
at any time, and if interested, the visitor is advised to make inquiry 
as to the matter. The assertion has been made above that all bridges 
are free. They are to the public, but not to the cars of the common 
carrier corporation operating trolley lines within the City. An 
agreed on annual payment for crossing each bridge is exacted from the 
railways company on same basis as the number of cars operated, etc. 

The next bridge above on the Allegheny River is at Sixth, or 
Federal street. This is also a Pennsylvania truss and takes the place 
of an original Roebling suspension bridge, erected in 1859. The 
Federal Street Bridge is the most traveled and the_ main bridge to the 
North Side. It has a center pier and two shore piers and is 1100 feet 
long and 70 feet wide, with three roadways and two footwalks — the 
middle roadway used only by trolley cars, the others for vehicles, one 
for each direction. Seven trolley lines cross this bridge. For the 
information of engineers and others interested in bridges, may be 
added to the above description the following one — technical in details. 

This bridge has steel through trusses and deck plate girder 
approach span. There are two truss spans, each 445 feet and a girder 
span of 47 feet. The floor system is of buckle plate and creosoted wood 
blocks on the roadway. The sidewalks, nine feet wide, are concrete. 
There are four lines of girder rails. The masonry was erected in 1892 
and the superstructure in 1893. Besides the trolley lines of the Pitts- 
burgh Railways Company, the bridge carries two fifteen -inch natural 
gas mains and some telegraph cables. The bridge was purchased by 
the County Commissioners of Allegheny County and made free March 
16, 1911, at a total cost of $1,492,140. This bridge crossing is the 
site of the second bridge erected in Pittsburgh, in 1819. _ The county 
bridges are designated by number and stream. This bridge officially 
is "Allegheny County Bridge No. 2, over the Allegheny River." 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 77 

The Seventh Street Bridge is a suspension bridge and is modeled 
on beautiful lines. It was erected in 1884 and has recently been 
improved. It has three piers, is 1080 feet long, and 43 feet wide, with a 
center roadway, and is crossed by eight trolley lines. Its North Side 
approach is from Sandusky street at River avenue, the Baltimore and 
Ohio's North Side, or Allegheny Station, just above the approach. 

From a bridge engineer's view point this bridge may be described 
as a wrought iron Eye-bar suspension. It has two sidewalks each 
seven and one-half feet wide. It has a creosoted underwood floor and 
wood block, and four lines of girder rails. It has one approach span 
of 90 feet, two side spans each of 165 feet, and two main spans each 
330 feet. The width of the roadway is 22}^ feet. This bridge carries 
a twelve-inch gas main and telephone cables. It was purchased by 
the County Commissioners at the same time as the Sixth Street 
Bridge, March 16, 1911, and made free on that date. Its total cost 
was $250,000. Officially it is "Allegheny County Bridge No. 3, over 
the Allegheny River. " 

The Ninth Street Bridge just above is a Pratt truss. It is 1050 
feet long, 54 feet wide and has five piers. Its north side approach 
is from Anderson street, at Isabella street, the Baltimore and Ohio 
North Side passenger and freight station at Anderson and Isabella 
streets and facing River avenue immediately below the bridge. Two 
trolley routes cross this bridge. 

This bridge is described as of the steel through- truss kind, with 
deck plate girder approach spans. Its floor system is steel stringers 
with oak nailing pieces, planked lengthwise on the roadway and the 
same construction on side walks. It has eight lines of girder rails, and 
buckle plate, and concrete sidewalk on girder spans. It has three 
truss spans each 205 feet long, two truss spans, each 1523^ feet long 
and five deck girder spans each 16 feet long, Its roadway is 3334 feet 
wide. The bridge site is an old one replacing the Hand Street Bridge 
whose piers and superstructure were built in 1840. This was a covered 
wooden bridge, and originally had a promenade on top. New piers 
were built and the present bridge erected in 1890. The bridge has one 
shore and three river piers. Hand street was the original name of 
Ninth street, now Anderson street. The bridge is officially known as 
'■' Allegheny County Bridge No. 4," etc., and was purchased March 16, 
"1911, for $260,000, and made free from that date. 

There is a foot walk on the upper side of the massive Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad Bridge on the upper side of the lower level, much used 
by workmen, entered on the North Side by steps from Hope street, at 
River avenue, and left b}? - steps at the grain elevator on the river 
bank immediately below Eleventh street. This route is a short cut 
on foot from the upper North Side to the Pennsylvania Station and 
vicinity. It is not, however, recommended to strangers unacquainted 
with the city, though in daylight it will be available for a stroll, return- 
ing via any one of the lower bridges or the Sixteenth Street Bridge 
above, or at Herr's_Island — if one cares to walkso far — coming out on 



78 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Thirtieth street, returning to the Pennsylvania Station via Penn 
avenue. It may be used to visit the ' ' Home of the 57 " or the factories 
of the H. J. Heinz Company, at Heinz and Progress streets. 

The Sixteenth Street Bridge is an old fashioned wooden truss 
bridge with its North Side approach from Chestnut street. It is five 
blocks above Eleventh street, which begins on Liberty avenue, nearly 
in front of the Pennsylvania Station. This bridge connects manufac- 
turing districts and is traveled mainly by workmen and vehicles for 
the Freight Station of the Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Division of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad at Sixteenth and Pike streets. As stated 
above it is available if one wished to walk to the Heinz plant from the 
Pennsylvania Station. The bridge is not now used by any car line. 
Like Ninth street, Sixteenth street had an original name — Mechanics, 
and the bridge here is sometimes referred to by old timers under that 
designation. The structure is of the kind known as covered wooden 
Burr trusses with wooden floor beams. There are four truss spans, 
each 213.4 feet long and one truss span of 40 feet, making the total 
length with approaches about 900 feet. The roadway is 20^ feet 
wide and the sidewalks five feet each. The bridge was originally 
constructed in 1836 and rebuilt in 1866. It has three river piers. It 
was purchased by the County for $239,875, and is now "Allegheny 
County Bridge No. 5," and has been free since March 16, 1911. 

There is now no bridge until Thirtieth street or Herr's Island is 
reached. The bridge here is an iron truss and appears to be in two 
parts, really two distinct bridges. The shorter, or portion from the 
island to the north shore is owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad, but 
is free. From the island to the other shore the bridge is owned by 
Allegheny County. On the island are the Stock Yards, the. plants of 
the Pittsburgh Provision Company and the W. & H. Walker Company, 
soap makers. The North Side end comes out on East Ohio street, 
between McFadden and Ravine streets, where cars can be taken. 
If desirous of returning the reverse way or via Penn avenue, having 
gone to the island from the city on either of Routes 2 or 3, it 
will be necessary to cross to the "Pittsburgh side," coming out at 
Thirtieth and Penn avenue, where any car coming into the city will 
answer. These cars run west, or on the first track approached from 
the river or the north side of Penn avenue, cars stopping at the upper 
side of Thirtieth street. This bridge is in a manufacturing district and in 
use mainly by workmen patrons and the business people of the 
Stock Yards. There is no car line crossing the bridge. 

The Thirtieth Street Bridge is described as built with wrought 
iron through trusses with creosoted under floor and wood block. 
The angle of skew is ten degrees. It has one truss span of 
305 feet and two truss spans, each 228 feet long. There is one side- 
walk on the down stream side five feet wide. The roadway is 203^2 
feet wide. There are two river piers and a shore pier. The bridge cost 
the County $155,000 and is "County Bridge No. 6," etc. It was 
built in 1888 and has been free since March 16, 1911. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 79 

Next comes Forty- third street, reached by the Butler street cars 
from the City and on the North Side by Routes 2 and 3. The north 
entrance is from Grant avenue at Mill vale Station, in Mill vale Borough. 
Cars on Routes 2 and 3 pass this entrance. This bridge, formerly known 
as the Ewalt Street Bridge, is an old-style wooden truss and is a covered 
bridge similar to the one at Sixteenth street. No cars pass over the 
bridge. The bridge leads from the manufacturing district along the 
Allegheny River in that section of Pittsburgh known as Lawrenceville. 
Millvale is a populous borough outside of the corporate limits of Pitts- 
burgh. The bridge has two sidewalks, each six feet wide, a roadway 
20 jl feet wide, four spans each 246 feet, three river piers; was built 
in 1870, and was purchased by the County June 3, 1912, for $120,000, 
and made free from that date. Under the County designation it is 
officially "Allegheny County Bridge No. 7 over the Allegheny." 

The next bridge is from Butler street at Sixty-second street, 
the north side approach from Main street in the borough of 
Sharpsburg. There are two boroughs in this vicinity — on the north 
side of the Allegheny River, one on each side of Pine Creek; the lower 
named Etna. The Sharpsburg Bridge is a steel truss and is crossed 
by the cars of the Allegheny Valley interurban line, number 93; and on 
Routes 94 and 95. Cars on Route 96 will take passengers to the bridge 
but does not cross it. Sixty-second street is five miles from the center 
of business at Fifth avenue and Smithfield street. Cars on Routes 
93 and 94 are available to visit the Filtration Plant of the City of 
Pittsburgh, located on the Allegheny River in Aspinwall Borough. 
Aspinwall, Etna and Sharpsburg are outside the City limits. 

Technically, the Sharpsburg Bridge at Sixty-second street has 
steel through and deck trusses and through plate girders. It has 
flooring on wooden ties laid on steel stringers. The through truss 
spans measure 366 and 226 feet respectively, the deck truss spans, 
183 and 136 feet respectively; the through girder plate spans, 2, 30 
feet, 40 feet, 69 feet and 89 feet. The bridge has two sidewalks, each 
seven feet wide, three river piers and a roadway 21 feet wide. The 
bridge was built in 1899-1900, carries the tracks of the Pittsburgh 
Railways Company and crossed by three trolley Routes, 93, 94 and 
95. The bridge was purchased by the County and made free June 
12, 1912. Its total cost was $324,923.80. It is now ' ' Allegheny County 
Bridge No. 8 over the Allegheny. " 

The last bridge over the Allegheny touching the City is at the 
extreme end of Butler street at Highland Park and is called the Aspinwall 
and Highland Park bridge, or by either of these names. This is a canti- 
lever and is comparatively new. It is reached by cars on Route 96 
from downtown, via Penn avenue and Butler street to Negley and 
Penn avenues. 

Its cost has not been determined, as condemnation proceedings 
are still pending in the courts. The bridge was taken over by the 
County June 18, 1915, and made free from that date. Engineers will 
recognize the bridge as of the steel cantilever and viaduct type. The 



so 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



floor is planked on oak ties, resting on steel stringers. Its channel 
span is 450 feet, the two anchor arms 200 feet each. The through truss 
is 240 feet long and the pony truss 110 feet. The lattice girder is 110 
feet. Deck plate girders are three of 30 feet, four 40 feet and three 
90 feet. There are two river piers and four shore piers. Officially it 
is "County Bridge No. 9," etc. In each case above number applies 
to the Allegheny River. Other rivers and streams take corresponding 
numbers for the bridges crossing them. 

Just above this bridge is the railroad bridge of the Conemaugh. 
Division and Butler branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. This is 
exclusively for railroad traffic. At Thirty-third street, is the railroad 
bridge of" the Baltimore and Ohio over the Allegheny, and likewise 
only for railroad use. Under and below it are the Union Iron Mills of 
the Carnegie Steel Company at the south end. 

Above the City limits there are two bridges, but one is not 
altogether within Allegheny County. The bridge of the Bessemer 
R. R., above Harmarville, is very high and is a model of bridge 
engineering, but it is for railroad purposes exclusively. 

Over the Monongahela — The first bridge over the Monon- 
gahela River is at the historic Point and called the Point Bridge. It 




POINT BRIDGE. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 81 

is a massive structure and is at right angles to the new Manchester 
Bridge over the Allegheny River. The approach from Penn avenue 
and Water street to each is by a graded roadway gradually arising, 
and the south end of the Point Bridge comes out on West Carson street, 
at the power house of the Pittsburgh Railways Company for their 
West End lines. The bridge is conspicuous and is familiar in pictures 
of Pittsburgh with the large fleets of loadened coal barges moored 
under it. It will become familiar to people from New York City by 
reason of its similarity to the Brooklyn Bridge. It is an iron bridge 
without central piers, with a span of about 1200 feet and was opened 
for travel in 1876. It is the main highway to the West End and is 
used by cars on trolley Routes 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 
34, 35. 

The height of the floor above the ordinary level of the river is 
68.8 feet; height of towers, 100 feet; width of walk seven feet; width of 
roadway, 20 feet; flooring is plank; both roadways and walks. 

Next above is the railroad bridge of the Wabash System, with 
no vehicle or foot passage. This is a fine cantilever bridge, the south 
entrance from a tunnel under Mt. Washington. 

The third is the Smithfield Street Bridge, which shares with the 
Federal Street the greatest burden of travel of all lands. It has two 
roadways, the upper one built exclusively for trolley cars. It is of 
the type known as the Pauli truss and was opened for travel in 1882, 
the upper portion, provided for by the width of the piers, having been 
built some years later. It has four piers, is 1220 feet long, with two 
towers, the main spans about 360 feet, but the towers are not # high. 
It is a lenticular truss bridge, with parabolic chords, somewhat similar 
to the Federal Street Bridge, which, however, has its trolley way in 
the center of the roadway. There have recently been erected new 
portals to this bridge and it now presents a pleasing appearance. It 
is crossed by the interurban car lines to Washington and Canonsburg, 
Pa., and to Charleroi, Pa., and by city and suburban cars on Routes 
37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,- 48, 49, 50 and 51. 
It presents during business hours an animated scene of activities. The 
bridge site is old, first used in 1816, when a wooden bridge was erected 
which stood until 1832, when the immense flood of that year demol- 
ished it. Another was erected, also a wooden structure which stood 
until April 10, 1845, when it was burned in the great fire that devastated 
Pittsburgh on that day. A low suspension bridge on eight piers was 
then built, which became too great an obstruction to navigation and 
entirely inadequate to the immense traffic that developed, to the end 
that it was supplanted with the present structure, planned by Gustav 
Lindenthal. It is 60 feet above the ordinary level of the river. 

The width of this bridge is 71 feet, ten inches; width of roadway 
for vehicles 22 feet, two inches; width of part used by car lines 21 feet, 
four inches; width of sidewalk 12 feet, three inches east, and 12 feet, 
eight inches west, or down river side; planked floors and walks; creosoted 



82 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

wood blocks on vehicle roadway. This bridge may be also described 
as a parabolic bow-string truss. The length of span over the Pitts- 
burgh and Lake Erie tracks at the south end is 120 feet. 

Next above Smithfield street is "Pan Handle" Bridge, at Try 
street, exclusively for the trains of the Pennsylvania's Monongahela 
Division and their Southwest System, with a Y at the south end. 

Then comes the Second Avenue Bridge, more generally called 
the Tenth Street Bridge, but this means South Tenth street, as Pitts- 
burghers know there is no bridge over the Allegheny River at Tenth 
street. This is a modern bridge, a steel truss and was erected by the 
City to replace an antiquated covered wooden bridge purchased in 
1896. The Tenth Street Bridge is 1400 feet long, 50 feet wide and 
is 70 feet above the level of the river. It has four piers and is crossed 
by Route, 52, to South Thirty-Sixth street, accessible between 
Market and Grant streets on Third and Fourth avenues, and 
on Second avenue, from Grant street out. This bridge is a cut-off 
to reach the upper South Side flat region and the inclines at the heads 
of South Eleventh, Twelfth and Twenty-second streets. Its southern 
entrance is in a manufacturing district and is two blocks north of 
Carson street. Above the bridge Dam and Lock Number 1 are in 
plain view. At the north, or "Old City end, " will be seen the passenger 
yards of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the precipitate bluffs 
of Boyd's Hill. Four car routes lead out Second avenue but do not 
cross the bridge. These are on numbers 55, 56, 57 and 58. 

Technically this is a subdivided and simple Pratt truss, with 
creosoted wood block on roadway, and reinforced concrete on walks. 
Two piers were built at the time the present steel spans were erected; 
(1905) the other piers belonged to the former bridge. There are five 
spans; the measurements: one of 292 feet, five inches; one of 453 feet, 
ten inches, and three of 217 feet, 834 inches each. 

Immediately above Lock No. 1 is the South Twenty-second 
Street Bridge, usually called the "Twenty-second Street Bridge;" 
Pittsburgh people are aware there is no bridge over the Allegheny 
river at the other Twenty-second street. The bridge at South Twenty- 
second street is also called the Brady Street Bridge from the connecting 
street at the north end. It was the first free bridge in the City, and was 
built by the City in 1896. It is an imposing and massive structure, a 
steel truss bridge with side spans, Warren truss, with a three hinged 
spandrel braced arch; with buckle plates and wood block paving on 
roadway and concrete on walks. The width of the roadway is 27 
feet, eight inches; the walks 10 feet, eight inches. The bridge has four 
piers. The spans measure as follows: two 262 feet, three inches; one, 
522 feet, six inches; hence the bridge is 10763^ feet long. 

Just above the South Twenty -second Street Bridge is the railroad 
bridge of the Jones & Laughlin Company, connecting their different 
works along the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh. This bridge has 
a footwalk for the workmen of the company and is of a type of railroad 
bridge quite familiar. It is closed to the public. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 83 

The next bridge above is that owned by the Pittsburgh Railways 
Company from Glenwood to the Borough of Hays. This was built 
by the United Railways Company, since absorbed by the Pittsburgh 
Railways Company. It carries cars on Routes 55 and 56, running on 
Second avenue. The bridge is a wrought iron truss and calls for no 
particular mention. It is not a County bridge, however, and though 
open to vehicle and passenger traffic, tolls are charged. Owned by a 
private corporation of a public service character the bridge is necessary 
for the purposes of this service and the vehicle and passenger uses are 
incidental. The Pittsburgh Railways Company also owns the bridge 
known as the West Braddock Bridge, extending from Rankin to Munhall, 
which is about five miles further up the river. Remember the Monon- 
gahela flows north and up is southwardly. Pedestrians and vehicles 
are permitted to cross the West Braddock Bridge also and the toll 
rates are about the same as those charged ;pn the Glenwood Bridge of 
the Railways Company. Just how much is saved to the public by 
reason of the many bridges made free by purchase or otherwise by the 
City of Pittsburgh and the County of Allegheny, can be estimated by 
the following table of tolls as a basis: 

TOLLS. 

Foot passengers, male .......... .01 Three horses and wagon 20 

Motorcycle and rider 05 Four horses and wagon 25 

Bicycle and rider 05 Two and three-passenger automo- 

Horse and rider .05 bile 10 

One horse,buggy|and one passenger .10 Four and five-passenger automo- 

Two horses, buggy and not over bile 15 

eight passengers .15 Six and seven-passenger automo> 

Two horses, buggy and over eight bile 20 

passengers 30 Sight-Seeing automobile 30 

One horse and wagon 10 Small automobile delivery 10 

Two horses and wagon 15 One or two-ton auto truck 20 

Next above the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. bridge is the County 
bridge at Nine Mile Run, officially "Allegheny County Bridge No. 4 
over the Monongahela River." It connects the Squirrel Hill section 
of the City with the Borough of Homestead. It is a wrought iron truss 
bridge, the flooring plank on oak ties laid across wrought iron stringers. 
It has four spans, each 232 feet, 5 inches, one of 370 feet. It has a 
roadway 20 feet wide and a sidewalk on the down stream side 73^ feet 
wide. It was built in 1894 and has four river piers. It carries the 
tracks over the Pittsburgh Railways Company on Routes 68 and 80. 
It was taken over by the County June 17, 1915, and made free. An 
award of $260,000 was made by the viewers in condemnation proceedings 
on which an appeal was taken to the courts ._ This is the last bridge over 
the Monongahela within the corporate limits of the city. The lengths 
of the bridges across the Monongahela approximate closely to that of 
the last mentioned. 



84 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Bridges Not Free. — It is to be remembered that there are four 
bridges within the County which have not been acquired by the County 
Commissioners, and made free of tolls; these are: the bridges between 
Glenwood and Hays Borough; and Rankin and Whitaker Boroughs, both 
crossing the Monongahela which are owned and operated by the 
Pittsburgh Railways Company; the bridge from Boquet Station, 
Allegheny County to New Kensington, in Westmoreland County, 
crossing the Allegheny river, and the bridge over the Ohio River, that 
part known as the "back channel", crossing from Coraopolis Borough 
to Neville Island, at the lower end of the Island. Autoists and others 
coming into the City by vehicle will take note that tolls are still 
collected over these bridges. 

Bridges Not over Rivers. — There are bridge structures in 
Pittsburgh crossing ravines and gorges that are really magnificent and 
to those interested in bridge architecture these will appeal as admirable 
types of engineering from more than one standpoint. Some of the 
bridges have been constructed under the auspices of the "Art Com- 
mission of the City of Pittsburgh," a body created by legislative 
enactment (see under "Government"). Among these bridges may be 
mentioned the Atherton avenue, the Hoeveler street, the Bloomfield, 
the Haight's Run, called Heth's Run, the Meadow street, the Larimer 
avenue, the Murray avenue and the Sylvan avenue. 

There are other bridges not of so recent construction, but 
worthy of note. Those in Schenley Park for instance, especially that 
over Panther Hollow. The Atherton Avenue and Bloomfield Bridges 
cross the Pennsylvania Railroad. The first is a solid center concrete 
structure of three arches connecting with the Baum boulevard; the 
latter a long and high steel structure connecting the Grant boulevard 
on Herron Hill with Liberty avenue at Main street. The Hoeveler 
Street Bridge is a single concrete arch of wondrous strength and beauty 
crossing Princeton place. The Haight's Run Bridge over the deep and 
romantic gorge of that run at the western boundary of Highland Park 
is worthy of a visit, especially if one be touring the park. The Murray 
Avenue Bridge crosses the Beechwood boulevard. The Meadow Street 
Bridge over a branch of Negley Run is another solid structure of concrete. 
The Sylvan Avenue Bridge is over Forward avenue in the Greenfield 
district. 

Along the trolley lines are many bridges, the highest that over 
Jacks Run on the North Side, and called the High Bridge, crossed by 
Route 10 inbound, and 15 outbound, and Routes 13, 14, 15 and 16. 

Pittsburgh is renowned for bridge building, some of the world's 
great bridge works are in the Pittsburgh District, viz.: the American 
Bridge Company at Ambridge, the Fort Pitt Co., at Canonsburg, and 
the Des Moines Bridge Co.'s plant on Neville Island in the Ohio River. 



CHAPTER IV 

Accommodations 

Hotels, Restaurants, Lunch Rooms 



Hotels. — The hotels in the business section have been mentioned 
in the directions preceding. These are mainly downtown, but there 
are many smaller hotels scattered through the city, which it is unnec- 
essary to mention in detail. Pittsburgh is now well supplied with first 
class hotels, adequate for any ordinary crowds and all mentioned have 
good reputations, some with distinctive characteristics. None advertise 
extensively, though all do at times; however, in appointments, meals, 
hotel facilities, and treatment, they satisfy the most exacting. 

Any classifications made would be arbitrary. Pittsburgh is a 
thoroughly business center, and the arrangement that classifies hotels 
into fashionable and ultra-fashionable finds little to recommend it. 
Good accommodations, service and treatment, will be found universal. 

Most Pittsburgh hotels are conducted on the European plan; a 
few on the American, and a few combine both plans. There are some 
excellent old Pittsburgh hotels that charge only a dollar ($1.00) a day 
for a small room. Mention of these will be found in the list of hotels 
in the latter part of this book. (See appendix A.) 

Hotels conducted on the American plan charge from $2. ,50 to 
$5.00 per day, and those on the European plan from $1.00 up. 

There are many business people traveling who desire a hotel near 
a railroad station, yet desire the best hotel accommodations possible. 
Some people, on the contrary, desire a quiet resting place — trolleys 
they are accustomed to, but the noise of trains is distracting. Those 
desiring a stopping place contiguous to the Pennsylvania Station are 
recommended to the Fort Pitt, new William Penn, or Seventh Avenue, 
as first class; and the Lafayette, American or Grise for cheaper rates. 

The William Penn Hotel, at Sixth avenue, William Penn 
square and Oliver avenue, has recently been opened to the public; 
the building is 130 x 215, having twenty-three stories — twenty above 
ground and three below, having 1,000 rooms, each with bath; also three 
restaurants — European plan, rates $2.50 per day and up. The restau- 
rants include Italian Room, Georgian Room, and Elizabethan Room. 
The ball room, banquet hall and private dining rooms occupy the 

85 



86 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



entire eighteenth floor. The ball room seats 1,000 people; entire 
seating capacity 2,300. This is the latest in hotel construction in 
Pittsburgh, and from architectural and other view points is well worth 
a visit. 




WILLIAM PENN HOTEL 
SIXTH AVENUE, WILLIAM PENN SQUARE AND OLIVER AVENUE 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



87 



The Fort Pitt Hotel. — Another new and modern hotel deserves 
special mention — The Fort Pitt at Penn avenue and Tenth street 
occupying a space of 110 x 260 feet; having eleven stories above ground 




and two below; with 700 rooms (few without bath) at $1.50 per day, 
and up, European plan. Dining rooms include main dining room, 
Empire Room, Rose Room, and French Room; also a banquet hall on 
main floor with a seating capacity of 500. The Dutch Room, Assembly 
Room and private dining rooms are located on the first floor. This is 



88 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

a popular hotel for banquets and lunches of all kinds ; there are special 
rooms for meetings of lodges and societies, which are largely patronized 
by women's organizations. 

The Monongahela House is diagonally opposite the Baltimore and 
Ohio station (the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh using the same 
station), and directly across the river from the Pittsburgh & Lake 
Erie station. Several lower-priced hotels will be found in this neigh- 
borhood. The Monongahela is an old Pittsburgh hotel, as is also the 
St. Charles at Wood street and Third avenue, the latter a much 
smaller house. 

The prominent downtown hotels have been mentioned in 
Chapter II under heads "From Railroad Stations to Hotels and from 
One Station to Another." In addition to those above noted first-class 
hotels downtown are located as follows : The Henry on Fifth avenue 
above Smithfield -street ; the Duquesne, at Smithfield street and Oliver 
avenue; the Lincoln, on Penn avenue below Stanwix street, (Fifth 
street); the Anderson, at Penn avenue and Federal street, (Sixth 
street) ; the Colonial, on the opposite corner, (across Penn avenue) ; 
the Annex, on Penn avenue, immediately above the Colonial; the 
Seventh Avenue, at Liberty and Seventh avenues. 

The Hotel Schenley is in the Oakland district and has been 
mentioned. (See chapter II page 27.) 

It is but a few minutes walk or ride by trolley cars from any of 
the downtown hotels to any of the principal railroad stations, so that 
the visitor will have little trouble in reaching any particular hotel, 
as explained in the preceding pages under the headings" Trolley Lines 
to Hotels." These directions will be available also to find a hotel 
removed from proximity to a railroad station. 

There are several hotels that are exclusive family hotels; the 
Rittenhouse, on North Highland avenue, and the Kenmawr, on Shady 
avenue. Others are family hotels to a greater extent, but catering 
also to transient guests, such as the Lamont and Dorset in the East 
End. Therefore the hotels mentioned in the list appended may be 
taken as principally patronized by transient guests. 

Visitors usually select their stopping place in a large city from 
the experience of friends who recommend, or from advertisements read 
before their arrival. It is unwise to leave the choice of a hotel to a 
hack or taxi-cab driver. If an information bureau is in the station, 
ask there, or any policeman met will direct to any hotel desired. How- 
ever, the specific and carefully written directions in these pages as to 
how to proceed from any railroad station to any good hotel should be 
sufficient, and no mistake will be made in stopping at any one of the 
houses mentioned, or any one listed in the latter part of this book. 

The Newell Hotel at 343 Fifth avenue is a first class hotel down 
town and is exclusively for men. 

Smaller hotels down town are the Rush House, 966 Liberty 
avenue; the American House, at 1002 Liberty avenue, (opposite Tenth 
street); the La Fayette, at 1010 Liberty; the Sixth Avenue, at corner 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 89 

of Grant street; the Hotel Drumm, 512 Grant street; the Commer- 
cial, 123 Federal street (Sixth); Sheppard's, adjoining; the Acorn, 114 
Fourth avenue; the Liberty, 801 Liberty avenue; the Merchants, '415 
Water street. 

On North Federal street, across the bridge, are several hotels of 
this class: the Wainwright, 2 Federal; the Wolfendale, 211 Federal; 
Sauer's Tavern, 311 Federal, and Jack's, 824 Federal street. 

There is no hotel exclusively for women, but several for men 
only, such as the Grand, or Fourth avenue below Market street, and 
the Yoder Hotel on Forbes street near Magee — the latter on the plan 
of the Mills Hotel in New York, a lodging place at a minimum of twenty- 
five cents for a small room with a single bed. 

The lack of an exclusive hotel for women is made up by the 
accommodations offered by the Young Women's Christian Association 
at their Central Building, No. 59 Chatham street near Wylie avenue, 
and their Duquesne way branch house, at 424 on that thoroughfare, 
near Stanwix street. 

Restaurants. — Restaurants are attached to almost ' all the 
hotels, especially the hotels On the European plan. Visitors, whose 
time is limited in touring the city, have little opportunity to return to 
their hotels for lunch or dinner, if they wish to do much sight-seeing, 
so that recourse to a nearby restaurant will be frequently necessary. 

As in all cities there is wide range in the character and class of 
restaurants. The restaurants of the better class of hotels, such as the 
Fort Pitt, Schenley, etc., are quiet and refined, with a cuisine and service 
admirable, and charges high. Music is furnished at many of these 
hotel restaurants, but cabaret performances are not in vogue. The 
Hotel Lincoln has a roof garden where meals are served in the summer 
season. On holidays special menus are provided at all the hotels. 
The restaurant service in Pittsburgh does not vary to any extent from 
that usual in any American city. 

There are restaurants where German cooking is a specialty, 
and others for Italian cooking, and there are popular resorts for after 
theatre parties, and the usual assortment of Chinese restaurants for 
those who desire that kind of meals. 

Among the well known German restaurants are Dimling Broth- 
ers', at Wood and Diamond streets; George Dimling's, on Diamond 
square; the J. Black Company's Vienna Restaurant, at 628 Liberty 
avenue; Bookliner's at 640 Liberty avenue; Rueckeisen's Germania 
Cafe,- 144 Federal street (Sixth); the Bismarck Cafe, next door; 
Schacher's at 546 Smithfield street; the Hofbrau, 332 Diamond 
street, and "Dutch" Henry's, at Grant street and Second avenue. 

Italian restaurants are common in the Italian section along 
Webster avenue above Sixth avenue, and on Washington place near 
the Pennsylvania Station. Downtown, the Nixon Restaurant, of 
which Frank Bongiovanni is proprietor, in the basement of the Nixon 
Theatre, at Sixth avenue and Cherry way; Coffrini's on Ferry 
street, opposite Wabash Station, and Battaglia's on Webster avenue, 



90 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

near Sixth avenue, are first class restaurants where Italian cooking is 
the special feature. On the North Side, the Villa Nova Hotel at Federal 
and General Robinson streets makes a specialty of Italian cuisine. 

Greek restaurants can be found on lower Wylie avenue, and on 
Fourth avenue between Market street and Liberty avenue. 

Kosher restaurants abound in the Hebrew section and along 
Wylie avenue. They can be found on Logan and Clark streets, and 
on lower Center avenue. Klein's, at 809 Fifth avenue, and Canter's, 
at 1229 Fifth avenue, both beyond the bend of the avenue at Ross 
street, are well known restaurants of this class, and are easily accessible 
from the business districts via Fifth avenue cars. 

First class restaurants abound in the downtown business dis- 
trict. Chief of these are Goettman's, 324 Diamond street; the 
Union Restaurant at Diamond and Grant streets; HammeU's, in the 
Jenkins Arcade, on Liberty; Miller's Cafetaria, in the Fifth Avenue 
Arcade, and also in the Duquesne Hotel Building; Piatt's Cafe, 248 
Fifth avenue; McCarthy's, on Diamond street below Wood street; 
Weiss', 414 Smithfield street; Black's, 438 Wood street; Truby's, on 
Federal street; Brennan's, 636 Penn avenue; Murphy's, 212 Smithfield 
street, and Graham's, at 330 Fourth avenue. At all these there 
are special accommodations for women. 

There are first class restaurants in all the large Pittsburgh 
Department Stores, especially in Kaufmann's, McCreery's, Home's, 
Kaufmann & Baer's, and Campbell's downtown, and Boggs & Buhl's 
on Federal street, North Side. Rosenbaum's operate a luncheon and 
tea-room in the basement of their store. 

In addition to their regular dining service for guests, some of 
the larger hotels operate cafes, notably the Monongahela, the Fort 
Pitt, Anderson and Duquesne. A regular "Business Man's Luncheon" 
is conducted by the Fort Pitt Hotel, first-class in every respect. 

High class restaurants are maintained in the Pennsylvania 
Station at Liberty avenue and Eleventh street, and in the Pittsburgh 
& Lake Erie Station on South Smithfield street. 

On the North Side (formerly Allegheny), good eating houses 
will be found along the main business streets — Federal and Ohio; 
worthy of mention are Artz's, two houses; Wolfendale's and Sauer's, 
where bars are attached, and Hay's Restaurant, 416 Federal street, 
and the Library Lunch, 801 Federal street. 

Lunch Rooms. — Lunch rooms are scattered all over the business 
section. Among the best known are Childs', in the Park Building at 
Fifth avenue and Smithfield street, and at Liberty avenue and Federal 
(Sixth) street; Davis's Delicatessen lunch rooms under the Grand 
Opera House; Price's, 505 Market street; McDonald's, 535 Liberty 
avenue; John Dimling's, 409 Market street; Fulton Lunch, in the Fulton 
Building, Federal street; the Elgin, 444 Liberty avenue; Fishel's, 233 
Fifth avenue; Thompson's on Fifth avenue and on Federal street 
(Sixth), and the Fountain Lunch, in the Jenkins Arcade. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 01 

Those desiring meatless meals will be accommodated at Bernarr 
McFadden's restaurant, 626 Smithfield street. 

The Dairy Lunch System, now so common, has found a per- 
manent place in Pittsburgh, and lunch rooms of this character will 
be found on the principal business streets downtown. Among these 
may be mentioned, those of the Pittsburgh Dairy Lunch, on Smith- 
field street; Liberty avenue, at Sixth avenue, on federal (Sixth) 
street and at Penn avenue and Federal street; the Arlington Lunch, 
at Wood street and Third avenue; there are others of this class on 
Wood street and Fourth avenue. 

There are several restaurants and lunch clubs downtown, which, 
while not exclusively for women, are high class, and are mainly patron- 
ized by women. Among these are the Woman's Exchange, on Oliver 
avenue near Liberty avenue, and the Little Lunch Room, on the same 
street above Wood street. The lunch rooms of the Young Women s 
Christian Association on Chatham street, and on Duquesne way, 
are maintained for women only. 

On Fourth avenue, the Central Lunch Club serves only dinner 
between 11 and 2. This Club is at 329 Fourth avenue, in the Fitz- 
simmons Building, and is largely patronized by women. Home 
cooking is the specialty advertised. This club operates a similar 
service, 11 to 2:30 in the Eisner Building, at Wood street and Fifth 

In East Liberty, on Penn avenue between Center and Shady 
avenues, and on Frankstown avenue about Station street, will be 
found many restaurants and lunch rooms. 

On the South Side, along Carson street, and in the Hazelwood 
district, along Second avenue, will be found many good restaurants 
and lunch rooms. . _ , « . , 

The- suburban towns, such as Carnegie, Homestead, Carrick, 
East Pittsburgh, Wilmerding, etc., have their own accommodations 
in the restaurant line, which are found in the mam business portions 
of the towns. 



CHAPTER V 

Public Buildings 



NEW CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING.— The new City and 
County Building now in course of erection, will attract attention. 
It occupies the full square bounded by Grant and Ross streets, Diamond 
street and Fourth avenue. The style" of architecture is Roman, the 
material granite on steel frames, with terra cotta trimmings. The 
dimensions are 184 feet by 306 feet. There are nine stories and three 
mezzanine stories. The plan is rectangular, built around a hollow 
court; this interior court is 144 feet long by 84 feet wide, the width 
being more than twice as wide as Fourth avenue, which is a 40-foot 
street. The height of the building from the curb to the main cornice 
line is 151 feet. The City will occupy one-half the basement, one-half 
of the first, and one-half of the second floor; and the third, fourth, 
fifth and sixth floors, and one-half of the ninth floor. The County 
will occupy one-half of the basement, one-half of the first floor, one- 
half of the second, the seventh, and the seventh mezzanine floor, the 
eighth and the eighth mezzanine floor, and one-half of the ninth floor. 

The building is plain in character, and is intended to express 
the home of the executive offices of the City of Pittsburgh and the 
courts and offices connected with the administration of justice in 
Allegheny County. The Grant street front is the main facade. This 
facade has an entrance feature consisting of three very large arches 
opening on an entrance loggia. The walls of the loggia are treated in 
moulded brick with the arches above forming three flat domes which 
will be treated in Spanish flat tile. From the Grant street loggia the 
first floor corridor, finished in marble, with a large painting in the 
middle, extends straight through, 28 feet wide, to Ross street, on the 
Diamond street side of which open the offices for the County of 
Allegheny of the Recorder of Deeds, Register of Wills and the Pro- 
thonotary. On the Fourth avenue side are located for the City of 
Pittsburgh, the offices of the City Treasurer, the City Controller, and 
the Information Bureau connected with the Department of Public 
Safety, Police Department. The offices above are served by twelve 
elevators in four banks of three each, six located near the Grant street 
entrance and six near the Ross street entrance. The offices to be 
occupied by the City provide 151,000 square feet of floor space, and 
will house all the City departments with the exception of the downtown 
lockup, the garages connected with the City automobile service, and 
City yards and storage places. The space now owned or occupied by 
the City as offices amounts to 86,000 square feet. The offices in the 

92 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



93 





■■■:- ■- ..- .-,-■ ... ..■. 



W^ 






NEW CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING, GRANT STREET. 

new building are provided on the basis that the city's business can be 
conducted in these offices until the City is twice as large as it is now, 
after which time it being the further intention that either the City or 
the County will relinquish its space in this building and turn it over to 
the remaining party; if it should be the City of Pittsburgh, it is estimated 
that the City can conduct its business in this building until it is more 
than four times as large as now. 

The County of Allegheny on the seventh floor will have twelve 
Common Pleas Court Rooms, one Assignment Court Room, one 
vSpecial Hearing Room, and provisions for male and female witnesses 
and jurors, court stenographers, and other necessary rooms, all of the 
business of the Common Pleas Courts of Allegheny County being taken 



94 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



care of on this floor. In addititon there are provided on the eighth 
floor, three large court rooms for special cases. On the eighth floor 
there are provided three court rooms for the Orphans Court, an office 
for the Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and rooms 
for the Supreme Court Justices. There are also four extra court rooms 
for future growth. On the ninth floor is provided a space for the Law 
Library with provision for storage of 100,000 volumes and book stacks, 
the present library consists of 40,000 volumes. There is also provided 
a common meeting room and rooms for the Bar Association of Alle- 
gheny County, a total of 6,400 square feet, the present space occupied 
by them in the old Court House being 1,600 square feet. The building 
is designed as regards the County portion of the building in the housing 
of the Courts mentioned above to take care of the present and future 
growth for thirty years. The building was begun July 5, 1915, and 
the contracts call for its completion January 1, 1917. Edward B. Lee, 
and Palmer, Hornbostel and Jones are the associated architects for the 
building. 

The Allegheny County Court House. — The visitor will be struck 
with the solid appearance of the large building occupying the block 




ALLEGHENY COUNTY COURT HOUSE. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 95 

bounded by Fifth avenue, Grant street, Diamond and Ross streets. 
Upon inquiry he will be informed that this is the Court House of 
Allegheny County, of which Pittsburgh is the county seat. The 
Court House and Jail erected on this site prior to 1840 and were the 
second of the kind erected in the county. This Court House burned 
May 7, 1882. It stood high above the streets, and this necessitated 
the grading of the entire block. The opposite block on Ross street 
was purchased on which the jail was first erected. The Court House 
was finished and dedicated September 28, 1888, on the occasion of the 
celebration of the centennial of the County. It has already become 
inadequate for the purposes intended and the joint City and County 
building on the next block below is designed to provide additional 
room as explained in the article herein referring to that building. 
The Court House and Jail cost $4,000,000. An extensive addition 
to the Jail was made in 1909 at the cost of $600,000 using all the space 
to Sixth avenue and extending back to Diamond street. There is a 
bronze tablet to the designing architect, H. H. Richardson, on the second 
floor. Herbert McCullough, president of the Pittsburgh Architectural 
Club writes of this noble structure for this guide book and voices the 
opinion of architects in general as follows: 

"The Allegheny County Court House and Jail was designed and 
executed by the architects Henry Hobson Richardson, and Shepley, 
Rutan,and Coolidge, of Boston, the former having been chiefly responsi- 
ble for the development in this country of the Romanesque style which 
has here been made the medium of architectural expression. 

"The opinion is generally held among architects that this build- 
ing, together with Trinity Church, of Boston, marks the culmination of 
modern Romanesque movement, and although Richardson did not live 
to see the completion of the work, it is conceded to be among the best 
examples of his ability as a designer. 

"The Court House is rectangular in plan, with a central open 
court, with its main entrance on Grant street, through a tower 
some 330 feet in height, which dominates the entire group, and 
which, for beauty and dignity, is the most notable feature of the build- 
ing. The main staircase, rising from the first floor through a series of 
low and massive arches, is also worthy of remark. 

"The County Jail is located behind the Court House, forming a 
separate group, communication between the two being established by a 
passage over the street, commonly known as the Bridge of Sighs, an 
adaptation of a famous Italian structure of the same name. The Jail 
has been designed in a forbidding, mediaeval spirit that gives it dis- 
tinctive character, and it is cut off from the surrounding streets by a high 
wall that is an example of masonry construction worthy of observation, 
as it is constructed of granite blocks of great size. 

"After its completion this Court House, with its great tower, 
steep tiled roofs, and high dormers, was extensively copied for public 
building work in various parts of the United States, but with the 



96 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

development of steel construction, and the growth in popularity and 
public appreciation of the Classic types, the Romanesque style of 
which it is an exponent no longer retains its influence, and is only to 
be regarded as one of the many phases through which architectural 
development on America has passed." 

As it is a building that has been extensively advertised and is 
always shown in works illustrating Pittsburgh, the visitor is advised 
to walk through its ample corridors and admire the strength and beauty 
of its architecture. 

MEMORIAL HALL. 

Facing the Hotel Schenley at the corner of the Grant boulevard 
is the magnificent public building called Memorial Hall of Allegheny 
County, erected in honor and memory of the soldiers, sailors and 
marines from Allegheny County, who served in defense of the Union 
during the war for the suppression of the rebellion. History now 
refers to this as the Civil War in the United States, 1861-1865. The 
above description by title has been taken from the official pamphlet 
issued by the County at the time of the dedication of the Hall. The 
building, usually referred to as "Memorial Hall," was erected by the 
authority of the taxpayers of Allegheny County, pursuant to a popular 
vote provided by a special Act of Legislature of Pennsylvania, approved 
April 12, 1905. The origin of the movement for this suitable memorial 
dates back to 1891, in discussions of the Allegheny County Grand Army 
Association, composed of delegates from the 28 posts of the Grand Army 
of the Republic located in the County. The movement grew and a 
sentiment developed in the community favoring the erection of a mem- 
orial which should be of a character so improving and impressive as to 
represent the wealth, intelligence and patriotic sentiment of the great 
industrial center about Pittsburgh, and which Abraham Lincoln had 
aptly referred to as "The State of Allegheny." It would be tedious 
to recite here the legislation necessary to proceed with the project, 
and the litigation that ensued after the enabling act was passed. The 
constitutionality of the act was affirmed by the Supreme Court in 
January, 1908, and the last obstacle to the success of the project was 
removed. Previously, January, 1906, a public meeting of the survivors 
of the Civil War had" been held in P : ttsburgh, as provided by the Act, 
and pursuant to a published notice, a Memorial Hall Committee, 
composed of ten veterans, was appointed at this meeting, and two 
months later the entire committee was appointed, as provided by the 
Act. The additions comprised two resident Judges of the Courts of 
Common Pleas of Allegheny County as then constituted, and the 
three County Commissioners. The site on which the building stands 
was purchased from the Schenley Farms Company, and competitive 
designs invited for the building which were referred to Prof. 
Warren P. Laird, of the University of Pennsylvania, as Consulting 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



97 



Engineer. The award went to Messrs. Palmer & Hornbostel, February 
15, 1907; the contract was awarded November 25, 1907, and the corner 
stone laid with appropriate ritualistic ceremonies, October 2, 1908, 
at which many prominent men made addresses. The building was 




SOLDIERS AND SAILORS MEMORIAL HALL. 

completed October 1, 1910, and its dedication arranged for the next 
week, during which the dedicatory services lasted five days, beginning 
Sunday, October 9th. These were gala days in Pittsburgh, and again 
men of national fame attended and took part in the ceremonies. The 
entire cost of the building and grounds was $1,700,000, additional 
frontage having been added to bring the lawns and approaches to 
Fifth avenue. The grounds are ornamented with flower beds, trees 
and shrubbery. By special permission of the County Commissioners, 
the basement of the Hall is used as an armory by, the Washington 
Infantrv, a distinguished independent military company of Pittsburgh, 
dating "back to the War of 1812, in which it served under the 
name of the Pittsburgh Blues, also in the Mexican War, as the Jackson 
Independent Blues, and in the Civil War, 1865, as the Washington 
Infantry, for that war furnishing a battalion which was incorporated 
first in the 12th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, in April, 1861, for 
the three months' service, and later in the year into the 102d Regiment, 
Pennsylvania Volunteers, for the three years' service, and in which the 



98 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Washington Infantry contingent served through the war. The armory 
of the Infantry is open Friday evenings. • 

The Company was reorganized after that war, and has been 
in continuous existence ever since. It is regarded as one of the crack 
military organizations of the United States. The Company observes 
Washington's Birthday with a parade and banquet. 

Memorial Hall is located on a city square, having a frontage of 
280 feet on Fifth avenue, between Grant boulevard and Natalie 
street, and extending back 589 feet to O'Hara avenue. The building 
has an extreme width of 240 feet with a depth of 210 feet. The struc- 
ture forms the architectural center of a large group of public buildings. 
The Memorial faces Fifth avenue, looking over Schenley Park and 
towards the imposing Carnegie Institute. East of the Memorial are 
the buildings of the University Club and Pittsburgh Athletic Associ- 
ation, fine specimens of architecture, while to the west is the commodious 
Armory of the Eighteenth Regiment, National Guard of Pennsylvania, 
and on the north the group of buildings of the University of Pittsburgh, 
forming a splendid background of classic structures on the sloping, 
picturesque hillside. The exterior of the Memorial building speaks 
for itself in the fine illustration herewith given, and needs no description 
of its contour and external beauty. The front entrance is flanked by 
two projecting wings, each containing a room for meeting of Posts of 
the Grand Army of the Republic, the Encampments of the Union 
Veteran Legion, and organizations auxiliary thereto. Over the entrance 
is a statue in bronze, representing "America," modeled by Mr. Charles 
Keck. The main entrance foyer is rectangular in form, with a barrel 
vaulted ceiling resting on a cornice supported by free standing columns. 
This foyer opens directly to the main auditorium and, on each end, to 
the memorial corridor extending along the three other sides of the 
building. 

The main auditorium has a seating capacity of 2550, being 122 
feet clear span on the square and 65 feet from the center of the floor to 
the ceiling, the floor sloping to a large stage at the rear with a seating 
capacity of 300. A commodious gallery extends around three sides 
of the room, all being lighted during the day by immense one-piece 
plate glass windows 20 feet high, and illuminated at night by a system 
which comprises Cooper-Hewitt mercury vapor lamps, Moore nitrogen 
vapor tubes, flaming arcs and incandescent lamps, placed above the 
ceiling of the auditorium and reflected down, while on the surface of the 
ceiling incandescent lights are placed. The ceiling is broken into 
panels by deep plaster soffits covering the bottom chord of the trusses 
which support the floor of the banquet hall above. The banquet hall, 
having a seating capacity of 750 for banquet purposes, is reached by 
elevators and staircases, is 32 feet from floor to ceiling, 74 feet in width 
and 103 feet deep. A gallery extends around the upper part of this 
hall, under which, on each side, are the corridors giving access to the 
Memorial Hall^Committee headquarters room, library and souvenir 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 99 

rooms, office of superintendent, cloak rooms, kitchens and pantries 
with a promenade corridor at the front thereof. 

Memorial Hall is open to the public, week days from 8 A. M. to 
5 P. M.; on Sundays and holidays from 1 to 5 P. M.; in fact never 
closed during these afternoon hours. 

The collections of Civil War relics, pamphlets and newspapers of 
that era is already large and growing. There is also a library of every 
thing pertaining to the history of the war. The County Commissioners 
are placing bronze tablets on the walls containing the names of all 
soldiers from Allegheny County arranged by company, regimental 
and battery rosters. A number of these are already in place, as listed 
in a succeeding paragraph. There are also portraits and oil paintings of 
Civil War commanders and paintings and views of battle scenes, and 
many maps of campaigns and battlefields. A register of visitors is 
kept. The Hall is much used as a place of meetings for reunions of 
the survivors of the different organizations that were recruited in 
Western Pennsylvania, and the friends and relatives of deceased 
soldiers. In this form of commemoration Allegheny County is the 
pioneer of Pennsylvania. 

In 1914 tablets containing the rosters of the 38th, 61st, 62d, 
and 139th Regiments, and Independent Batteries C, E, F, G and H 
were erected, and in 1915, those of the 28th, 37th, 64th, 77th, 80th 
101st, 102d, 103d, 116th, 117th, 149th, 155th and 159th Regiments. In 
1916 the following will be placed: The 46th, 63d, 65th, 76th, 78th, 
82d 100th, 105th, 112th, 132d, 136th, 204th and 212th. These are 
the line numbers and do not indicate the branch of service. 

The Federal Building— This United States Government Build- 
ing occupies the block bounded by Smithfield street, Third and Fourth 
avenues and Cherry way. It is usually referred to as the "Post Office" 
from the fact that the postal service predominates in the use of tbp 
building. All the Government offices are not housed here, but the 
United States District and Circuit Courts, the Clerks of these Courts 
The United States District Attorney, the United States Marshall and 
various officers of the Department of Justice; the Collector of the Port, 
the Collector of Internal Revenue, the Supervising Inspectors of Steam- 
boats and some other officials have their offices in the building. 



CHAPTER VI 

The Carnegfie Foundations 

Carnegie Library and Institute. — Chief among the public 
institutions of the City are the magnificent buildings of the Carnegie 
Foundations, officially called The Carnegie Library and Institute. The 
Institute has three branches, the Museum of Art, the Museum of 
Science and the Carnegie Institute of Technology. The Museums are 
housed in the Central Library building at Schenley Park, extending 
along Forbes street from Bellefield avenue to Mawhinney street. 
The building covers nearly four acres _ and is of the Italian Renaissance 
type. The foundations of the building were laid in 1892, and the 
building completed and opened to the public in 1895. In 1907, it was 
remodeled and enlarged and has cost in all $6,000,000.00. The endow- 
ment of the Institute is $12,264,000.00, the City appropriating approxi- 
mately $300,000.00 annually for the maintenance of the Central 
Library and Museum. 

The new stack of the Library will hold 800,000 volumes. It is 
amply lighted from three large courts, and is built of white enameled 
terra cotta. The furniture is of enameled iron, and great care has been 
taken to make the entire stack as dust proof as possible. It is equipped 
with the most improved book-conveyor system, connecting all floors 
of the stack with the circulation and reference departments. 

The beautiful paintings and decorative marbles of the halls and 
staircases are worthy of special attention. Connecting with the stair 
hall are three galleries of 23,500 square feet of floor space for annual 
and special exhibitions. On the third floor, reached by elevators, 
are galleries for the permanent collections of the Institute, making a 
total wall surface sufficient for about a mile and three-quarters of 
pictures. 

The Museum has 104,000 square feet of space on the first, second 
and third floors; and a special library occupies the entire eastern end 
of the great central court. 

The Curator's work and preparation rooms are in the basement 
and on the third floor, served by spacious elevators. 

A Lecture Hall seating 633 persons opens from the Museum 
section. Here the Pittsburgh Academy of Science and Art holds 
meetings, and provide lectures of special and general interest which are 
free to the public. 

The great Foyer has been added to the Hall of Music. It is 
60 feet wide, 135 feet long, and 45 feet high, and contains 24 columns of 
Grecian Tinos green marble 28 feet high, which support a balcony 

100 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



101 




102 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

encircling the Hall. The Hall has a seating capacity of 2,000 persons 
and in it there is given each Saturday evening and Sunday afternoon, 
organ concerts by the City Organist. The Hall is also used as a meet- 
ing place for the Allegheny County Teachers at their annual Institute 
and for public lectures and meetings; also for other concert purposes 
for which a rental is charged. 

The Engine Room is an attractive feature of the building as it 
is unusual in size and finish. It occupies a side of the central court 
and will well repay a visit. All engines and electrical machinery are 
in duplicate. The main switchboard controls 25,000 electric lamps, 
and over 200 miles of electric wires. There are 70 motors for ventil- 
ating and power purposes, which can be comfortably viewed from the 
visitors' gallery. The heating and ventilating system is very complete, 
the contract price having been $635,000.00. 

The boiler plant of 2,400 horse-power is located outside, in the 
ravine to the south of the main building. Here there is used the 
cheapest grade of Pittsburgh coal with positively no smoke at any time. 

Separate mention is made herein of the Library, Department of 
Museums, Department of Fine Arts and Carnegie Institute of Tech- 
nology under their respective heads. 

THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH. 

The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, opened in 1895, is a refer- 
ence and circulating library free to residents of the City. It was founded 
through the munificence of Andrew Carnegie and is maintained by 
appropriations made by the municipality. Mr. Carnegie's gifts to 
the Library and Museum have amounted to more than six and one- 
half million dollars. 

The Library contains a well-selected collection of 450,000 
volumes and is especially rich in works relating to the industries of 
Western Pennsylvania. Special collections of ethics and architecture 
are also noteworthy. It has been a pioneer in the development of 
library service for engineers and business men and for children, and 
has acquired a world-wide reputation for its contributions to the Horary 
profession, through its published catalogs and bibliographies. 

In connection with the Library, and under its supervision, is 
the Training School for Children's Librarians, which was endowed by 
Mr. Carnegie in 1901, and is the only school of the kind in the world. 
Its object is to prepare young women for library work with children. 
It has drawn pupils from twenty-seven states and seven foreign 
countries. The course of instruction covers two years. 

The use of the Library for reading and study is free to all visitors. 
Books are lent from the lending department to all residents of the 
City without charge. Competent, expert attendants are provided to 
assist visitors in obtaining quickly the desired information. These 
may also be consulted by letter or telephone. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 103 

The Library is managed by a Board of Trustees, of which (1916) 
Samuel Harden Church is President. The Librarian is Harrison W. 
Craver. 

The book collection is housed in a Central and eight branch 
libraries. In addition there are collections of books in the public 
school buildings, in various philanthropic and mercantile establishments, 
and a system of small traveling libraries for children is operated in the 
districts remote from the library buildings. 

The Central Library building, situated on Forbes street, at the 
entrance to Schenley Park, is a massive Italian renaissance structure, 
400 by 600 feet in size and covering over four acres of ground. It 
contains the greater part of the book collection, the administrative 
offices, the Training School for Children's Librarians, the reference 
and technology departments, a periodical reading room and lending 
departments for adults and children. It is also the headquarters of 
the various kinds of extension work undertaken by the Library. The 
building also houses the Museum, Art Galleries, and Music Hall of 
the Carnegie Institute. It is open from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M. on week 
days and from 2 to 6 P. M. on Sundays. 

The eight branch libraries contain collections of from 12,000 to 
25,000 volumes each of the works in most frequent use, but are chiefly 
devoted to books for home reading. Reading rooms for adults and 
children, supplied with reference books and periodicals are also pro- 
vided however. The branches are open from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. 
on week days. The number of visitors to the Library buildings during 
1915 was 1,579,877. The number of books used was 2,911,286, of which 
1,355,980 volumes were lent for home reading. 

Other Libraries — For mention of the Carnegie Free Library of 
Allegheny and the Branch Libraries of the Carnegie Foundations 
in Pittsburgh. See Chapter XVIII, General Information, under 
"Libraries". 

Further information may be obtained by addressing the 
Librarian, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. 

Department of Fine Arts. — The Galleries of the Department of 
Fine Arts are on the second floor of the Museum Building. 

The permanent collections include an important chronological 
collection of architectural casts, collections of paintings, drawings, 
bronzes, sculptural casts, Japanese prints, etchings, in fact everything 
that would come under the designation of "Fine Arts. " 

Each spring this department presents an international exhibition 
of modern paintings, which has become world famous. It attracts the 
work of the best European and American painters. Other exhibitions 
of paintings, applied arts, prints and sculptures, are held during the 
year, the galleries being the scene of exhibitions under the auspices of 
The Art Society, The Associated Artists of Pittsburgh, The Pittsburgh 
Architectural Club, The Pittsburgh Camera Club, The Pittsburgh 
Etching Club, The Duquesne Camera Club, and similar organizations. 



104 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

The mural decorations of the Museum Building, by the late 
John W. Alexander, a native of Pittsburgh, are accounted among the 
most important contributions to the field of mural paintings in America. 
These paintings in the Museum Building are especially worthy of 
notice; that of "The Spirit of Pittsburgh" decorating the stairway 
entering the museum. 

The First International Exhibition of Paintings was held in the 
fall of 1896. Until that time, no annual international exhibition had 
been held in this country, although desultory contributions from foreign 
artists appeared in several American exhibitions. 

In the Hall of Architecture is shown a collection of architectural 
casts. The chief purpose of the Institute, dedicated as it is to the 
education and inspiration of the people, has been kept in view in the 
selection of the collection, which occupies the central portion of the 
hall. Comparatively few casts, therefore, have been placed within the 
columns, which surround the hall, and these have been arranged, in 
so far as the arbitrary dimensions of the works would permit, in a single 
group of imposing and beautiful objects. The collection will be ex- 
tended under the balcony and in this portion of the hall a larger 
number of casts will be installed in chronological sequence. 

The Hall of Statuary, is in itself, a beautiful representation of 
the Doric order of architecture. The columns, pilasters and plinths 
are constructed of Pentalic marble from the quarry near Athens. In 
this hall are assembled reproductions of many of the masterpieces of 
Greek, Roman, and Egyptian statuary. 

On the second floor, in the Hall of Bronzes, are exhibited repro- 
ductions in fac-simile of statues, busts and various articles found in the 
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries on the sites of Herculaneum, 
Pompeii and Stabiae, and preserved in the Naples Museum. The total 
number of objects in this collection is three hundred and thirteen. A 
collection of one hundred and twenty-five original drawings by American 
artists, is shown in the small gallery adjoining the Hall of Bronzes. 

The Department of Fine Arts is in charge of Director John W. 
Beatty and is open week days 10:00 A. M. to 10:30 P. M. Sundays 
2:00 P. M. to 5:00 P. M. Closed on Fourth of July, Christmas and 
Memorial Days. 

THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 

The Carnegie Museum is recognized to-day as one of the four 
leading natural history museums of the United States, the other three 
being the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C, the 
American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York, and 
the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. The Carnegie 
Museum, however, in some respects, covers a larger field than the 
museums in Washington and Chicago, for its collections embrace the 
"arts and crafts," covering the debatable territory between anthro- 
pology and the fine arts. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 105 

The museum is under the same roof with the Carnegie Library 
of Pittsburgh and the Department of Fine Arts of the Carnegie Institute. 
That portion of the great main edifice containing the Department of 
the Museum cost approximately $2,500,000. The collections amassed 
by the museum in various ways aggregate in value $1,250,000. The 
museum is maintained from the income of funds devoted to this purpose 
by Mr. Andrew Carnegie. The Director of the Museum is Dr. W. J. 
Holland. The staff of the Museum consists of forty persons, including 
the curators of various sections, numerous preparators and assistants 
engaged in technical work, or pursuing scientific researches. 

The collections of the Museum are divided into two series: 
those displayed in the public galleries, which are open from 10 A. M. 
to 10 P. M. every week-day excepting Christmas and the Fourth of 
July, and on Sundays from 2 to 6 P. M., and the "Study Collections," 
consisting of collections which are preserved in rooms where they are 
accessible to students who desire to pursue intensive studies. At the 
present time the collections of the Museum contain nearly two millions 
of objects, large and small. These collections are catalogued and 
arranged so that they may be made accessible to any one who desires 
to consult them. 

The "Display Collections" are exhibited in sixteen halls, or 
galleries, some of them of very large size. The resej ve, or "Study 
Collections" are arranged in thirteen rooms, which are designated as 
"Laboratories." In addition the Museum possesses a library placed 
in a beautiful room, well-lighted, and provided with stacks, capable of 
holding 40,000 volumes. There are a number of work-shops occupied 
by preparators, a photographic laboratory, a drafting-room, and a 
suite of three rooms occupied by the Director and his office force. 

The Museum is particularly rich in collections illustrating the 
sciences of mineralogy and geology, paleontology, botany, mammalogy, 
ornithology, ichthyology, entomology, archeology, and ethnology. 
Among the various collections which are contained in the Museum the 
following may be mentioned as having special interest : 

1. The Jefferis Collection of Minerals, embracing the finest 
assemblage of the minerals of Pennsylvania in existence. 

2. The botanical collections, containing mounted specimens of 
over 150,000 species. 

3. The paleontological collections, which are especially rich in 
Miocene mammals and Mesozoic reptiles. Among the latter is the 
skeleton of Apatosaurus louisae, the largest mounted skeleton of a 
dinosaur at present in any museum, and the famous skeleton of Diplo- 
docus carnegiei, replicas of which have been donated by Mr. Andrew 
Carnegie to the national museums of England, Germany, France, 
Austria, Italy, Russia, Spain and Argentina. The paleontological 
collections also include the great Bayet Collection consisting of 120,000 
specimens representing the fossil fauna of European lands, purchased 



106 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

by Mr. Carnegie from Baron Ernst Bayet, the Secretary of King Leopold 
of Belgium, and donated to the Museum in 1903. 

4. The collection of mammals includes the magnificent series of 
large mammalia collected in East Africa and Abyssinia by Mr. Childs 
Frick on the occasion of two expeditions made by him to these countries. 
There is also a small collection representing the mammals collected by 
Col. Theodore Roosevelt on the occasion of his expedition to East 
Africa, obtained through the United States National Museum. The 
collections of the mammals of the Western Hemisphere, obtained from 
various sources, are also large. Many of the specimens are most 
beautifully mounted and displayed in groups showing the natural 
surroundings. In the Gallery of Mammals is mounted the first speci- 
men of the White, or Broad-nosed Rhinoceros, brought back from 
Lado, in Africa, many years ago, and also a number of beautiful specimens 
collected in the Canadian Rockies and in Mexico by Mr. John M. 
Phillips and Dr. Wm. T. Hornaday. The most complete collection of 
the mammals of the region of Hudson Bay is found here. 

5. The collection of birds contains more than 50,000 specimens. 
The birds of Pennsylvania are exhibited in three cases, where they can 
easily be studied. Every bird known to have its habitat or visit in 
Pennsylvania is shown in this exhibit. The collections of birds from 
Central and South America are very large. Among the ornaments of 
the Gallery of Birds is the collection of mounted specimens representing 
the avifauna of Western Europe, purchased from Baron Schauberg of 
Holland, and the great collection of birds of New Zealand, purchased 
from the late Sir Walter Buller, upon which he founded the revised 
edition of his work "The Birds of New Zealand." 

6. The collection of recent reptiles is large and growing and 
contains a practically complete collection of the reptiles known to 
exist in the Eastern United States. 

7. The collection of fishes is one of the most important in the 
United States and is especially rich in species from South America, 
of which more than 300 are the original types first described in the 
publications of the Carnegie Museum. There is also a large collection 
of fishes from Japan and the eastern seas. 

8. The collection of insects of various orders is one of the 
largest in the Western Hemisphere. The nucleus of this consists of 
the collections made by the Director of the Museum during the past 
forty years, including by purchase, many of the more important col- 
lections written upon and described by the leading entomologists of 
America. Among the collections here incorporated is the collection 
of the late W. H. Edwards, representing the butterflies of North 
America, the Ulke Collection of the beetles of the United States con- 
taining 11,000 species represented by 120,000 specimens, and the largest 
collection of lepidoptera of West Africa in existence, made by various 
collectors, and a vast collection of insects of all orders from South 
America. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 107 

9. The collection of shells is large and rich in types described 
by the fathers of American conchology; Adams, Anthony, Bland, Lea, 
and others. 

10. The archeological and ethnological collections are extensive. 
The cultures of the various Indian tribes of North America are well- 
represented. ._ The largest and most important collection showing the 
ancient civilization of Costa Rica in existence is that contained in the 
Carnegie Museum. There is a considerable collection of Egyptian 
antiquities, including an ancient boat donated by Mr. Carnegie, which 
was buried in a crypt at Dakshur six hundred years before Abraham 
left TJr of the Chaldees. There are also articles taken from the mummies 
and tombs of the kings of the First Egyptian Dynasty. There is a 
fine collection of Etruscan pottery forming a part of the bequest of the 
late Mr. Charles Spang of Pittsburgh and Paris. 

11. The historical collections are interesting and important. 
Here are shown the skeleton of "Old Sorrel," the horse upon which 
General "Stonewall" Jackson was seated when he was killed at 
Chancellorsville, and some of the cannon surrendered at Saratoga by 
General Burgoyne to General Gates. 

12. One of the most interesting rooms in the Museum is that 
devoted to coins and gems, where there is exhibited a magnificent 
collection of watches deposited by Mr. H. J. Heinz, containing among 
other things a watch which belonged to Admiral Nelson, the hero of 
Trafalgar. 

13. Another room which attracts thousands of visitors, is that 
in which is displayed the Heinz Collection of Ivory Carvings, one of the 
finest of its kind in the world. In this same gallery are displayed 
beautiful collections of Chinese porcelains among them five wonderful 
vases deposited by Miss Eleanor Holmes, a collection of replicas of 
medieval silver-ware donated by Mr. Herbert DuPuy, as well as a fine 
triptych from the cathedral at Bamberg, likewise donated by Mr. 
DuPuy, a collection of ancient Japanese arms deposited by the Hon. 
Irwin B. Laughlin, and various other collections representing the fictile, 
textile and other minor arts. 

The Carnegie Museum maintains a very close relationship with 
the schools, colleges, and universities of Western Pennsylvania, and was 
the first institution of its kind in America to send "travelling collections " 
into the schools, in which activity it enjoys the compliment of imitation 
on an even much larger scale by the museums of New York, Chicago, 
and St. Louis. 

The publications of the Museum consist of "Annual Reports," 
"Annals," and "Memoirs." The latter two publications are rich in 
the results of scientific investigation in various directions. 

THE TECH SCHOOL 

Emerging from the Carnegie Library the visitor may wish to 
inspect the various buildings of the Carnegie Institute of Technology 
nearby. He will therefore turn to the left and cross the bridge which 



108 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

spans a spur track of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and continue 
through the park, the Institute's buildings in plain view. 

The Carnegie Institute of Technology is open to visitors through- 
out the year from 9:00 A. M. to 5:00 P. M., with the exception of 
holidays and Sundays. Classes are in session five days a week from 
8:30 A. M. to 4:30 P. M. from about the middle of September to the 
middle of June. An interesting time to make a trip through the buildings 
is during the evening, between 7:30 and 9:30, when the large body of 
night students is at work. The night school is in operation from the 
first of October to the first of May. _ Visitors can inspect the various 
departments without special permission; those who prefer to have a 
guide, or a guide-book can secure one, at the Registrar's Office in the 
Central Building, without expense. 

A brief history of this institute, one of the most popular of Mr. 
Carnegie's foundations seems in order. The institute has been a success 
from its beginning and is attaining a world-wide fame. The buildings 
and their arrangement receive much attention and favorable comment 
upon their thoroughly practical character. The style of architecture 
is simple, yet pleasing. Adornment has been subordinated to utility 
and it may be doubted if there is anywhere else a group of so many 
buildings so thoroughly adapted to the uses intended. The Institute 
receives many visitors and is one of the chief spots of interest in " Seeing 
Pittsburgh. " 

The History of the Foundation. — The existence of the Carnegie 
Institute of Technology dates from a letter written by Andrew Carnegie 
November 15, 1900, to Mayor Diehl of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh had 
become at the beginning of the twentieth century a notable center of 
collossal industries. As such, it had exceptional need for technical and 
industrial training. At this time when the City was about to consider 
an appropriation of $100,000 with which to begin a technical school, 
the opportunity presented itself to Mr. Carnegie to make what has 
since proven one of his most memorable gifts. He offered the funds to 
found a technical institute on the condition that the City should 
provide a suitable location, and he concluded his letter with the assur- 
ance, "my heart is in the work." These words have since been given 
permanent significance by being embodied in the official seal of the insti- 
tution. Pittsburgh accepted Mr. Carnegie's tender January 28, 1901. 
The year 1902 was spent in selecting a site, in February, 1903, a tract 
of 32 acres adjoining Schenley Park was acquired by the City, and deeded 
to the trustees who had undertaken the task of bringing the "Carnegie 
Technical Schools" into being. The determination of what Western 
Pennsylvania needed in the field of technical education consumed the 
remainder of the year. The preparation of the architectural plans 
occupied the next year. Ground was broken for the first group of 
buildings, April 3, 1905; six months later, when the doors were opened 
on October 16, students were admitted up to the capacity of the one 
building then available for use. The demands upon the schools for 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 109 

technical education immediately became so considerable as to make 
early and frequent extensions necessary; and the founder, in conse- 
quence, has provided funds, as needed, for new buildings, equipment 
and endowment, until his original gift of $1,000,000 has grown to a 
present investment of approximately $13,500,000. In the ten years 
from 1905 to 1915, twelve buildings have been erected, and relatively 
placed so as to form a quadrangle. April 20, 1912, the name of ' ' Carnegie 
Technical Schools" was officially changed to the "Carnegie Institute 
of Technology," and the institution received from the State of Penn- 
sylvania a charter of incorporation, with the power to confer degrees. 
The first degrees were conferred at the fifth commencement, June 1912. 

Arthur A. Hammerschlag, Ph. D., was appointed Director of 
the Carnegie Technical Schools November 10, 1903, and has since 
remained in charge of the Institute. The first diplomas were awarded 
in June 1908, 58 in number to graduates in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, 
Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering and in Architecture. 

The history of the first decade can be condensed into the following 
table of statistics: 

1905-6 1915-16 

Number of students 765 3,432 

Faculty. 61 226 

Graduates 00 1,408 

Number of Departments 12 32 

Number of Buildings 2 12 

Annual Expenditures $ 72,540 $ 603,320 

Endowment 2,000,000 9,000,000 

Grounds 350,000 350,000 

Buildings 800,000 3,500,000 

Equipment... 60,000 800,000 

The Carnegie Type of Education. — In these days of many colleges 
of many types it is not surprising that some uncertainty should exist in 
the public mind as to the specific purpose for which any particular 
institution may stand. The Carnegie Institute of Technology is 
primarily concerned with technical education, grouping its work into 
four main divisions, (1) courses in engineering for men; (2) courses in 
the fine and applied arts for both men and women; (3) industrial courses 
for men, and (4) courses for women which combine training for the home, 
and for a profession. The Institute consists of four separate schools, 
each with its own faculty, buildings and students, and each giving 
both day and night instructions. 

1. School of Applied Science — the engineering college. 

2. School of Applied Design — the art school. 

3. School of Applied Industries — the industrial school. 

4. Margaret Morrison Carnegie School — the college for women. 
The School of Applied Industries.— Buildings.-— The School of 

Applied Industries is the first group of buildings reached by the visitor, 
following the route given in the note at the beginning of this article. 



110 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



These were the first three units erected in the architectural program of 
the Carnegie Institute of Technology. They were constructed in 
1905-06 and cost $800,000. They contain basement, the forge shop, 
foundry, building construction drawing-room, student clubroom; 
first floor, machine shop, structural drawing-room, electrical equipment 
laboratory, sheet, cornice and art metal shop, offices of the department 
of student health, and printing shop; second floor, electric- wiring shop, 
pattern shop, mechanical drawing-room, plumbing shop, carpentry 
and manual training shop, and laboratory of psychology; third 
floor, mechanical drawing-room, and laboratories for the chemistry of 
materials, mechanism and physics. Courses of Instructions. — Industrial 
courses are given in machine construction, building construction, 
general equipment and installation, and printing. Also a course for 
the training of industrial teachers, leading to the degree of Bachelor of 
Science in Industrial Education. Short courses are offered in machine 
shop, pattern-making, and mechanical drawing, electric- wiring, plumb- 
ing, foundry, forging, carpentry, printing, and bricklaying, for mature 
applicants who have had some experience in their trades. 

The School of Applied Science. — Buildings — (1) Machinery 
Hall, the building with the tower, located at the extreme west end of 
the campus, was built in 1912-13, and cost $518,000. It contains the 




INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 
MACHINERY HALL AND "THE TOWER' 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 111 

departments of mechanical and electrical engineering, and the power 
plant for the entire institution. In the tower has been installed a well- 
equipped radio-telegraphy plant, one of the most powerful wireless 
stations in the Middle West. The receiving range extends as far west 
as Honolulu and as far east as Germany, and the sending radius from 
all stations east of the Rocky Mountains to those aboard ships on the 
Atlantic Ocean. Visitors may be interested to notice that the tower 
is an architectural feature, masking the chimney of the power plant. (2 
and 3) The East and West Science Buildings, the two connected struc- 
tures on the north side of the campus, were erected in 1907-08 and cost 
$790,000. They contain the departments of chemical, civil, commercial, 
metallurgical, mining and sanitary engineering, and the departments 
of languages, mathematics, physics, mechanics, and machine design, 
with the usual laboratories, drafting-rooms, lecture and class-rooms, 
and offices. Courses of Instruction — Day and night courses are given 
in chemical, civil, commercial, electrical, mechanical, metallurgical, 
mining, and sanitary engineering, leading to the degree of Bachelor of 
Science. Also courses in science in preparation for teaching or for 
research. 

The School of Applied Design. — Building — Located on the 
crest of the campus. The central portion of this building was com- 
pleted in September, 1912, the two wings added in 1915-16. The cost 
of all was $850,000. The main entrance is through the center of the 
five niches which are the architectural features of the front facade. The 
visitor finds himself at once in a large and impressive foyer of limestone, 
with a high arched ceiling. To the right are the three entrances to the 
theatre of the department of dramatic art, perhaps the most notable 
room in the Institute buildings. Over the proscenium appear the words 
"Ici LTnspiration Deploye ses Ailes" (Here Inspiration Spreads Its 
Wings). To the left of the foyer, three entrances lead to a large hall 
used for concerts by the symphony orchestra of the Department of 
Music (60 pieces) and for exhibitions and judgments by the department 
of architecture, painting and decoration. The walls are occupied 
most of the time by student work done in competitions. On the first 
floor also are the library of the Design School and the rehearsal, property, 
class and green rooms of the Department of Dramatic Arts. The mez- 
zanine floor contains the practice and teaching rooms for the Department 
of Music ; also the scene-painting and dressing rooms for the Department 
of Dramatic Arts. The second floor is devoted entirely to the Department 
of Architecture, and the third floor to the Department of Painting and 
Decoration, with skylighted studios for drawing and painting from life, 
cast and still life, and a large design room for those taking the courses 
in decoration, illustration and normal art. The fourth floor is given 
over to private studios for members of the faculty, and two large rooms 
with 70 loges for the architectural students. Courses of Instruction — 
Day and night courses are given in architecture, painting, decoration, 
illustration, sculpture, music, and dramatic arts, open both to men and 
women, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. 



112 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Margaret Morrison Carnegie School. — Building — The Mar- 
garet Morrison Carnegie School, the college for women, named after 
the Founder's mother, devotes itself to the education and training of 
women, not only for the home, but also along specific technical [lines. 
It is located at the east end of the campus. The original building was 
erected in 1906-07, amd the west wing in 1914. The total cost was 
$498,000. The parts of the building likely to interest the average 
visitor are: (1) the studios for weaving, lace-making, basketry, jewelry, 
leather-work, book-binding and designing in the department of home 
arts and crafts; (2) the studios for sewing, dressmaking, embroidering, 
millinery, and costume design in the department of costume economics; 

(3) the instructional kitchens and practice dining-rooms in the depart- 
ment of household economics; (4) the shorthand, typewriting and 
business method rooms of the department of secretarial studies; 
(5) the laboratories for biology, bacteriology, physics and chemistry of 
the department of science; and (6) the model furnished apartment of 
six rooms and bath. Courses of Instruction — The regular day courses 
require four years of resident study, and lead to the degree of Bachelor 
of Science. Six different courses are offered: (1) household economics, 
(2) secretarial studies, (3) costume economics, (4) home arts and crafts, 
(5) social work, (6) general science. Night courses are offered in 
bookkeeping, shorthand, and typewriting, sewing and dressmaking, 
cooking and handicrafts; and in continuation work for teachers. The 
scope of the work in the day courses may be indicated by a partial 
list of typical positions held by graduates: (1) teachers in high or normal 
schools, and in other schools of such subjects as domestic science, sewing 
and dressmaking, commercial studies, chemistry, and arts and crafts; 
(2) hospital dietitians, lunch and tea-room managers, organizing 
housekeepers; (3) business and secretarial positions of varied sorts; 

(4) supervisors of art; (5) dressmakers; (6) social workers and organizers; 
(7) directors of playgrounds; (8) craft workers. 

General Information. — Registration — The registration for 1915- 
16 is 3432, of which 2765 are men and 667 women. Forty states and 
twenty foreign countries are represented in the enrollment. Fees — 
The total fees for day courses range from $38 to $58 a year; for night 
courses from $11.50 to $18 a year. 

Camp Louise Carnegie. — The Institute operates, as part of its 
work, Camp Louise Carnegie, which is situated near Pittsburgh, on the 
Allegheny River. It is a 750-acre engineering camp where students in 
certain courses are stationed for their field of wbrk during the summer. 
The camp is reached in fifty minutes by the Allegheny Valley Division 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the station "Glencairn" on the property. 
The Camp is open for women affiliated with the school from June to 
an agreed-on date in August in each year. 

Athletics. — At Tech these activities are such as are common 
to all universities. The large athletic Field House at the extreme 
eastern end of the campus contains a gymnasium 90 feet long by 
43 feet wide and 22 feet high, thoroughly equipped with a complement 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 113 

of gymnasium appliances. In addition to the gym exercises inter- 
class and inter-school competitions are arranged. A gymnasium 
exclusively for women is located on the fourth floor of the Margaret 
Morrison Carnegie School. 

Student Organizations. — There are various Technical Societies 
among the students, such as the "Tech Architectural Club," (men); 
"Tech Design Club", (women); etc. Territorial Clubs, such as the 
"New England Club," etc. Musical clubs, glee, mandolin, 60 members, 
The Institute Band, 20 pieces; and the Choral Club of 50 members. 
There are four publications, the "Tartan," the "Thistle," the "Puppet" 
and the "Bagpipe," the first named a weekly. Twelve fraternities 
have chapters among the students. The Margaret Morrison Carnegie 
School, the women's school have their separate clubs and six sororities. 

Dormitories for Men. — Two dormitories for men are operated by 
the Institute. Both contain club-rooms, and on each floor is an out- 
door sleeping porch for optional use. Single rooms rent for $90.00 per 
college year, and double rooms for $136 and $150. These charges 
include light, heat,_ service and all bedding except blankets, but do not 
include meals, which are secured at the Institute restaurant on the 
campus. Adequate bathing and toilet facilities are provided for each 
building. The rooms are furnished with a bed, chifforobe, table, 
chairs and rugs. 

Dormitories for Women. — The Institute also maintains three 
dormitories for women. The . rooms, single, double, and triple, are 
furnished with a rug, curtains, 36-inch cot, mattress and pillow, dresser 
or chiffonier, study table and chairs. The following terms include 
room, with light and heat, and three meals a day: Single rooms, $315 
per college year, double rooms $279 and triple rooms $261. Each 
dormitory has as chaperon a resident faculty representative, and a 
matron. 

Cost of a College Year. — The cost of a year's study at Carnegie 
naturally varies with individuals. With economy, it may show a 
total as low as $350. Many students go through comfortably for 
$400, all expenses included. A distribution of the expense items in 
the average case may be estimated as follows: (1) fees, $50.00; (2) books 
and supplies $30.00; (3) dormitory room for year $68.00; (4) board at 
Institute restaurant, $126.00; (5) clothes, laundry and incidentals, 
$76.00; total, $350.00. This low expense rate is principally due to 
the small fees, which are nominal compared with those in other insti- 
tutions, and are made possible by the Institute's liberal endowment. 



CHAPTER VII 

Amusements 

Amusement Parks, Baseball, Theatres, The Expo- 
sition, Races, Winter Sports 

Amusement Parks. — There are two amusement parks in the 
Pittsburgh district open usually from May to September. Of these 
Kennywood is the larger. It is situated on a bluff overlooking the 
Monongahela River opposite Braddock. It is a wooded, natural 
park to which has been added the amusement devices common to all 
such parks, with the usual concessions in the way of entertainment. 
It is reached by car line 68, and special cars are put on during the 
season, which are labeled "Kennywood Park," and the usual transfers 
given at transfer points, as noted in the preceding article pertaining to 
"Trolley Service in Pittsburgh." The admission to the park is free 
and the fare from the City is ten cents. 

The other amusement park is West View, on the north side of 
the Allegheny River. It, too, is a fine, natural park, enhanced with 
the usual amusement features and devices. This park is reached by 
cars on Routes 10 and 15. 

Eldora Park on the interurban line to Charleroi is often visited 
for a pleasure trip, but is too far away for every day crowds from 
Pittsburgh. 

Athletics. — The public grounds for athletic sports are: Washing- 
ton Park, Arsenal Park, the Schenley Oval in Schenley Park; and the 
smaller parks and playgrounds as noted under the heads "Public 
Parks and Playgrounds." On the North Side, the West Park has a 
tennis court, a lake and seasonable bathing for children and winter ice 
skating for all. 

The various athletic associations and clubs have their athletic 
fields, confined exclusively to the use of their members with provisions 
made for visitors under their separate codes of rules. The same is 
true of college and academy athletes. 

Baseball. — The grounds of the Pittsburgh club of the National 
League, known as "Forbes Field," are in Oakland, near the Hotel 
Schenley and adjoining Schenley Park. They are reached by any of 
the Forbes street or Fifth avenue car lines to Forbes and Bouquet 
streets, or the Grant boulevard at Forbes street. See separate mention 
"Forbes Field." 

114 



Pittsburgh; How To See It 



115 



Forbes Field, the home of the Pittsburgh Baseball Club, is the 
finest ball park, in matter of situation and construction, in the baseball 
world. The field is named in honor of that stern old Scot, General 
John Forbes, who gave Pittsburgh its name by wresting Fort Duquesne 
from the French and calling it Fort Pitt. The stand at Forbes Field 
spreads its great iron wings 889 feet from tip to tip and has a seating 
capacity of approximately 17,000. This, in addition to bleacher 
space, gives a total seating capacity of about 23,000. Three hundred 
cars of sand and gravel, 45 cars of cement, 60 cars of brick, 60 cars of 
structural iron, 21 cars of sewer pipe, glass, frames and elevator material, 
21 cars of ornamental iron, and 31 cars of chairs were used in the con- 
struction of this plant. Dull statistics, but of great aid to the mind 
in trying to grasp the immensity of this enterprise. The stand is 
divided into three receding tiers, and so ample are its facilities for 




FORBES FIELD, OAKLAND 

egress that when filled to its capacity it can easily be emptied in eight 
minutes. Forbes Field has two huge passenger elevators to handle the 
people to and from the upper floors, a facility possessed by no other 
ball park. The main entrances to Forbes Field are at Bouquet and 
Louisa streets. There are also special emergency entrances on Louisa 
street and on Bouquet street for large days and holidays. The entrance 
to the 50 cent bleacher is on Louisa street and 25 cent bleacher on 
Bouquet street. Forbes street cars in either direction are preferable 
to reach the Field, Routes 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 79 and 



116 Pittsburgh; How To See It 

80. Get off at Bouquet street. Fifth avenue lines, Routes 75 
and 76 will take passengers to Bouquet street, one block north of 
Forbes. Cars on Routes 79 and 80 turn from and into Fifth 
avenue at Bouquet street but pass the Field going each way. Route 
75 runs on Ellsworth and Center avenues entering Fifth avenue 
via Neville street, but passing Bouquet street. Tickets to base ball 
games can be purchased downtown at Spalding's Athletic Goods 
Emporium, 608 Wood street, Harry Davis' Grand Opera House 
Arcade, No. 325 Fifth avenue, and at the store of the May Drug Co., 
at Penn and Highland avenues, East Liberty. 

Many intercollegiate foot ball games take place in Forbes 
Field throughout the season, but these are held under the supervision 
of the University of Pittsburgh, who rent the property for this purpose. 

Forbes Field has been written into the history of Pittsburgh in 
the story of the centennial celebration of the founding of the Christian, 
or Disciples Church, by Rev. Alexander Campbell. This anniversary 
was celebrated by a convention of the church which met in Pittsburgh 
October 11 to 18, 1909. On Sunday, October 17, a vast concourse 
gathered in Forbes Field, when 25,000 persons partook of communion. 

Amusements; Theatres. — Pittsburgh is well supplied with 
theatres and a good variety of entertainment is afforded throughout 
the year, ranging from legitimate drama to moving pictures. There 
are five principal theatres: the Nixon, on Sixth avenue; the Alvin, 
on Federal street (Sixth) ; The Grand, on Fifth avenue with a dramatic 
stock company; the Davis at 532 Smithfield street; and the Duquesne, 
Penn avenue near Federal street (Sixth) . The Nixon is the largest. 

Downtown is also the Lyceum Theatre on Penn avenue, near 
Federal street (Sixth). This house is devoted principally to melo- 
drama. 

The Harris Theatre, Diamond street below Smithfield street, is 
a vaudeville house, as is also the Davis Theatre. 

The Gayety at Federal street and Duquesne way; the Academy 
at 812 Liberty avenue, and the Victoria at 956 Liberty avenue, are 
burlesque houses. 

The Miles Theatre recently erected at Penn avenue and 
Sandusky street (Seventh), has been reopened (January, 1916) under 
its former name "The Pitt Theatre" for the production of first-class 
film shows. 

In the East End, the Empire Theatre at 222 Collins avenue, 
near Penn avenue, presents its Stock Company with a wide range of 
repertoire, and the Sheridan Square Theatre at 6108 Penn avenue, 
is devoted to vaudeville. 

In Oakland, the Schenley Theatre, on Forbes street, near 
Schenley Park, offers concert, opera and special feature attractions. 

On the North Side, the American Theatre, at 819 Federal street, 
is vaudeville. 



Pittsburgh; How To See It 



117 






/till 




NIXON THEATRE 
SIXTH AVENUE AND CHERRY WAY 

The Davis Theatre was built and opened in 1915. It, the 
Harris, the Pitt and the Nixon are of comparatively recent con- 
struction and embody architecturally and otherwise all that is modern, 
attractive and safe, in theatre construction. The older houses have 
been practically rebuilt and are accounted first class in these respects 
also. The Victoria and Academy are also of recent construction and 
are modern. 

In the nature of a theatre directory attention is called to the 
theatres controlled by the Harry Davis enterprises. These are the 
New Davis Theatre on Smithfield street, between Oliver and Sixth 
avenues, with entrances on Smithfield street, Oliver avenue and 
Sixth avenue and William Penn place, presenting always the highest 
class refined vaudeville with matinees every day at 2 P. M. and evening 
performances at 8 P. M. Prices, afternoons, 25 cents, 35 cents, and 
50 cents; evenings 25 cents, 35 cents, 50 cents, 75 cents and $1.00, 
no higher: 

The Grand Opera House on Fifth avenue between Smithfield 
street and Wood street, with entrances on Fifth avenue and Diamond 



118 Pittsburgh; How To See It 

street, presenting The Harry Davis Stock Company, in elaborate 
productions of modern classic drama and comedy. Matinees every 
day at 2:15; evening performances 8:15. Prices, afternoons, except 
Saturdays, all seats, 25 cents. Evenings and Saturday matinee, 
25 cents, 35 cents and 50 cents. No higher: 

The Alvin Theatre on Federal street (Sixth), near Duquesne 
way, presenting first class road companies. Matinees, Wednesdays 
and Saturdays 2:15; evening performances 8:15. Prices, 25 cents to 
$2.00: 

The Lyric Theatre, adjoining Grand Opera House, high grade 
moving pictures, continuous performances 8:30 A. M. till 11 P. M. 
Admission 10 cents: 

The Temple Theatre, Federal street (Sixth), opposite Alvin 
Theatre, high class moving pictures, admission 10 cents, continuous 
performances, 8:30 A. M. till 11 P. M. 

Likewise there are to be noted the theatres controlled by the 
Harris Amusement Company which are the Harris Theatre, Diamond 
street near Smithneld street, presenting continuous vaudeville per- 
formances, 1 P. M. until 11 P. M., prices 10 cents and 20 cents: 

The Sheridan Square Theatre, Penn avenue between Sheridan 
and Center avenues, East Liberty; refined vaudeville with matinees 
every day at 2:15; evening performances continuous 7 until 11. Prices, 
afternoons, all seats 10 cents and 15 cents; evenings, 10 cents, 15 cents 
and 25 cents : 

The Wonderland Theatre, Fifth avenue between Wood and 
Market streets, with high class moving pictures and continuous per- 
formances, 8:30 A. M. until 11 P. M. Admission 10 cents: 

The William Penn Theatre, Federal and Isabella streets, North 
Side, high grade moving pictures; continuous performances 12 noon 
until 11 P. M., admission 10 cents. 

The Harry Davis and the Harris Companies are distinctly 
Pittsburgh enterprises. 

FILM SHOWS. 

In addition to the moving pictures mentioned on pages 116 — 117, 
there are many others of this class in Pittsburgh, and in Pittsburgh 
business centers and all contiguous boroughs. All the leading film 
producers are represented here and the latest and best attractions are 
presented. On lower Fifth avenue that is between Smithneld and 
Liberty avenue will be found the " Cameraphone ", the "Olympic", 
the "Minerva", and the "Majestic". On the North Side, the 
" Garden " on North avenue near Federal street and the " Novelty " 
on Federal near the bridge. In Lawrenceville, " The Arsenal " at 
Butler and Main streets. In East Liberty on Penn avenue the 
"Regent" at Highland avenue; the "Liberty" at Shady avenue; 
the "Alhambra " above Sheridan avenue; and the "Cameraphone" 
above Collins avenue. In the Oakland district there are several 



Pittsburgh; How To See It 119 

" movie " shows on Fifth avenue and Forbes street, and Wilkin sburg 
on Wood street. On the South Side, along upper Carson street. On 
the Hill-top, on Warrington avenue; on Mt. Washington, on Boggs 
avenue and on Shiloh street. In fact except in exclusive residential 
sections, vistors will not have to go far to find entertainment from 
moving films. The houses mentioned may be taken as types of the 
best and it may be accepted as a fact that many not particularly named 
are just as good. The general admission in the leading show houses 
is 10 cents for adults and 5 cents for children, but there are many five 
cent shows or" Nickelodians ". 



AMUSEMENTS. 

Races. — There are two tracks for horse racing in Pittsburgh, 
both largely patronized during the season; that of the Matinee Club 
of Pittsburgh and Allegheny is on Brunot's Island, at the head of the 
Ohio River. This is a mile track and races are conducted here every 
Saturday throughout the season, beginning about June 1st. The 
Island is reached from Doerr street, Wood's Run, by ferry, the ferry 
landing one block from Preble avenue, Woods Run; reached by Woods 
Run cars Route 18, from Penn avenue and Federal street (Sixth). 
The office of the Secretary of the Association is in the Fidelity Building, 
327 Fourth avenue. 

Races are also run on the Schenley Oval in Schenley Park, 
under the auspices of the Schenley Matinee Club, whose office is at 
Bellefield avenue, and Filmore street, Bellefield. The oval is a half- 
mile track, and racing takes place every Wednesday afternoon through- 
out the season, beginning about May 30th. An attractive and com- 
modious grandstand on the ridge, easily seen from Forbes street and 
the entrances to the Park, indicates to visitors the location of the Oval. 

THE EXPOSITION. 

The Western Pennsylvania Exposition, better known as the 
Pittsburgh Exposition, is situated in the downtown section of the City 
at the junction of the three rivers, on historic ground known as the 
"Point, " within a few hundred feet of the Block House of Revolutionary 
fame. This institution was organized in 1885 and has been holding 
annual expositions without interruption since 1889, and is the only 
one of its kind in the United States that has been in existence for so 
long a period. 

The site occupies six acres of ground and the buildings, which 
consist of Machinery Hall, Main Building and Music Hall, are con- 
structed of steel, stone and brick, costing approximately one million 
of dollars. The great structures are within easy distance of the termi- 



120 



Pittsburgh; How To See It 




Pittsburgh, How To See It 121 

nals of nearly all of the street car lines of Greater Pittsburgh, within 
easy walking distance of all the railroad passenger stations, and within 
four blocks of probably the busiest corner in Pittsburgh. These 
buildings are admirably adapted for exhibits of all kinds, and when 
not occupied by the Annual Exposition, which covers a period of two 
months every fall, are used for automobile, poultry, and trade shows 
of various kinds. These buildings contain one hundred thousand 
square feet for exhibit purposes alone. The Music Hall at present 
is in a semi-finished condition and has a seating capacity of four 
thousand on one floor. When it is completed it will contain one gallery 
and will seat about fifty-five hundred. The Exposition has an average 
daily attendance of ten thousand during the fall show and is noted for 
the high class music which it offers to its patrons at the small admission 
fee of twenty-five cents. The best orchestras and bands in the country 
appear at the Exposition each fall and give to the general public an 
entertainment that cannot be had under other conditions at four times 
the price of admission. Such high class attractions as Sousa, Damrosch, 
Victor Herbert, Chicago Orchestra, Russian Symphony Orchestra, 
Creatore, Pryor, United States Marine Band, Philadelphia Orchestra, 
Cincinnati Orchestra, Godfrey's Band of England, London Symphony 
Orchestra, etc., ha^e appeared there from time to time together with 
famous vocal and instrumental soloists. The importance of the 
Pittsburgh Exposition is evidenced by the kind and high class quality 
of its exhibits which have been seen from time to time and on which 
thousands of dollars have been expended. Such exhibitors _ as the 
Governments of the United States, Canada, and South America, the 
States of Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, California, Washington, 
Minnesota, together with exhibits from leading railroad companies 
and prominent manufacturers in all branches of industry have taken 
advantage of this Exposition to exploit some particular idea, invention 
or product. 

On the stage of the Music Hall have appeared notable men and 
women, in all walks of life, such as Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, 
William Jennings Bryan, Bourke Cochran, "Billy" Sunday, "Gypsy" 
Smith, Paderewski, Mesdames Nordica, Eames, Schalchi, Materna, 
Schumann-Heink, DeVere, and Dr. Anna Shaw. 

The Exposition entertains annually free of charge 75,000 school 
children and their teachers. 

There has been recently installed in the Main Exposition Building 
one of the largest indoor ice skating palaces in the world. This 
clean and healthful amusement will be continued in the Main Building 
each season from November 1st to April 1st for a period of years. The 
trade shows that may come along from time to time during the occu- 
pancy of the Main Building by ice skating will be taken care of in 
Machinery Hall, which measures 300 by 140 feet, and which has 
lately been improved by the installation of a heating plant, cement 
floor, and modern lighting system. 



122 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

WINTER SPORTS. 

The revived interest in ice skating and its growth as one of the 
most attractive of winter sports was the incentive for the launching 
of the amusement project known as the Winter Garden. At the 
outset the great question that faced the projectors was a proper location. 
This was found in the Main Exposition building. Located in Pitts- 
burgh's downtown section, it is easily accessible to all. The building 
is ideal in every way for housing a monster rink. One of the most 
impressive features of the Winter Garden, outside of the great expanse 
of ice and the beautiful decorations, is the solidity of the huge audi- 
torium where the skaters are entertained. Constructed of steel, stone 
and massive brick walls, nothing short of an earthquake would cause it 
to even shake. 

In the Winter Garden is incorporated all the latest mechanical 
devices and inventions insuring the making and maintenance of hard, 
dry ice. The refrigerating plant is located in Machinery Hall, 450 
feet distant from the skating surface. From this plant is sent the 
brine which, circulates through 125,000 feet of pipe beneath the ice 
which covers an expanse of 30,000 square feet. This brine is circu- 
lated at the rate of 15,000 gallons every ten minutes. The skating 
surface is formed of ice which weighs one-half million pounds. The 
rink is illuminated by 1,500 lights. The machinery in the refrigerating 
plant is of gigantic dimensions and weighs over 110 tons. Through 
its use, refrigeration is gained at 30 degrees below zero. 

The season for indoor ice-skating at the Winter Garden will be 
continued for a term of years from November 1 to April 1. The 
Exposition Buildings are in plain view from the Federal street (Sixth) 
bridge and a blazing sign on the garden roof will infallibly direct 
strangers. 

Duquesne Garden is acknowledged one of the largest and most 
beautiful ice skating palaces in any city. It is located on Craig street, 
at the corner of Ellsworth avenue. The ice is made by an artificial refrig- 
eration. The regular season is from October 15 to April 15. There are 
three sessions daily, the first beginning at 9 :30 in the morning and con- 
tinuing until noon. The afternoon session begins at 2:00 and continues 
until 5:00. The evening session begins at 8:00 and continues until 
10:30. Two nights a week, during the regular season, hockey games 
are played between the Duquesne Garden team and the leading teams 
of Canada and the United States. The leading fancy skaters of the 
country also appear here as special attractions, the bill being changed 
each week. The National and International indoor championships 
are skated at this rink. Direct cars to the Garden from downtown are 
Routes 72, 72, 73 and 75. The box office is open afternoons and eve- 
nings of each week day. Reserved seats may be purchased at A. G. 
Spalding & Bros, No. 608 Wood street. Seats may be ordered by phone. 
Seats for hockey games or special attractions will be held until 7 :45 P. M. 



CHAPTER VIII 

Churches 

Churches Downtown, Notable Structures 

Churches, Downtown. — In the business section, or that portion 
of the peninsula between the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers, 
below Washington place and Eleventh street, there are now but few 
churches. The removal of the population to the newer residential 
sections and the encroachments of business structures put upon the 
market many church properties, and caused the demolition of the 
church edifices thereon. Notable instances are the razing of St. 
Paul's R. C. Cathedral, a large and imposing Gothic edifice of brick, 
at Fifth avenue and Grant street, now the site of the new Frick Arcade'; 
St. Peter's P. E. Church, now part of the Frick Building site at Grant 
and Diamond streets, taken down carefully, and rebuilt stone by stone 
at Forbes street and Craft avenue. The many years abandoned Third 
Presbyterian Church at Sixth avenue and Cherry way on part of the 
site of the new William Penn Hotel; Christ M. E. Church at Penn 
avenue and Eighth street, destroyed by fire; the Second Presbyterian 
at Penn avenue and Sandusky street (Seventh) torn down to erect 
the Pitt Theatre, and the old First Presbyterian Church on Wood 
street near Sixth avenue. However, the Second Presbyterian congre- 
gation purchased the synagogue of the Rodeph Shalom Congregation 
in Eighth street on the completion of the new synagogue in Bellefield, 
and remodelled the structure, and now worship there. The congre- 
gation of the First Presbyterian Church built a new edifice facing 
Sixth avenue, when the old edifice was razed to erect the McCreery 
Building of the Henry W. Oliver estate. 

The new edifice of this congregation, and Trinity P. E. Church 
adjoining, stand on the plot donated to these congregations by the 
heirs of William Penn in 1787 for church purposes and a burial ground. 
The Penn heirs made a similar grant to the German Evangelical Asso- 
ciation of the square bounded by Sixth avenue, Smithfield street, 
Strawberry way and Montour way, and their edifice occupies the Sixth 
avenue corner. The burial ground attached was abandoned in 1851. 

123 



124 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 




TRINITY PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
SIXTH AVENUE 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 125 

Of the thirty or more church edifices that stood in the downtown 
district a decade or two ago. there are but six left besides those above 
mentioned; The Smithfield Street M. E. Church, at Seventh avenue; 
the First English Lutheran Church, at Grant street and Strawberry 
way; Trinity German Lutheran Church on Sixth avenue, between 
Wylie and Fifth avenues, and the St. Mary's of Mercy R. C. Church, 
a small structure at Third avenue and Ferry street. The Reformed 
Presbyterian Church on Grant street and one of the same denomina- 
tion on Eighth street. 

On the upper side of Washington place, at Epiphany street, is 
the large edifice of the Epiphany R. C. Congregation, and below it 
on the same side, the synagogue — Beth Hamedrosh Hagodel. While 
Washington place is not strictly within the downtown business district, 
it is usually regarded as the present eastern boundary of that district, 
and in the early years of the City, the City's eastern boundary line, 
as Washington street extended to the Allegheny river. It is but a 
short walk from the Pennsylvania Station to Epiphany street, and also 
from Fifth avenue and Smithfield street, a point regarded as the center 
of the downtown business section. Other prominent churches will 
receive mention under other heads. A short walk from Liberty avenue 
below Anderson street (Ninth) will bring one to the Allegheny river 
with the three bridges close together, and a number of church spires 
on the North Side in view — some reached by a short walk, others by 
the different car lines going North on the three bridges and reaching 
Ohio street or North avenue. 

The religious services in the Alvin Theatre, on Federal street 
(Sixth) , on Sunday afternoons have been spoken of as of incalculable 
value for the uplift of humanity in Pittsburgh, and are especially 
appreciated by commercial travelers sojourning in the City. These 
services are conducted by the pastor of the Second Presbyterian 
Congregation in Eighth street, at present the Rev. Dr. George W. 
Sheldon. The newspapers of the city give these services special notice. 

Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church fronts on Sixth avenue 
between Wood and Smithfield streets, the property extending through 
to Oliver avenue. Although the grant of this land was made by the 
Penns, the heirs of the proprietor of Pennsylvania, as early as 1787, the 
first building was not erected until 1805. This, the "Old Round Church, " 
the original Episcopal church in Pittsburgh, was built, not on the site 
of the grant, but on the triangle where the Monongahela Bank Building 
now stands, at. Wood street and Sixth avenue. The second or "Old 
Trinity Church" was built in 1825. The present edifice was erected 
on the site of Old Trinity in 1870. Surrounded by tall buildings on all 
sides, Trinity today, is a gem inset in the heart of Pittsburgh. The 
Church and Parish House are open daily. The present rector, the 
Reverend Edward S. Travers, took charge in 1913. The choir consists 
of fifty-five male voices, and is one of the best known choirs in the city. 
"Old Trinity" is convenient to all hotels and department stores. The 



126 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

church structure is a fine piece of the pure Gothic in architecture. In 
the church yard surrounding are many graves of pioneers, including a 
score of Revolutionary soldiers whose names are commemorated in a 
bronze tablet on the wall on Oliver avenue. The tablet was erected 
by the Pittsburgh Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. 
The church is also convenient to all car lines down town. 

The First Presbyterian Church is the oldest congregation in 
Pittsburgh. Its history begins when General Forbes with his English 
and Colonial troops wrested Western Pennsylvania from the French 
and Indians. Two days after the retreat of the French, on Sunday, 
November 26th, 1758, a Presbyterian minister, the Rev. Charles Beatty, 
preached a thanksgiving sermon. This was the first Protestant sermon 
preached west of the Allegheny Mountains. The service was held 
among the charred ruins of Fort Duquesne, a year before the building 
of Fort Pitt. From this time until the erection of the log church on 
Wood street on the Penn Heirs' grant, in 1784-86, there was a congre- 
gation of Presbyterians in Pittsburgh. They were cared for, with 
occasional interruptions, either by the chaplain at the Fort, or by 
itinerant preachers. 

The leaders in the organization of the First Presbyterian Church 
in 1784 represented the best elements in the growing community. Six 
of the eleven original trustees had been officers in the army of Washing- 
ton: General James O'Hara, Major Ebenezer Denny, Major Isaac 
Craig, Colonel Stephen Bayard, Colonel John Gibson, and Captain 
John Wilkins; and the history of the church is linked with most of the 
important events of the times. 

In this church the two great Boards of Home and Foreign Missions 
of the Presbyterian Church in the United States had their beginnings; 
the former in 1802 under the name of the Western Missionary Society; 
and the latter as the Western Foreign Missionary Society in 1831. 

Good authorities give the First Presbyterian Church another 
distinction in pioneer religious work. It is recorded that the Sabbath- 
School established in this church in 1800 was the first Sabbath- School 
in America. It was under the roof of the First Presbyterian Church 
that the Western Theological Seminary held its first classes; and here 
the University of Pittsburgh had its beginning and its first organization. 

It was at a meeting of the General Assembly held in the First 
Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh in November, 1869, that the reunion 
of the great divisions in the Presbyterian Church between the "Old" 
and the "New School" parties was planned and carried out; the dele- 
gates afterwards marching to the Third Presbyterian Church, then at 
Sixth avenue and Cherry way, for the union service. 

The church during its existence of 132 years has had twelve 
pastors and four houses of worship. The present structure was erected 
in 1905. It is next to Trinity P. E. Church in Sixth avenue, adjoining 
the McCreery store and opposite the Duquesne Club. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



127 



St. Peter's Episcopal Church is located at Forbes street and 
Craft avenue on the northeast corner. This edifice was built in 1852 
at the corner of Grant and Diamond streets, now a part of the site of 
the Frick Building. In 1901 when the buildings or this site were 
razed, the church was carefully taken down stone by stone, labelled and 
moved to its present location and restored exactly as it was originally 
built. The first services were held in the church on the new site in 





st. peter's p. e. church 

June, 1902. There is a Parish House at Fifth and Craft avenues and a 
gymnasium in connection with the church. The present rector is 
Rev. E. H. Ward, B. D. The musical feature of the services are under 
the direction of Mr. John Pleasants, and will be appreciated by visitors. 
The Forbes street car lines as indicated to the Carnegie Library and 
Museum, pass the church. 



128 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



J 



St. Paul's R. C. Cathedral.— r 

The church architecture of Pitts- | 
burgh is enhanced in beauty and 
strength by the magnificent St. 
Paul's Roman Catholic Cathe- I 
dral at Fifth avenue and Craig 
street, Oakland; this building j 
is Gothic in style, with two 
steeples and has five aisles; its 
seating capacity is 2,500; it was 
erected in 1906, the congregation 
having previously worshipped in 
the old cathedral at Grant street 
and Fifth avenue, now occupied 
by the Frick Union Arcade. 

Services at the Cathedral are 
as follows: Sundays and Holy 
Days, Masses at 6:30, 8;00, 
9:00, 10:00 and 11:00 o'clock 
A. M.; on weekdays at 6:30, 
7:00, 7:30, 8:00 o'clock A. M. 
Evening services every evening 
of the week at 7 :30 P. M. Con- 
fessions, every morning before 
each mass, every evening at 7:30 
P. M.: Saturdays and eves of 
feasts, 3 to 6 P. M., and 7:30 to 10:00 P. M. It is reached by all Fifth 
avenue cars, Forbes street, and Center avenue cars as specified in the 
paragraphs relating to Schenley Farms, Schenley Park, Carnegie 
Museum and Carnegie Library. The Cathedral Rectory is at 136 
North Craig street, adjoining. 

The Oakland M. E. Church at Forbes and Boquet streets is 
close to the Hotel Schenley and the Schenley Farms district; also the 
Bellefield Presbyterian Church at Fifth and Bellefield avenues. The 
First Baptist Church on Bellefield avenue; the Church of the 
Ascension (P. E.), a stone structure at Neville street and Ellsworth 
avenue. Farther out Fifth avenue at the corner of Negley avenue, is 
the Third Presbyterian Church of stone, one of the oldest and best 
known congregations of that denomination At Center and Liberty 
avenues and Rebecca street is the fine stone edifice of Christ M. E. 
Church. The Emory M. E. Church is at North Highland avenue 
and Rippey street; Calvary P. E. Church, Shady avenue and Walnut 
street, and the East Liberty Presbyterian at South Highland and Penn 
avenues are imposing structures of stone. On North Highland avenue 
are several fine church buildings, notably the Sixth United Presbyterian 
and Bethany Lutheran. , The Church of the Sacred Heart (R. C.) is 



ST. PAUL S R. C. CATHEDRAL 
FIFTH AVENUE AND CRAIG STREET 



Pittsburgh, How To See it 



129 



on Center avenue near South Highland. In the Shadyside district a 
tine little church is the First Unitarian at Ellsworth and Morewood 
avenues. 




OAKLAND M. E. CHURCH 
FORBES AND BOUQUET STREETS 

It is not to be expected that of more than 400 churches in Pitts- 
burgh and contiguous boroughs there can be mention of each. Enough 
have been named as examples of church architecture showing also beauty 
of finish and f urnishment and for the purpose of attending church services. 

Churches of Colored Worshipers — The principal houses of wor- 
ship maintained by the large colored population of the City, are of the 
African Methodist Episcopal, African M. E. Zion, and Baptist denomi- 
nations. The chief and most easily reached of these edifices, are the 
Bethel M. E. Church at Wylie avenue and Elm street, John Wesley 
M. E. Zion Church on Arthur street, Central Baptist Church, Wylie 
avenue and Kirkpatrick street, and the Ebenezer Baptist at Wylie ave- 
nue near Erin street; all reached by Routes Nos. 82 and 83. 



130 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



SYNAGOGUES. 

The Rodeph Shalom Congregation is at Fifth and Morewood 
avenues. The Rabbi is the Rev. J. Leonard Levy, D. D., B. A. 
(London); Sabbath services, every Saturday morning at 10:30; Sunday 
services, every Sunday, November till May, 10:30. The Rodeph 
Shalom congregation was founded by a few members of the Jewish 
faith residing in Pittsburgh in 1847. The seventieth anniversary of 
the founding of the congregation will be observed in 1917. The 
charter members, about fifteen persons, worshipped in rented halls 
for some years until 1861, when a small synagogue on Eighth street 
was erected. It was found necessary to enlarge the building. In 
1901 a new structure was erected on the Eighth street site. That 
building, now the Second Presbyterian Church, was dedicated on 
September 6, 1901, by the present Rabbi. The congregation consisted 
of 106 members, 28 seat holders, and a Sabbath School of 68 children. 

With the advent of Rabbi Levy the congregation began to grow, 
until today it is one of the largest in the City and one of the most import- 
ant Jewish congregations in the entire country. There are now about 500 
heads of families who are members of the congregation, 200 seatholders 




THE RODEPH SHALOM SYNAGOGUE, FIFTH AND MOREWOOD AVENUES 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 131 

and as for the Sabbath School it has in its various departments, over 
600 children. The present building on Fifth avenue near Morewood 
avenue is a fine example of modified Romanesque architecture, the 
interior especially being noteworthy for its graceful lines and simple 
treatment. Mr. Henry Hornbostel was the architect. The Temple 
was opened for worship on September 6, 1907, exactly six years after 
the dedication of the first Temple after Rabbi Levy's advent. 

In 1911 Mr. Leon Falk presented an addition to the Temple 
known as the Fanny Edel Falk Memorial, a tribute to the memory of 
his departed wife. The addition contains a swimming pool, a gym- 
nasium, a library, club rooms and all the features of a social center. It 
is maintained through the large-hearted generosity of Mr. Falk without 
cost to the congregation. 

The religious tendencies of the congregation are liberal. It is 
known as a Reform Congregation and its services are mainly conducted 
in English. Each service includes a sermon in English. The addresses 
delivered during the Sunday morning services are printed for public 
and private circulation. The congregation on Sunday includes many 
persons of non- Jewish belief, since all who desire to attend are always 
welcome. The Sabbath and the Sunday services begin at 10:30 a. m. 

The Temple is an institutional church. Activities of various 
kinds, social, educational, and otherwise are maintained every day in 
the week. The pulpit is free and every topic of general interest is 
discussed but always from the religious point of view. No collections 
are made in the Temple, the expenses of the congregation being fully 
met by voluntary subscriptions made by the membership. The charit- 
able and philanthropic work of the Jewish community is conducted 
under the auspices of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies. The 
Sisterhood of the Congregation supervises the social, and philanthropic 
activities of the Temple. The Men's Society and the "Seekers," an 
organization of unmarried men, pay special regard to the democratic 
organization of the Temple and to its special literary and intellectual 
development. The Junior Federation, composed of over 400 of the 
pupils of the Sabbath School, has been formed to develop the Social 
Service idea among the young. The Falk Memorial is designed to 
care for the physical development of the members. Thus the Rodeph 
Shalom Congregation is formed to aid the spiritual, moral, mental and 
physical life of its members. The Temple is reached by Fifth avenue 
Routes 73 and 76, to Morewood avenue. 

The synagogue of the Tree of Life Congregation on Craft 
avenue near Forbes street, is also a fine structure and not far away 
from the Rodeph Shalom. In the Hill District there are a number of 
synagogues. 



CHAPTER IX 

Department Stores 




THE JOSEPH HORNE CO S STORES 
PENN AVENUE BETWEEN FIFTH AVENUE AND STANWIX STREET 

The Joseph Home Company store on Penn avenue, extending 
from Fifth avenue to Stanwix street (old Fifth street), is one of the 
most popular and best patronized department stores in the City. It 
was established on Market street in 1849 by Joseph Home, and is now 
conducted by the sons of the founder. As a department store it is 
devoted to fashion and merchandise of the high class. There is a 
mezzanine extending the entire width of the store, which is a popular 
meeting place for visitors, affording rest rooms, telephone booths, 
writing desks and stationery; there is also a station of the Pittsburgh 
Post Office on the first floor, for the convenience of the public. There 

132 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



133 



is a large restaurant on the sixth floor, and a tea room on the main 
floor; in the rear of the building, the entrance from Stanwix street, is a 
large lot belonging to the firm which is used for parking the autos of their 
patrons; there is a rest house for the chauffeurs at the corner of Stanwix 
street and Duquesne way with all conveniences for these men while 
their passengers are shopping in the main store. West End cars on 
all lines (Routes 23 to 35 inclusive), pass Homes' store; the Penn avenue 
cars turning both ways at Fifth avenue, on Routes 72, 79, 91 and 92, and 
North Side cars passing the entrance on Penn avenue on Routes 8, 9, 13, 
14, 15, 16, 18, 19 and 20. Routes 86, 88, and 89, turning from Penn 
avenue into Federal street (Sixth) are within one block. 

Boggs & Buhl. — This is the only department store on the North 
Side, and has been conducted under the firm name of Boggs & Buhl for 
upwards of fifty years and is now conducted by the original firm. The 
building fronts on Federal street at Park way, extending to the North 
Side Diamond square. The management prides itself that the store 




BOGGS & BUHL, FEDERAL STREET, PARK WAY, STOBO STREET 

has been doing business on the principle that the good will andconfidence 
of the people are the most priceless assets in business, and this principle 
is maintained by a large assortment of the best merchandise priced at 
the lowest consistent figures. Federal street cars, Routes 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 
15, 16, 18, 19, and 21,pass the store, but the firm has in successful operation 
several large auto busses which are free to their patrons under the reg- 
ulations of the firm. These can'be taken at Liberty avenue and Federal 
street (Sixth). 



134 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 




Pittsburgh, How To See It 135 

Kaufmann's: The Big Store. — Ranking foremost among the 
principal department stores of America, this institution occupies a 
building twelve stories high and a block square at Smithfield street, 
Fifth avenue, Diamond street and Cherry way. This location is in 
the heart of Pittsburgh's shopping district and is a point conveniently 
reached from all railroad stations as well as by most urban and 
interurban electric cars. 

Established in 1867 on the South Side of Pittsburgh, or Birming- 
ham as it was then known, the business of this store grew to such pro- 
portions as to necessitate larger quarters, which were first erected on the 
present site in 1885. Since then its floor area has increased until this 
mammoth structure that juts so prominently into Pittsburgh's skyline 
is acknowledged the biggest and most efficiently equipped of its kind 
in Western Pennsylvania. 

"The Big Store" affords employment to over 3,000 people; 
maintains its own training school. and hospital; possesses an auditorium 
wherein frequent musicals, fashion shows and various other enter- 
tainments are held; while its fine dining salon on the eleventh floor, 
with its excellent cuisine and delightful music, is a favored spot, alike 
to residents of Pittsburgh and visitors. 

Aside from those mentioned, many other noteworthy features 
combine to make this one of Pittsburgh's chief places of interest. The 
new building is thoroughly modern and up to date in equipment and 
from its convenient location and accessibility the store is visited by 
many thousands annually. 

The Rosenbaum Stores. — The fine, new store of The Rosen- 
baum Company occupies the block on Federal street (old Sixth) 
between Liberty and Penn avenues. This company was for many 
years in the McClintock Building on Market street, and subsequently 
occupied all of that block to the corner of Fifth avenue and Market 
street. The company began business in 1868, and is today one of the 
great department stores of the country. 

The tiled roof looks over the entire downtown section of Pitts- 
burgh, and all the flat region on the North Side, and affords excellent 
views of the river and harbor. Fourteen passenger elevators and four 
freight elevators are in use; there are escalators to the seventh floor 
which are a never ending attraction to children. The general offices 
are on the eleventh floor. The basement will appeal to visitors, for in it 
is located the summer garden restaurant, where tired women shoppers 
can enjoy their lunches; there is a soda fountain in this restaurant 110 
feet long, one of the largest and most complete in existence. The other 
floors are in use for the various departments of the company's business. 
There is a foreign department on the first floor which furnishes 
interpreters to those who cannot speak English. On this floor is also 
the mail order department; the adjustment offices, general superintend- 
ent's office, and the employment office. On the Penn avenue mezzanine 



136 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



will be found the check rooms, a branch United States post office, 
local and long distance telephone booths, and the buyers' offices. 

The sub-basement with the mechanical appliances and machinery, 
the ice making plant for the cold storage department, the vacuum pump, 
the electric conveyors, etc., will interest many. Visitors are invited to 
inspect the store from roof to basement. On application to the Super- 
intendent's office, guides will be furnished. Special arrangements are 
made for the visits of pupils from schools and colleges. 




THE ROSENBAUM STORE 
FEDERAL (SIXTH) STREET, LIBERTY AND PENN AVENUES 

Many car lines pass the Rosenbaum stores on Penn avenue, 
Federal street (Sixth) and Liberty avenue. These have been men- 
tioned under the various route numbers, and may be generalized as 
all North Side cars crossing the Federal {Street Bridge; Forbes, Shady 
and Penn and the Bloomfield cars each way; Butler street lines turning 
from Penn avenue along Federal street into Liberty avenue; and the 
lines that come down Sixth avenue from Fifth avenue and Forbes 
street, which make the loop from Sixth avenue into Fifth avenud, 
the Wylie and Center avenue lines Nos. 83 and 85, and the East 
Liberty Express on No. 86. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



137 



Campbell's. — This well known house founded in 1869, occupies 
all of the building at 327 Fifth avenue, formerly known as the Masonic 
Temple, erected in 1888. Upon the completion of the new temple in 
Bellefield, the Campbell Company purchased the building which they 
had occupied in part since its completion, having been tenants also on 
the first and second floors of the original Masonic Hall, which was 
destroyed by fire in August, 1887. The Campbell Company have 
remodeled the present building for department store purposes, and also 
put in a new and handsome front, connecting their former annex in 
the rear, extending to Oliver avenue. Campbell's is a popular and 
well conducted store, and in the heart of the retail downtown business 
section. 

McCreery's. — This successful and enterprising store was opened 
in 1903, on the completion of the building of the Henry W. Oliver 
Estate which bears the store name. This is on Wood street extending 
from Oliver avenue to Sixth avenue. This store is affiliated with the 
famous McCreery & Company of New York, and should not be passed 
by in visiting Pittsburgh's department stores. It ranks among the 
best in the country. It's rooms and restaurant service are much 
patronized by women's organizations for meetings, luncheons, etc. 




THE M CREERY STORE 
WOOD STREET, SIXTH AND OLIVER AVENUES 



138 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Solomon's. — The department store of K. Solomon & Co. is on 
Smithfield street at Diamond street, occupying most of the Smithfield 
street front extending towards Fourth avenue. While not so large as 
some mentioned, visitors will find this store up to date and well stocked, 
and the management can boast of more than a score of years of suc- 
cessful conduct of the store as at present located. 

The New Store. — One of the greatest department stores of the 
country, and because of its unique comforts and conveniences, of 
unusual interest to visitors, is the new Kaufmann & Baer Co. Store, at 
the northwest corner of Sixth avenue and Smithfield street. This 
new store was opened March 18, 1914, and is housed in one of the 




- 









' 







- 



SET" 



KAUFMANN & BAER CO. : THE NEW STORE 
SMITHFIELD STREET AT SIXTH AVENUE 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 139 

finest store structures ever planned. The store is thirteen stories 
above and three stories below ground. A dignified simplicity through- 
out the entire structure stamps it as an architectural triumph — all the 
greater when it is considered that the structure was completely erected 
and equipped in the short space of eleven months. The store is in the 
heart of Pittsburgh's shopping district and is within easy distance of 
all railroad depots; and the many street cars passing either directly 
by or within a short distance afford unequalled facilities for reaching 
it from all parts of the City and outlying districts. 

Among the many features uncommon to department stores, 
in which visitors will be particularly interested is the Electric Fountain, 
located in the center of the street floor. W\ D. Wareham, the noted 
Rookwood color artist, and C. J. Barnhorn, Director of Sculpture of the 
Cincinnati Museum of Fine Art, collaborated ^ in its design and con- 
struction. The roof of the building has been given over to recreational 
features for the benefit of its employes. Here are a comfortably 
furnished rest and music room; a well-equipped branch of the Carnegie 
Library; men's smoking and billiard room; a ball court; and large open 
spaces for games of various sorts. Visitors who desire to visit the 
roof will be furnished with guides by arrangement with the Store 
Superintendent. Guides will also be furnished visitors who desire to 
completely inspect, the building. 

An Auditorium on the eighth floor is a unique store feature; 
this is equipped with a complete stage and is given over to the use of 
the public for such purposes as have no direct selfish object. The 
Auditorium is equipped with a mammoth orchestral organ which can 
be diverted either into the Auditorium or the Dining Room adjoining. 
A Children's Playground on the eighth floor equipped with toboggans, 
merry-go-rounds, swings, etc., furnishes abundant amusement for 
youngsters while mothers are shopping. 

The New Store is rich in its provisions for the comfort of cus- 
tomers. In a direct line with this is a Customers' Rest and Waiting 
Room on the third floor, comfortably furnished especially affording 
an ideal place to meet one's friends. Numerous telephone stations 
and lavatories are conveniently located on various floors. A parcel 
checking room is on the street floor and a branch of the United States 
Post Office will be found on the midfloor. 

Among other unusual features are an Evening Room in the 
Silk Section; a "Louis XV" room for the display of women's evening 
garments, and a ' ' College Room ' ' in the Men's Clothing Store. Numer- 
ous elevators and escalators provide quick and safe transportation to 
various floors. A system of "instant delivery" to all Pittsburgh 
hotels and depots is of special interest to certain classes of shoppers. 

Frank & Seder. — This is one of the later stores, and occupies 
most of the Howard Block on Smithfield street, between Fifth avenue 
and Diamond street, and the adjoining buildings on Fifth avenue, 
extending through to Diamond street. 



CHAPTER X 

Educational 

Universities, Colleges, Academies, Schools 
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 

A surpassing feature of the architectural adornment of the 
Schenley Farms tract is the University of Pittsburgh, and its large 
group of buildings. Many of these on high ground are quickly observed 
and attract immediate attention. The University offices are located in 
State Hall, at the corner of Grant boulevard and O'Hara street, im- 
mediately back of the Soldiers Memorial Building. The various 
buildings of the University will be reached by the same car lines as have 
been listed to go to the Soldiers Memorial on Forbes street, contiguous 
to Carnegie Library and Museum, and the Hotel Schenley. 

The University was founded in 1787, and is the oldest institu- 
tion of learning west of the mountains _ excepting the University of 
Nashville. In college circles the University of Pittsburgh is known as 
"Pitt." It was first known as the Pittsburgh Academy; in 1819 it 
became the Western University of Pennsylvania, but in 1892 its work 
was nearly that of a college; in 1908 its name was changed to the 
University of Pittsburgh. By the terms of its charter the University 
is non-sectarian. 

The plan of the University is to provide for young men and 
women the best possible training for life by giving them the highest 
opportunities for cultural, economic, industrial and professional services. 
The University endeavors to adapt itself to the growing needs of the 
community in striving to serve by giving a direct, practical training for 
the various types of work which are to be done in this vast industrial 
district. The University consists of thirteen distinct schools, each 
with a definite relation to the institution as a whole. In addition there 
is the University Extension Department which takes the University 
educational opportunities out to the people who cannot come in for 
them. The distinct schools of the College are: School of Education; 
School of Economics; School of Engineering; School of Mines ; School of 
Chemistry; Graduate School; School of Medicine; School of Law; 
School of Dentistry; School of Pharmacy; School of Astronomy, and the 
Mellon Institute of Industrial Research. 

The College is the nucleus of the University, and personally 
connected with all the other schools. It provides a liberal course for 
one who wishes a general university training without specializing; it 
offers a definite preparation for entrance on the work of the professional 

140 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 141 

school, and combination courses with the University Schools of Medi- 
cine and Law; it gives a thorough training in the languages, and affords 
students the opportunity to specialize in Psychology, History, English, 
or Mathematics; in short the usual curricula of a college are followed! 
The work, of the various sciences is of a very practical nature, and 
prepares the student to take up immediately, work in whatever line 
he may desire. This college curricula may be put under four heads: 

A. Languages, Literatures, Fine Arts, Music. 

B. Mathematics, Psychology. 

C. History, Economics, Political and Social Sciences. 

D. Natural Sciences. 

All college courses are four years in length and lead to the degrees of 
Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Sciences. 

The School of Education is for the training of men and women 
desirous of entering the profession of teachers in any grade, type of 
school, or department of learning; the course in this school is four 
years, and leads to the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of 
Sciences. Students receive practical experience on teaching in the 
public, elementary, and high schools of the community. The one- 
year course is maintained for high school graduates preparing for 
county superintendent's examinations for professional certificates. 

_ The School of Economics provides a definite preparation for 
business careers in any department of business. There is an evening 
department of this school known as the Evening School of Economics 
Accounts and Finance, which affords instruction in the economical 
course to those whose employment during the day prevents attending 
the day classes. Engineering courses in this school are co-operative 
in Civil Engineering, Electrical, Sanitary, Chemical and Mechanical 
Railway Engineering. One year's practical training on full pay with 
University credit m some of the engineering industries of Pittsburgh 
is provided under the supervision of the University. The courses in 
this school lead to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Engineering. 

a;t- • Sc J 1001 of Mi nes. — In this school there are four year courses in 
Mining .Metallurgy, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; supervised 
practical training along the lines at which the student expects to work 
after graduation is provided. 

1mK School of Chemistry.— This was separated from the College in 
iyi5, and is being built up to meet the demand for practically trained 
chemists. A four year course leads to the degree of Bachelor of Chem- 
istry. The active co-operation of well trained scientists in the Mellon 
Institute, with the regular staff, makes it possible to offer many courses 
not ordinarily given. Facilities are supplied for all kinds of experi- 
mental work. 

_ The Graduate School.— This is open to students who have 
received a Bachelor's degree from an approved institution. The 
courses of study m the various departments lead to the degrees of 



142 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Master of Arts, Master of Sciences, and Doctor of Philosophy. A 
minimum of one year's work is required for the Master's degree, and 
three year's for the Doctor's degree. 

School of Medicine. — This offers a four-year course but in the 
entrance requirements are two years of recognized college work based 
on a four year course, or equivalent education. This school is affiliated 
with two general and five special hospitals, all available for teaching 
purposes. It controls the dispensary of the Eye and Ear Hospital. 
Each graduate of the school is assured of a hospital appointment in 
the Pittsburgh district if he cares to accept it. The School of Medicine 
ranks high in the work of the Council on Medical Education of the 
American Medical Association. 

School of Law. — This has unusual advantage of location, history, 
and organization. The course covers three years and prepares directly 
for the examination for admission to the Bar of the Supreme Court of 
Pennsylvania. This school is in a large degree, a graduate institution. 
No pupils are now admitted who have not completed at least two 
years work in a reputable college. The sessions of the school are held on 
the thirteenth floor of the Frick Annex, at Diamond street and Cherry way. 




DENTAL AND MEDICAL SCHOOLS, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 

School of Dentistry. — This offers a three-year course, leading to 
the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery; the course includes the full 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



143 



preparation required for the practice of dentistry in Pennsylvania 
and other states ; the clinical features offer many facilities for profes- 
sional and practice work. Beginning September, 1917, the course in 
dentistry will be four years. 

School of Pharmacy. — This school gives a thorough preparation 
for the work of the pharmacist, requiring a two-year course which 
leads to the degree of a Graduate in Pharmacy, and prepares the 
student for the State examination which admits him to the practice 
of pharmacy; there is an optional three-year course also. 

School of Astronomy. — This is a most important institution; in 
other words, it is the famous Allegheny Observatory, which is doing more 
to give a knowledge of astronomy to the people than any other institution. 
To this end there is maintained as one of its departments a Free Public 
Observatory which admits annually 4,000 people to the use of its tele- 
scope and stereopticon lectures. (See separate mention "Allegheny 
Observatory." 

The Mellon Institute of Industrial Research. — This is an out- 
growth of the department which was inaugurated in the University by 
the late Professor Robert K. Duncan, in 1911, on the basis of a system 




THE MELLON INSTITUTE 



of Industrial Fellowships, which was initiated and developed by him. 
The Institute has been established only for the purpose of performing 



144 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

a public service, and takes over from manufacturers of business standing 
and integrity important industrial problems that offer a reasonable 
chance of solution, under a definite form of agreement, alterable in 
its terms and conditions so as to correspond with the particular type 
of manufacturing concerned. 

According to this practical system of co-operation between 
science and industry, an individual or a company having a problem 
requiring solution may become the donor of a Fellowship by contribut- 
ing to the Institute a definite sum of money, for a period of not less than 
one year. This money is used to pay the salary of the man or men 
selected to carry out the investigation desired, and the Institute furnishes 
such facilities as are necessary for the conduct of the work; the results 
obtained belong exclusively to the donor of the Fellowship. 

The new building of the Mellon Institute was especially designed 
to afford ample accommodation for a Graduate School of Specific Indus- 
tries. This school accepts as students men who have specialized in 
chemistry, and have received their Bachelor's degree from universities 
of recognized standing. The instruction offered is such as to enable 
the student to become thoroughly familiar with some specific industry. 
Most of the work done is in the laboratories of the Institute under the 
immediate personal supervision of men with large experience in the 
particular industry concerned. Special courses on the more general 
phases of industrial and engineering chemistry, are also offered. 

University Extension Department. — This has been organized to 
carry educational opportunities to those who cannot attend the intra- 
mural work of the University. The work is carried on by courses of 
extramural lectures, issuing bulletins and circulars, loaning apparatus, 
motion picture films, and many other activities. 

The School of Pharmacy is at present located at the corner of 
Pride and Bluff streets, reached by Forbes street cars on Routes Nos. 
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73. 79, and 81. It is within ten minutes 
walk of the Court House. The data regarding the requirements of 
admission, can be obtained by addressing the Registrar. 

Student Activities. — These are such as are common to the 
community life of any large university, and include such organizations 
as a Students' Senate, the Y. M. C. A.; the Y. W. C. A.; an annual 
called the "Owl" is published by the Junior Classes; the "Pitt 
Weekly," edited and managed by students; "The Panther," a humor- 
ous monthly; various musical organizations, glee and mandolin clubs, 
etc. The Cap and Gown Club presents each year a production written 
by students, ^ playing at one of the Pittsburgh theatres, and several 
large towns in the district. There are a score of other clubs, also a 
debating club. In the field of athletics the University is well equipped. 
The Trees Gymnasium and Athletic Field and the Track house, com- 
prise a complete athletic plant. In addition, Forbes Field, nearby, is 
used for base ball and foot ball games and practice during the seasons. 
A five-lap cinder track enclosed, Trees Field and the indoor track is a 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 145 

part of the gymnasium. There are 'Varsity teams in all forms of 
college athletics, including hockey. The young women of the Uni- 
versity are represented in athletics by basket ball. The schedule of 
inter-collegiate foot ball contests is a strong one, including many of the 
leading colleges of the country; the same is true of the base ball schedule. 
In short all the features of college athletics are afforded students at the 
University. 

There are nine undergraduate fraternities, and several in each 
of the professional schools. Each of the fraternities has a chapter 
house. There is also a military company. There is a University res- 
taurant on the campus, also a University book store. 

On the Schenley Farms tract, in close proximity, are many 
beautiful buildings, tending to enhance the appearance of the Univer- 
sity as a whole. In addition there is close by the Carnegie Library and 
Museum, which are available for reference and study, and freely 
used by University students. There is a University library in the 
State House, supplemented by department and professional libraries, 
and there are several scientific collections. The Allegheny County 
Law Library is a collection of 40,000 books, and is in the Court House 
on Grant street, across from the Frick building, and is open to Law 
vSchool students. The School of Medicine has in its library 150 current 
medical journals, and 3,500 bound volumes. A unique feature of the 
University is its Employment Bureau, which affords employment for 
approximately 400 students each year, whose earnings for the current 
year will amount to nearly $25,000.00. The Health Department of the 
University gives medical advice to all students who apply, and in every 
way possible safeguards the health of the students; in fact complete 
medical attention and examination is provided. The total enrollment 
January 1, 1916, exclusive of the University Extension Courses, was 
3,572; in the latter course, 500. The School of Economics enrolled 
1,099; the lightest enrollment in any of the schools is 78, in the 
School of Mines. Last year the University ranked seventeenth in total 
of enrollment among the universities of the United States. There 
are no preparatory courses in the University, or commercial work of 
the type given in a business college. February 28th is Charter Day 
at the University, and annual services are held on this date in com- 
memoration of the granting of the first charter in 1787; there are other 
annual features, both of an athletic and literary character. The 
University is reached by Forbes street and Fifth avenue car lines 
on Routes 63 to 80 inclusive from the downtown business section 
to the Grant boulevard and on Center avenue line on Route 82 
to Alliquippa street, and from the East End district on Routes 
71, 73, 75, 76, 91, 92 and by transfers to these Routes at transfer 
points. 



146 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Duquesne University. — Downtown Pittsburgh has a well 
equipped and well conducted and prosperous University. From its 

commanding position 
on the Bluff, looking 
down upon the lower 
part of the City and 
the Monongahela River 
and South Side, its 
large building of brick 
is an object that at- 
tracts attention and 
evokes inquiry. Du- 
quesne University, 
originally known as 
the Holy Ghost Col- 
lege, was founded in 
September, 1878. It 
is located at Bluff and 
Colbert streets, within 
easy reach of all the 
railway depots and 
street car lines. The 
Law Department is at 
323 Fourth avenue. 
Though practically in 
the heart of the City, 
it has an extensive 
campus, and every 
facility for outdoor and 
Resident and day students are received. The faculty 
There are 765 students in attendance. The 




DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY 
BLUFF AND COLBERT STREETS 



indoor sports 
numbers 64 professors 
courses comprise Law, Higher Accounting, Finances and Commerce, 
College, Scientific, Dramatic Arts, Painting, Instrumental and Vocal 
Music, Academic and Commercial High School. Special classes prepare 
students for preliminary law examinations. The charter of the Uni- 
versity entitles it to confer the usual academic degrees, together with 
degrees in law, medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. Rev. M. A. Hehir, 
D. D., is president, and the University is under the control of the Roman 
Catholic Church. The usual college athletics are given ample scope, 
and the usual college activities in sports are to be noted. The building 
is reached by a short walk from the Court House via Forbes street to 
Boyd street, and on Forbes street cars coming in Forbes on Routes 
63 to 81 inclusive. If one is not averse to a long climb, and 
happens at the Second Avenue Bridge, he can go up the steps on Second 
avenue, near the bridge. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



147 



The Western Theological Seminary was founded by the General 
Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in 1825, and the institu- 
tion was opened in 1827 with an enrollment of four students and a 
faculty of two professors. Since its organization, 2268 students have 
been trained for the ministry of evangelical churches, and the foreign 

missionary alumni number 128. 
The first building was erected 
in 1831 on what is now known 
as Monument Hill. This build- 
ing was completely destroyed by 
fire on January 23, 1854. The 
second building, erected on Ridge 
avenue facing West Parkin 1855, 
and known as "Seminary Hall, " 
was partially destroyed by fire 
in 1887 and immediately re- 
paired. In 1914 this building 
was demolished to be replaced 
by a large modern group, two 
wings of which were dedicated 
May 4, 1916. Architecturally 
the new buildings are English 
Collegiate Gothic, and structur- 
ally they are steel frame and 
fire proof. These two wings con- 
tain six class rooms, an office, 
a large Faculty and Director's 
room, a beautiful reading room 
38 x 88 feet, a librarian's office, 
a seminary room for private 
study, and a stack room capable 
of holding 160,000 volumes. 
For its size, it is an equipment 
second to none in the country. 

The first dormitory was erect- 
ed in 1859 and was made possi- 
ble by the generosity of Mrs. 
Hetty E. Beatty, and known 
as "Beatty Hall." This struc- 
ture becoming inadequate by 
1877, the Rev. C. C. Beatty 
furnished funds for a new dormitory, which was known as "Memorial 
Hall", as Dr. Beatty wished to make the edifice commemorate 
the reunion of the Old and New School branches of the Presbyterian 
Church. The present dormitory was dedicated in 1912, was erected 
on the site of Memorial Hall and retains the historic name of the old 
hall. It is a re-inforced concrete, fire-proof building, with suites to 




WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 
RIDGE AVENUE 



148 Pittsburgh, Hew To See It 

accommodate ninety students. It also contains a beautifully furnished 
social hall and a thoroughly equipped gymnasium, as well as a dining 
room. 

Adjoining the new administration group are four residences for 
professors. Two are situated on the east and two on the west side of 
the Seminary building and all face the West Park. 

The buildings are situated near the summit of Ridge avenue, 
North Side, and mainly on West Park, one of the most attractive 
portions of the City. Cars on Routes Nos. 18 and 19 pass within two 
squares of the Seminary buildings, and the stop nearest the Seminary 
is at Irwin avenue. 

A complete modern theological curriculum is offered, with 
elective courses leading to the degree of B. D. The faculty consists 
of nine professors and three instructors. Average enrollment, 75. 

The seminary of the United Presbyterian Church is at No. 
616 North avenue, West, reached by Routes 6, 7, 10, 13, 14 and 15. 

The Pennsylvania College for Women is situated in the midst 
of the best resident section of the City. The campus is a finely 
shaded tract of land embracing a hillside and its crest on which the 
buildings stand. It combines to a very unusual degree the advantages 
of the city and the country and is reached by the Hamilton avenue, and 
Highland Park cars, Routes Nos. 73 and 76 on Fifth avenue from 
downtown districts to the Woodland road and has entrances on Murray- 
hill avenue. It was founded in 1869 to meet the need of an institu- 
tion for higher learning for women maintained under distinctly Christian 
influences, although it is now undenominational. Its entrance require- 
ments are those of the leading eastern cultural colleges for women. It 
offers all the usual college courses and in addition has unusual advan- 
tages in music and expression and a course in social service which aims 
to train young women for intelligent service in philanthropic and social 
lines in both paid positions and volunteer work. A recent addition to 
the college buildings is Woodland Hall, a modern residence house 
accommodating 50 college students, constructed after the most approved 
plans and making a delightful home under student government control. 
The preparatory department, Dilworth Hall, holds certificate rights to 
all colleges giving such privileges and has now representatives in fifteen 
leading colleges. The College in all its departments aims to maintain 
a high standard of academic work and to give opportunities for social 
training under refined Christian influences. Its student body is full of 
college spirit and maintains extra curriculum activities along 'many 
lines; musical, dramatic, literary, philanthropic and athletic. ^There 
are the usual students' activities peculiar to Women's Colleges. The 
College is open throughout the year and visitors are always welcome. 

Shadyside Academy. — This Academy conducts two departments ; 
the Senior school for college preparatory work with their buildings and 
athletic grounds at Morewood and Ellsworth avenues, and the Junior 
school for primary and elementary grades at 615 Clyde street in the 
same neighborhood. The Academy is for boys only, and was founded 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



149 




SHADYSIDE ACADEMY 
ELLSWORTH AND MOREWOOD AVENUES 



in 1883. It has a faculty of fifteen teachers, and from 190 to 200 boys 
usually in*attendance. It has prepared 586 youths for 42 colleges and 
technical schools, including all the larger universities in the United 
States, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Renssalear 
School of Technology. Students activities include football, baseball, 
basket ball and track teams; mandolin and glee clubs, and the publi- 
cation of a school paper known as "Knick-knacks." The Athletic 
Field adjoining the school consists of one and one-half acres. The 
location is convenient, being reached from downtown on car Route 
75, and is about two minutes walk from Center avenue; cars on 
Routes 82 and 83; and about three minutes walk from Fifth avenue 
on Routes 73 and 76 to Morewood avenue. 

The East Liberty Academy, founded 1890, is located at the corner 
of Linden avenue and Meade street. Linden avenue is one square 
away from Point Breeze on Penn avenue. The Academy offers three 
courses, the Classical, the Latin Scientific and the General Scientific. 
The Classical Course is designed to prepare students for those colleges 
and universities where Greek is an entrance requirement for courses 
leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The Latin Scientific is 
designed to fit students for courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of 



150 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Arts in colleges where Greek is not an entrance requirement, or for 
courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. The General 
Scientific Course is a preparation for technical courses such as all 
branches of engineering, agriculture, forestry, etc. Students who 
complete a course of study in the Academy are admitted to all colleges 
and technical schools using the certificate plan without examination, 
and the work done in all departments of the school is of such a character 
as to fit students for the most exacting college entrance examinations. 
The average number of students enrolled at the Academy is one hundred 
and forty (140). The Academy is reached by a ten-minute walk from 
East Liberty and Homewood stations on the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
and directly by car Routes Nos. 75, and 76 via Penn avenue or Fifth 
avenue. 

The Academy of Our Lady of Mercy founded in 1894 is beauti- 
fully located on Fifth avenue between Craft avenue and Halket street. 
Standing on an eminence near the heart of the City and facing the Monon- 
gahela River it enjoys the conveniences of its urban situation enhanced 
by a cooler, clearer atmosphere than the surrounding locality. It is 
under the management of the Sister's of Mercy and is accessible from 
all car lines. Aside from the regular Academic and Commerical 
Courses the Academy offers special Courses in Literature, and the 
aesthetic arts. Its Academic Course meets all requirements for College 
entrance admitting without examination. Its average enrollment is 
about 180. The Academy is reached by Fifth avenue cars Routes 
63, 66, 68, 75, 76, 79, 80 and 81 to Craft avenue or Halket street. 

The Pittsburgh Academy founded and conducted for many 
years by the late J. Warren Lytle, is now located at No. 531 Wood 
street, opposite McCreery's Co.'s Department store. This is one of 
the best known and popular of Pittsburgh's educational institutions 
and the largest located in the heart of the business section. 

Public Schools. — The Pittsburgh school sytem was constituted 
a district of the first class under the enactment of the School Code of 
Pennsylvania April 18, 1911, which became operative in November of 
that year, and placed the entire management of all the public schools 
of the City in a Board of fifteen members who are appointed by the 
Judges of the Common Pleas Court, for a term of six years, and who are 
collectively and officially known as ''The Board of Public Education." 
The secretary, who is not a member, is the board's general executive. 
The offices of the board and Superintendent of Schools are in the 
Fulton Building at Federal (old Sixth) street and Duquesne way; the 
Board Room and Administration offices are on the seventh floor. 
The secretary's office hours are from 8:30 A. M. to 5 P. M., and on 
Saturday to 1 P. M. The hours of the other officers conform to this, 
excepting the Superintendent of Schools, which are half-an-hour later 
through the week, and an hour earlier on Saturdays; the offices of the 
Superintendent of Building, Controller, and the Department of Directors, 
also have their offices here, the Superintendent of Buildings on the 
thirteenth floor. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



151 



152 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



In each municipal ward there is a "Board of Visitors" composed 
of seven members elected by the people for a term of four years. This 
Board has only an advisory function in matters pertaining to the operation 
of schools. There are 133 schools in the City, widely distributed; they 
include 120 elementary schools; one normal; two open air; eight high; 
and two industrial, or vocational. There are three high school buildings 
and three elementary schools under construction, and more contem- 
plated. A small handbook is issued by the Board of Education giving 
full information regarding the schools, listing the teachers and all the 
officers of the system, locating the schools by streets, and the car route 
to reach each building; want of space forbids the insertion of this data, 
and the visitor interested in schools is referred to the Secretary of the 
Board for a copy of this handbook, and for further information. The 
downtown schools in use since the foundation of the school system 
have been abandoned, excepting the Grant School on Grant street near 
Seventh avenue; at Eighth street and Duquesne way is the North 
Industrial School. The movement of the population from the down- 
town district to the outer districts of the City, and the large increase 
in population in the congested districts, have necessitated the building 
of many new schools, which are distinctly modern and up to date archi- 
tecturally and otherwise for school purposes. Illustrations of two 
new elementary school buildings, the James E. Rogers School on 
Colombo street, East End, and the Wm. H. McKelvy School on Bedford 
avenue, adjoining Central Park, on the "Hill," are presented; also a 
photo of the high school at Schenley Farms, Bellefield, which is 
almost completed. 




WM. H. MCKELVY SCHOOL, BEDFORD AVENUE 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



153 




JAMES E. ROGERS SCHOOL, COLUMBO STREET 



Public Schools Outside of City.— Excepting the City of McKees- 
port and some boroughs, all the schools of Allegheny County outside 
of Pittsburgh, with over 2,000 teachers, are under the jurisdiction of the 
County Superintendent of Schools, whose offices are on the third floor 
of the Court House at Fifth avenue and Grant street, and to whom 
visitors interested are referred. The annual institute of the County 
teachers is held the last week in August in Carnegie Music Hall in the 
Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. Separate institutes are held in the 
City of McKeesport and in the large boroughs of Braddock, Homestead 
and Wilkinsburg under the auspices of the Superintendents of these 
districts. 

Parochial Schools. — Pittsburgh's school population is materially 
increased when the attendance of upwards of 30,000 pupils in the 
parochial schools of the City is considered. These are mainly in con • 
nection with the various churches of the Roman Catholic denomina- 
tion, but there are also some of the German Lutheran Church. Each 
Roman Catholic Church conducts a school. These must be located 
through the city directory by reference to the churches. Among the 
largest are the schools in connection with the Cathedral at Fifth 
avenue and Craig street, Bellefield; the Church of the Sacred Heart 
on Center avenue, East Liberty; and that of St. Mary's of the Mount, 
on Grandview avenue, Mt. Washington. These are easily reached 
via the trolleys of the sections mentioned (see under "Pittsburgh 
Districts Located and Defined." 



CHAPTER XI 



Hospitals 

The Mercy Hospital is at Pride and Locust streets. This 
institution, the first of the kind in Western Pennsylvania, was opened 
temporarily in a building on I?enn avenue, January 1, 1847. This 
building, known as '• Concert Hall" had been used as an Academy, 
and was the residence of the Sisters of Mercy. It was on the site of 
what was afterwards known as the old "Home Block, " The Hospital 
existed on this site for sixteen months, and was transferred in 1848, to a 
building erected for that purpose on Stevenson street, its present 
location. This was three stories high, and capable of accommodating 
sixty patients. In 1882 the Mercy Hospital became a corporation. 
The first addition to the original building was begun in 1882. Since 
then the hospital has increased its capacity many times by the addition 
of several buildings and annexes, and still there is need of more room. 
The present capacity is three hundred and seventy-five beds. The 
hospital buildings occupy almost the entire square which is bounded 
by Stevenson,- Pride, Locust and Vickroy streets. Besides there is a 
power house and Training School for Nurses, which is situated on the 
northeast corner of Pride and Locust streets, and connected by bridge 
with the main building. The Training School for Nurses has kept 
pace with the growth of the hospital, and at present time averages 
one hundred pupil nurses, which number is supplemented by an addi- 
tional force of Graduate Nurses in charge of private patients. The 
Magee Pathological Institute, to which is subjoined the Pasteur Insti- 
tute for the prevention of hydrophobia, is on Stevenson street. Its 
well-equipped laboratories are capable of handling all material sent to 
them for pathological and bacteriological examination. It has also a 
well equipped bio-chemical laboratory. A large free dispensary on 
Pride street, takes care of all out door patients. As to the character 
of cases seeking admission to the hospital, no exception is made but to 
those suffering from mental and contagious disease. These cases are 
more efficiently cared for in a separate institution. A new building 
will soon be erected on the southeast corner of Pride and Vickroy 
streets, the elevated position making the site a very desirable one. 
This will contain private rooms, wards, sun parlors, etc.; and also pro- 
vide for a new chapel. The additional bed capacity will be two hundred 
and forty. The hospital is reached by Forbes street cars to Pride 
street and Fifth avenue lines to the same street. Routes 62 to 
73 inclusive and No. 80 on Forbes, and Routes 72, 75, 76, 79 and 
81 on Fifth avenue. 

154 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



155 



\ '<%. w i "^Hf" 




Passavant Hospital.— At Roberts and Reed streets, in the Hill 
district, in the heart of Pittsburgh's Ghetto, is the celebrated Passavant 
Hospital, one of several institutions bearing the name Passavant and 
under the care and auspices of the English Lutheran Church in the 
United States. 



156 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

This hospital was founded by the Rev. W. A. Passavant, D. D., 
an eminent philanthropist of Pittsburgh. He placed it under the care 
of The Institution of Protestant Deaconesses, an organization for works 
of mercy, which he introduced into the United States and by which the 
hospital has been conducted since 1849. In the spring of 1848, Rev. 
Passavant rented a house in Allegheny, above the North Common, 
now Park, for use of the hospital, then called "The Pittsburgh In- 
firmary." In June, 1849, peculiar conditions brought about the 
removal of the "Infirmary" and its location in the buildings of a 
"Female Seminary," on Roberts street, upon the square opposite its 
present site. The first brick structure was occupied in July, 1849, 
when, from the Kaiserswerth Deaconess, Institution in Germany, where 
Florence Nightingale, the heroine of the Crimean War and of Long- 
fellow's "The Lady with the Lamp," received training as a nurse, four 
Sisters came to America and took charge of the infant hospital, A 
charter was granted the institution in 1850 by the Legislature of Penn- 
sylvania. As therein set forth, the object of the hospital is: "In order 
that the suffering and sick might be cared for in a becoming and 
Christian manner, without distinction of creed, color or country." 

The hospital site embraces nearly three acres; in the rear is a 
large green sward nicely shaded for use of .convalescents; the outlook 
up the Monongahela and over the surrounding hills is wondrously 
beautiful; there is little annoyance from the noises of the busy city; 
the favoring breezes keep the buildings cool. The four buildings of 
the plant are the original three story brick, with the "Annex" erected 
in 1899; the Sister HoUse and Nurses Home, built in 1904; Laboratory 
and Men's Dormitory and the heating plant, laundry and dormitory 
for domestics, all completed in 1909. Eighty-four beds, equally divided 
between the private rooms and the wards, is the hospital's capacity for 
in-door patients. The X-ray equipment is one of the best and most 
complete in the city. The laboratory is well prepared to take care of 
all needed pathological service. All accidents, and all diseases, except 
contagious and infectious, are admitted to the hospital. The hospital 
staff numbers seven surgeons; seven physicians; twelve specialists in 
diseases of the eye,- ear, nose, throat, mouth, etc., and in pathology, 
radiography, broncoscophy, etc. Any reputable physician, on appli- 
cation to the Directing Sister, may place his private patients and 
attend them in the hospital. In 1915 the hospital cared for 1827 in- 
door patients and 1841 out-door. The nursing days were 27,885; of 
which 5,307 were "free," without charge. 

-The Passavant Hospital Training School for Nurses is chartered, 
and since 1900 has been in successful operation. The attendance is 
limited to thirty pupils. _ The course of study embraces three years 
of theoretical and practical training. Graduates receive a diploma 
and a nurses' pin of gold. Application should be made in person at 
the hospital or by letter addressed to The Passavant Hospital Training 
School, Roberts and Reed streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. Register of nurses 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



157 



is kept at the hospital office; calls for service will be answered at any 
hour, day or night. Bell phone, 2215 Grant; P. & A. phone, 540 Main. 
All cars on Center avenue pass Roberts street. These are 
Routes Nos. 82 and 83. To reach the hospital, get off at Roberts 
street; the hospital buildings are a block south, easily seen from 
Center avenue. 

The Western Pennsylvania Hospital of Pittsburgh, was founded 
in 1848 and incorporated by act of Legislature. Under the powers 
conferred by this act, two institutions were eventually developed — the 
General Medical and Surgical Departments of the hospital, first located 
on the hillside at the head of Twenty-eighth street, and the hospital 
for the Insane at Dixmont, on the Ohio River, nine miles below the City. 




WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL 
FRIENDSHIP AVENUE 

In 1854 the demand incidental to the care of insane patients had 
become so great that the Legislature was petitioned to contribute to 
the maintenance of these unfortunates. This was granted by modifying 
the charter in such a way that a district of twenty-one counties was 
created, whose insane could be legally committed to the hospital. 



158 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

This continued until 1862 when the insane were transferred to the 
insane department, which had been erected at Dixmont. These 
practically separate hospitals remained under one general Board of 
Managers with distinct executive committees until 1907 when both 
institutions were granted new charters, under the names of "The 
Western Pennsylvania Hospital " and "The Dixmont Hospital for the 
Insane." 

The question of rebuilding became urgent in 1904, as 'the buildings 
at Twenty-eighth street were old, expensive to keep up, and a source of 
constant complaint by patients and their friends, on account of the 
remoteness from the street cars and the fatiguing hill to be climbed, to 
say nothing of being no longer adapted to modern scientific medical 
practice. After mature deliberation a new site was decided upon. 
In 1906 a plot of three and one-half acres was purchased, facing Friend- 
ship Park, ideally situated and accessible to street cars, yet far enough 
away to eliminate the noise of their operation. Upon this ground 
has been erected the structure that in every way conforms to the 
needs of a modern hospital, both as regards sanitary arrangements 
and scientific equipment. The cornerstone was laid with impressive 
ceremonies November 3, 1909. The building as a whole was completed 
in December, 1911, and occupied a few months later. The building is 
fireproof throughout and has a modern ventilating system that gives 
an abundance of fresh air, free from the soot that is sometimes preva- 
lent in Pittsburgh. The wings are arranged in stellate form, admitting 
a maximum amount of light and air. Each wing is composed of four 
wards, each an entity, so that in whole or in part, isolation is possible 
without interfering with the efficiency of the floor above, or below, or 
the rest of the hospital. 

This hospital opens its doors to those of every creed, color or 
condition in life who need its help. It is now enlarged and developed 
beyond anything of which its founders dreamed, when they invited the 
citizens of Pittsburgh to join them in "forming one general hospital 
which shall be worthy of our City and vicinity and of the age in which 
we live." 

The new hospital is beautifully located on Friendship Park, 
between Mill vale avenue and Mathilda street, East End. It has a 
normal capacity of four hundred and fifty patients, but by utilizing 
the spaces in the central corridors, which would be done in case of 
necessity, six hundred patients can be cared for. About 8,500 in- 
patients are treated annually, and it is seldom there are less than four 
hundred and twenty-five patients in the building. The Board of 
Directors is composed of men prominent in the business life of the 
City. It has an efficient medical and surgical staff of thirty-five 
physicians. The hospital is reached by Bloomfield cars, Routes 72 
via Forbes street, and 92 via Penn avenue. Cars stop at the hospital. 

The Training School for Nurses connected with the Western 
Pennsylvania Hospital was organized in 1892 with a two year's course 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 159 

of training. Previous to that time the care of the sick had been done 
in an indifferent manner by men and women who were willing to be 
employed for that purpose. The first graduating class (1894) con- 
sisted of eleven nurses. In 1897 the school was composed of thirty- 
five nurses, male and female, working side by side and attending the 
same classes. In 1898 the school was reorganized upon a basis of three 
years instruction bringing it up to the plane of the best training schools 
in the country. The male nurses were eliminated and none but females 
admitted to the training school, experience having clearly proven that 
the female is the natural nurse. The training school at the present 
time has one hundred fifty members. In order to be eligible to 
membership a woman must be at least twenty-one years of age; have had 
a high school education and be perfectly sound physically. 

Homeopathic Hospital. — On Center avenue, near Aiken 
avenue, in the East End, is the fourth hospital established in Pittsburgh, 
and called the Homeopathic Hospital from the fact that it is the only 
one conducted under the auspices of physicians of that school of medi- 
cine. 

The first building was an old mansion on Second avenue above 
Smithfield street, the lot running through to First avenue. This was 
in 1865. In the next year a charter was granted by the Legislature of 
Pennsylvania and a board of trustees organized, and on August 1, 1866, 
the building was opened for patients. This first building had a capacity 
of thirty-eight beds and was occupied as* a hospital for sixteen years, 
when it was razed and a larger building erected. The adjoining lot was 
purchased and a new building erected on it, which was opened for 
patients in April, 1884. Another annex became ' necessary and 
additional property was purchased and built upon extending the 
Second avenue frontage to Cherry way. These buildings were 
occupied by the hospital for twenty-six years. Located in the crowded 
part of the city, hemmed in on all sides by business edifices and tall 
buildings where fresh air and sunshine were hard to get, the demand 
for another location became so pronounced that it was determined to 
obtain a location in the East End. The ground now occupied by the 
Center avenue building was selected and the present building on the 
site opened for patients March 1, 1910. The Second avenue buildings 
were conducted as a downtown hospital until August 1, 1915, when 
their use as a hospital was discontinued. A free dispensary feature is 
still conducted there. This dispensary is for eye, ear, nose and throat 
treatments. 

The Pittsburgh Training School for Nurses in connection with 
this hospital was organized in 1885. It was the first training school in 
Pittsburgh. Upwards of 350 nurses have been graduated from it. 
There is a Nurses' Home in connection with the Center avenue build- 
ing and a dispensary for all kinds of cases. ^ 

The Homeopathic Hospital is progressive and modern. It is 
one of the popular institutions of its kind in the City. It is reached 
by Center avenue cars from downtown on Routes 71, 72 and 82, and 



160 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

from the East End district on Routes Nos. 71 and 82, and Fifth avenue 
and Forbes street cars at the transfer points to these Routes. The 
visiting hours in the general ward are Tuesdays and Fridays, and in the 
private wards and rooms from 10 a. m. to 9 p. m. every day. 

St. Francis Hospital. — This large and well known institution 
was founded by the Sisters of St. Francis in Buffalo, N. Y., a contingent 
of which arrived in Pittsburgh in 1885 for the purpose of establishing 
a much needed hospital in the Lawrenceville district. At first a small 
frame dwelling was occupied, but it was soon inadequate for the pur- 
pose, so that on May 22, 1866, a plot of ground containing six and one- 
half acres was acquired on what is now Forty-fourth street, where 
the hospital was established, and has steadily grown in all directions. 
The institution was chartered in 1868, and the first large building was 
dedicated September 26, 1871; there are now eight large buildings and 
other smaller necessary buildings; the hospital building No. 8 has four 
wings, all of late addition, and are called "Wings A, B. C. and D. " 
facing Forty-fifth street. There is a dispensary in connection with 
the hospital, where medical and surgical aid is offered to all worthy 
persons otherwise unable to obtain this attention. There is a training 
school for nurses in connection with the hospital, affording a three year 
course; the first graduates forming the class of 1904. There are special 
departments in the hospital for the treatment of inebriates and those 
addicted to the drug habit; there is also a childrens' department and a 
pathological library. This is one of the largest and best equipped 
hospitals of its kind in the country, and is situated in that district of the 
city where some of the largest manufacturing plants are located. It is 
thoroughly equipped in all departments, has a large surgical and medical 
staff, and is well conducted and popular. It is reached, by Frankstown 
avenue cars on Route 88, Penn avenue cars of Route 92 to Forty- 
fourth street, and Butler street cars on Routes 93, 94 and 95 to 
Forty -fourth street. 

The Pittsburgh Hospital for Children is on Forbes street at 
McDevitt Place, Oakland. It was incorporated March 18, 1887, and 
the building opened in 1890. The institution is free. This is dis- 
tinctively a special hospital largely orthopedic in character. Recently 
additional buildings have been erected including a contagious ward. 
The hospital is maintained by contributions from the public, largely 
from persons of ample means, and by State appropriations. Visiting 
hours are Saturday only 1 to 3 P. M. in wards. Private rooms 9 A. M. 
to 9 P. M. daily. The hospital is reached by Fifth avenue cars to 
Craft avenue, and Forbes street cars to Ophelia street, same routes 
as go to Schenley Park, 63 to 68 inclusive, 72, 73, etc. 

South Side Hospital. — This Hospital is located at South 
Twentieth and Mary streets, the latter street three blocks south of 
Carson street going toward the Hill. This Hospital was incorporated 
October 26, 1889, is located in the midst of the South Side mill district, 
close to various large establishments and two lines of railroads. The 
hospital staff and assistants number 38; there is a head nurse and 55 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 161 

assistant nurses; 'there are twelve wards, two private floors and 250 
beds. There are five buildings, viz: Administration building; the 
Hospital building; Nurses' home; power plant, and the laboratory. 
There is a full suite of operating rooms, and a department of hyrdo- 
therapy; an out-patient department, and a Social Service worker in 
connection . with ' the Associated Charities of the City, and other 
charitable organizations. This is a special feature; there is a separate 
staff for this work, numbering sixteen physicians, some of whom are 
also on the regular hospital staff. There is a motor ambulance service 
in connection with the hospital. One of the most beautiful of the many 
hospital buildings in the City is the Oliver Annex to the South Side 
Hospital at South Twentieth street, between Mary and Jane streets. 
This building was erected through the generosity of Mrs. Amelia 
N. S. Oliver, and her children, Mrs. Amelia Neville Crittenden, Mrs. 
Frances Oliver Johnson, Mrs. Edith Oliver Dusmet, and Mr. D. Leet 
Oliver, and was erected and equipped as a memorial to the late James 
Brown Oliver. The South Side Hospital is reached by Carson street 
cars on Routes 50, 51 and 52 to South Twentieth street and Carson; 
Route 53 will land visitors at South Eighteenth street, two short 
blocks west. 

The Eye and Ear Hospital is located at 1945-1951 Fifth avenue, 
corner of Jumonville street. It is under the auspices of a Board of 
Women Managers and had its inception at a meeting held May 20, 
1895, at the home of Miss Sarah H. Kilikelly, a noted Pittsburgh 
author, now deceased. A charter was secured June 22, 1895, and the 
hospital opened at 945 Penn avenue, removing to its present building, 
built for the purpose, in 1905. The first board of managers consisted 
of thirteen women and two physicians, eye specialists, for the medical 
and surgical treatment of all diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. 

The hospital provides for three classes of patients. First. For 
the poor who need treatment but not of a character requiring detention 
in the hospital. For those the dispensary is open every afternoon. 
Second. For the poor who require detention in the hospital, free beds 
in the wards are provided in case of absolute need, otherwise a nominal 
charge is made. Third. For these able to pay, private rooms are 
furnished, the money so received helping to maintain the free beds. 

Patients are received into the Eye and Ear Hospital without 
distinction. Emergency cases will be admitted at any hour. Chronic 
sufferers will be treated for a limited time. Private rooms should be 
engaged in advance. Private patients may be visited daily from 
9 A. M. to 9 P. M. Ward patients may be visited Tuesdays and 
Thursdays from 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 P. M. Sundays, vistors are allowed 
from 2 to 4 P. M. to all patients. Visitors must give no eatables, 
liquors or tobacco to patients without permission from the nurse in 
charge. 

Hospital charges here are moderate and the superintendent 
after hearing the statements of a patient, is given by the Board of 
Managers, authority to fit the scale of prices to the ability of the 



162 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

patient to pay. Cards stating prices may be had at the office and in 
the dispensary. 

The dispensary has one lecture room for students, two eye 
rooms, one ear room, one nose room. Men's ward contains thirteen 
beds. Women's ward, three beds. Children's ward, eight beds. 
Isolation ward, four beds. Three beds in semi-private ward. Twelve 
private rooms. Three operating rooms and a dressing room for treat- 
ment cases. The dispensary is open every afternoon at 2 o'clock. 

The hospital is reached by Fifth avenue cars on Routes Nos. 
63, 66, 68, 72, 76, 79, 80 and 81, and stop in Fifth avenue directly in 
front of hospital. Forbes street lines to the Elizabeth Steel Magee 
Hospital stop at Jumonville street. 

The Allegheny General Hospital. — Situated on East Stockton 
avenue and Weiser street, was established in 1880 with a capacity of 
about 100 beds. It was supported largely by the charity of influential 
and wealthy citizens of the former City of Allegheny and of the County, 
and grew in size and importance until 1904, when the present building 
with a capacity of 450 beds was completed. The hospital is general in 
character, accepts patients suffering from all kinds of diseases except 
contagious diseases. Sixty per cent, of the work that it does is charity 
work. It has always maintained a large field of usefulness in the charity 
work of the City and County. Connected with the hospital is a 
Training School for Nurses, which has a present enrollment of 137. 
There is a surgical and medical staff of twenty prominent physicians 
and surgeons of the City. The hospital is reached by North Side cars 
to Stockton avenue, on Routes Nos. 3 to 11 inclusive, and 13 to 19 
inclusive. Visiting hours for the wards are on Wednesday and Friday 
2 to 4 P. M., and on Friday 7:30 to 8:30 P. M. Private rooms and 
wards daily from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. 

The Pittsburgh Hospital.— In 1896 the Pittsburgh Hospital 
made an humble beginning in a small dwelling on Stanton avenue 
with beds for only ten patients. Four months later the hospital was 
removed to Collins avenue, where sixteen beds were placed at the 
disposal of the sick and suffering. These quarters again becoming 
inadequate, the Finley homestead was purchased. This property, 
consisting of an old home and six acres of ground facing on the Beech- 
wood boulevard, now the Washington boulevard, and Frankstown 
avenue, was quickly adapted for use. A large and up-to-date hospital 
was projected, and in December, 1905, was completed and occupied, 
the old building being remodeled to serve as a Nurses' Home. The 
new building is a magnificent structure of yellow brick. It is five stories 
high and has a frontage on the boulevard. At the south end are broad 
verandas opening off each floor. These porches look down upon wide, 
shady lawns and the clear sparkling waters of a willow- wreathed lake, 
affording a pleasant view to convalescent patients. 

In keeping with the exterior are the beauty and perfection of the 
interior. Broad, marble-tiled corridors lead into neatly furnished 
apartments, all of which receive abundant light and air. There are 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 163 

beds for one hundred patients. Steam heat is used; and the electric 
appliances, of every sort, are of the most improved kinds. Dressing- 
rooms and diet-kitchens form an interesting feature of every floor. 

Keeping pace with progress in the demands made by modern 
surgery, neither pains nor money has been spared in providing perfectly 
equipped operating rooms. There are three of these: a large amphi- 
theatre adapted to the needs of modern surgery, and two smaller 
rooms for emergency and septic cases. These are widely situated 
from one another; are perfectly heated, and lighted by side and sky- 
lights. The floors and walls are of marble and cemented white tile; 
and the ceilings of white enamel. Connected with the Surgical Depart- 
ment, and forming a part of it, are the sterilizing, instrument and supply 
rooms, together with the physicians' scrub rooms and dressing rooms. 
A large, well-equipped pharmacy, presided over by a registered pharma- 
cist, supplies the general demand for medicines, while a small emergency 
drug-room on each floor is at the ready service of physicians and nurses. 
A modern and complete Roentgen Ray apparatus is a valuable part of 
the hospital equipment and is at the service of the medical profession 
in general. Somewhat apart from the main building is a smaller one, 
devoted to pathological and bacteriological research. 

The Pittsburgh Hospital, conducted under the auspices of the 
Sisters of Charity, is purely charitable in its aim and scope, admitting 
within its doors the sick and injured without regard to race or creed, 
excepting only such as suffer from contagious disease. Reasonable 
fees are required from the wealthier classes of patients. 

The hospital is reached by Hamilton avenue cars, Route 76, 
to the Washington boulevard. 

The Presbyterian Hospital is at Montgomery and Sherman 
avenues, North Side, and dates from May 4, 1895. The Presbyterian 
Hospital School of Nursing, established the same year, offers a 
course of instruction to women desiring to enter the nursing profession. 
The nurse's home building, recently constructed, is well equipped and 
modern in all its appointments. It contains single sleeping rooms, 
diet kitchen equipped for teaching, lecture demonstrations and recep- 
tion rooms., with a sleeping pavilion on the roof for those desiring to 
sleep in the open. The Presbyterian hospital affords exceptional 
advantages for the education of nurses. The new building of six 
stories embraces the most modern and improved features of hospital 
construction. It contains 200 beds for the sick. Its service is varied, 
having medical, surgical, obstetrical and children's wards, in addition 
to special work in the dispensary. Instruction in preparation of 
foods with their application to the needs of the sick, is given in the 
diet kitchen, equipped for teaching. Candidates are admitted by 
application personally or by letter to the superintendent of the training 
school, and on her recommendation. The hospital is reached by 
North Side cars on Routes Nos. 6, 7, 13, 14 ,15 and 16 via North avenue 
to Sherman avenue and Routes Nos. 18 and 19 via Ohio street to 



164 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Sherman avenue. Visiting hours in the wards are on Tuesday and 
Thursday from 2 to 3 and 7 to 8 P. M. Sunday 2 to 3 only. In private 
rooms and wards daily from 10 A. M. to 9. P. M. 

The Saint Margaret Memorial Hospital is at Forty-sixth and 
Davison streets, Lawrenceville. It is under the care of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, and is a general hospital 
of 100 beds for ward and private patients. Visiting hours for ward 
patients, Sunday, Tuesday and Friday 2 to 4 P.M.; Wednesday 7 to 
8 P. M. Private patients 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. Saint Margaret Memorial 
Hospital is founded upon the will of John H. Shoenberger, Esq., who 
died in the city of New York in the month of November, 1889, and in 
his will provided for the formation of a corporation for the erection and 




SAINT MARGARET MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
FORTY-SIXTH AND DAVISON STREETS, LAWRENCEVILLE 

maintenance of a "Protestant Episcopal Church Hospital" in memory 
of his wife, Margaret Cust Shoenberger, to be known as Saint Margaret 
Memorial Hospital. The site was a part of the summer residence of 
Mr. Shoenberger and of her in whose memory the hospital was created. 
It is reached via Butler street cars on Routes 93, 94, 95 and 96 to 
Forty-sixth street. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 165 

St. John's General Hospital is on McClure avenue in the 
Woods Run district of the North Side. It dates back to March, 1896, 
and its necessity arose from the number of accident cases occuring in 
the great manufacturing plants in that district. The hospital was 
founded by Protestant Deaconesses from the Mary J. Drexel Home 
in Philadelphia. The hospital is now conducted by the Sisters of 
Divine Providence, a Sisterhood of the Roman Catholic Church, 
whose convent is on Lincoln avenue in the East End. Visiting hours 
in the ward are Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2 to 3 P. M. 
and Wednesdays and Fridays from 7 to 8 P. M. This is a general 
hospital with special care and attention given to acute medical and 
surgical cases. There are 125 beds available. The hospital is reached 
by Woods Run cars on Route No. 18. 

The Columbia Hospital is at Penn and West streets, Wilkins- 
burg. It is accessible by the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
and local trains to Wilkinsburg station, and by trolley Route No. 75 
at the corner of the property. The hospital capacity "is 177 beds. It 
is general in character, and receives all classes of cases except contagious 
diseases. The institution is conducted under the auspices of the 
United Presbyterian Women's Association of North America. 

Montefiore Hospital. — This hospital is maintained by the 
Montefiore Hospital Association of Western Pennsylvania, and is 
located at Center and Herron avenues. It has a capacity of sixty-five 
beds and was opened June, 1908. All cases are admitted excepting 
contagious, tuberculosis and chronic. There is a training school in 
connection for nurses; twenty- two nurses are in training, three years 
course, at which time they are graduated as Trained Nurses. The 
staff includes fifteen prominent physicians of the city. This hospital 
is the only one in the city that is maintained by an association composed 
of Hebrews, and the physicians in attendance are also of the Jewish 
faith. The hospital building was formerly the Jacob Ewart mansion 
and was a fine specimen of Colonial architecture in the early years of 
the City, which was remodeled and added to for the purposes of the 
hospital. It is reached by Center avenue cars via Routes Nos. 82 
and 83 from downtown, and on the former from the East End district. 
Visiting hours are from 2 to 4 P. M. on Tuesdays and Fridays in the 
wards; and in private rooms from 10 A. M. to 9 P. M. daily. 

Tuberculosis Hospital. — The City has recently opened this 
hospital in buildings especially erected for the purposes. It is on what 
is known as the Leech Farm, on the hill above the railroad, known as 
the "Brilliant. Cut-off." on the tracks of the Buffalo and Allegheny 
division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The hospital is reached by 
trolley lines, Routes 88 and 89, to Frankstown avenue and the Washing- 
ton boulevard and Route 76 to Hamilton avenue and that boulevard. 
Everything in connection with the treatment and care of this class of 
patients is modern and scientific along the lines of the latest methods 
and discoveries. Visiting hours are Wednesday and Sunday, from 
2 to 4 p. m. 



166 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

St, Joseph's Hospital, at No. 2117 Carson street, South Side, is 
in the heart of a great mill district and was formally opened September 
20, 1904, The first building was a large homestead on the present site. 
The present structure was begun in 1908, and formally opened to visitors 
February 2, 1911. It is a modern, fire-proof, five story brick and granite 
structure, with a roof garden, and a basement partly overground. 
The latter contains the heating plant, laundry, store rooms, and sleeping 
rooms for the male help. 

On the first floor are the offices and reception rooms, pharmacy, 
dispensary, laboratory, emergency operating room, physicians' con- 
sulting rooms, isolated rooms for contagious diseases which may develop 
in the hospital, and X-Ray room. 

The second, third and fourth floors are apportioned into guest 
rooms (with private bath), private rooms, semi -private rooms and 
wards, each floor being equipped with sun parlors, recovery rooms, 
diet kitchens, bath rooms, linen closets, nurses' rooms and public 
toilets. 

On the fifth floor are the kitchen and dining rooms. The three 
operating rooms are well equipped with all the usual and necessary 
appliances, and each is a model of its kind. 

The interior of the hospital is finished throughout in dark 
English oak, and the walls are delicately and tastefully tinted. An iron 
stairway and two elevators provide a means of easy access to all parts 
of the building, and every modern convenience, such as steam heat, 
electric light, etc., insure all possible comfort to the the inmates. 

The hospital is under the control of the Sisters of St. Joseph. 
There is a training school for nurses in connection under the same control 
with a Sister presiding in each department. Visiting hours in the 
wards and semi-wards is permitted daily, except Saturday, from 2 to 4 
P. M. and from 7 to 8 P. M.; and in private and semi-private rooms 
daily from 10 to 11:30 A. M., 2 to 5 P. M., and from 7 to 9 P. M. # 

The hospital is reached by Carson street cars on Routes 50, 
51 and 52, the latter via the Second avenue bridge, is the shorter route. 

Suburban Hospitals. — These are Braddock General Hospital 
at Braddock; the Ohio Valley at McKees Rocks; the Sewickley Valley 
Hospital and the Suburban General Hospital at Bellevue. McKeesport 
Hospital is in that city. 

Municipal Hospital. — The City under the direction of the Bureau 
of Infectious Diseases of the Department of Public Health maintains 
a municipal hospital for infectious diseases on Bedford _ avenue and 
Francis street. The building was erected in 1904, and will accommo- 
date 175 patients, with wards isolated for scarlet fever, diptheria, measles, 
chicken pox and erysipelas, with cottages removed from main building 
for small pox. Motor ambulance service, as well as the hospital 
treatment, are free to all residents of Pittsburgh. The hospital is open 
at all times to all physicians who wish to visit their patients, and to the 
clergy. Graduate nurses are employed. Reached by Bedford avenue 
cars, Route 85 to Francis street. 



168 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



The Elizabeth Steel Magee Hospital is located at Forbes and 
Halket streets, and is a modern hospital for women founded and 
endowed by the late Christopher Lyman Magee, of Pittsburgh, who 
left practically his entire estate of $3,500,000 for the building, equip- 
ment and endowment of a hospital to be erected in memory of his 




THE ELIZABETH STEEL MAGEE HOSPITAL 
FORBES AND HALKET STREETS 



mother. His homestead, consisting of a large frame dwelling, sur- 
rounded by ten acres of beautiful landscape gardens, and located in 
the Oakland residence section, was left as the site of the hospital. 
The Magee residence was altered and equipped as a temporary hospital, 
and was opened January 19, 1911, for the reception of patients. Ground 
was broken for the new building on January 12, 1914, and after com- 
pletion was thrown open to the public for inspection October 27, 191.5, 
and was occupied November 3, 1915. It is a teaching institution 
and cares for both obstetric and gynecologic cases and is modeled after 
the well-known " Frauenkliniks " of Germany. There is a training 
school in connection with the hospital which offers a three months 
course in Obstetrics to Graduate Nurses, and to pupil nurses of a 
recognized training school, connected with a general hospital. The 
hospital adjoins the Forbes street barns of the Pittsburgh Railways 
Company and is reached by all Forbes street cars, Routes Nos. 64, 
65, 66, 67, 71, 72 and 73 to Halket street. 



CHAPTER XII 



N 



ewspapers 



Most of all the visiting stranger misses his favorite daily, especially 
the morning paper. 'He will therefore turn to some one of the papers of 
the City,perhaps several, and examine them with critical care, comparing 
feature by feature with those of his customary and favorite home 
paper. Pittsburgh newspapers will stand the test. They embody all 
that is up-to-date and enterprising in modern newspaperdom. More- 
over they have lasted, one for 130 years, the others for varying periods 
from 30 to 70 years. There are eleven dailies. The morning papers 
are the Gazette Times, Post and Dispatch and the "Volksblatt- 
Freiheits Freund," the one German. The afternoon papers are the 
Chronicle Telegraph, Leader, Press and Sun. The Pittsburgh Live 
Stock Journal is issued daily at the Stock Yards, and there are two 
dailies in foreign languages: The Magyar Hirado (Hungarian), and the 
Narodny Deinink (Slovak). The Gazette Times, Dispatch, Post, Press, 
Leader and Volksblatt-Freiheits Freund issue Sunday editions. The 
Leader was the pioneer Sunday paper having been published as a 
Sunday weekly before it became both a daily and a Sunday paper. 

In all," 180 publications are registered as second class mail 
matter at the Pittsburgh post office ranging from dailies to quarterlies. 
Many of these are trades journals pertaining to the varied industries 
of the Pittsburgh district. It is not feasible to go into details of these 
or even list them. 

The Pittsburgh Gazette Times was established in 1786 by John 
Scull. It is the second oldest newspaper of continuous publication in 
the United States. At the time of the establishment of the Pittsburgh 
Gazette there were in Pittsburgh, according to the best accounts, 36 
log houses, one stone and one frame house. The first home of the 
Gazette was a little log house on the Monongahela, at the corner of 
Chancery lane and Water street. The paper was published as the 
Pittsburgh Gazette until 1877, when a controlling interest was bought 
in the Commercial, which had been started in 1864. These two papers 
were published as one under the name of The Commercial Gazette. 
In 1900 The Commercial Gazette was purchased by George T. Oliver, 
the present owner. In 1901 when the Sunday issue was established in 
keeping with modern demand for an uninterrupted receipt of news of 
the hour, the original name of the paper, the Pittsburgh Gazette, was 
restored and retained until 1906, when the Pittsburgh Times was 
purchased and merged with The Gazette under the present style — The 
Gazette Times. 

169 



170 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 




i I n 

mSbmMiMsmmm 




GAZETTE TIMES AND CHRONICLE TELEGRAPH BUILDING 

The Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph dates from 1841. In that year 
was started the Iron City and Pittsburgh Weekly Chronicle, which was 
later published as a daily newspaper under the name of The Chronicle, 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 171 

In 1871 The Telegraph was first published, and in 1885 The Chronicle 
and The Telegraph were merged into one newspaper and named The 
Chronicle Telegraph. In 1900 George T. Oliver purchased The 
Chronicle Telegraph which has since been published under his owner- 
ship. 

The publication building of The Gazette Times and The 
Chronicle Telegraph is located on Pentland street facing Gazette 
square, which was so named in honor of the pioneer of Pittsburgh 
newspapers. The building occupies an entire block, with streets on all 
four sides. _ It is eight stories in height and was completed in February, 
1915. It is admirably adapted for the purpose for which it was 
erected — the publication of daily newspapers — and has the reputation 
of being in many respects the best equipped and most up to date 
newspaper plant in the United States. The entire eighth floor of the 
building is used as a composing room, which, in addition to the light 
coming from all four sides, is illuminated by roof sky-lights, and contains 
a battery of thirty of the latest model linotype machines. On the 
seventh floor is situated the stereotyping department. This is equipped 
with all the latest mechanical devices, most of which are in duplicate to 
guard against any possibility of tie-up by accident. The actual stereo- 
typing is done by two double junior auto plate machines, one of the 
many mechanical marvels which are used in the production of the daily 
newspaper. On the sixth floor of the building is located the art and 
photo engraving departments, which include a photograph gallery, 
dark rooms, etching rooms and all the other equipment necessary to 
provide illustrations of all kinds within the shortest possible time. 
The fifth floor is devoted to the news and editorial departments. The 
fourth floor is not at present used by the newspapers, having been 
built to provide for future needs. The business departments include 
the executive, accounting, advertising and circulation. They are 
housed in the third floor of the building. The second floor is used for 
the storage of white paper, of which the newspapers use approximately 
1,000 tons every month. 

On the ground floor in the front of the building is the entrance 
lobby containing in addition to the passenger elevator, the private 
telephone exchange and a branch of the business office. In the rear of 
the same floor are placed the huge presses which turn out the com- 
pleted newspapers. Of these presses there are four — two octuple and 
two quadruple. Each octuple press has a capacity sufficient to print 
72,000 sixteen page newspapers per hour. Connected with the press 
department by automatic carriers in the_ mailing and shipping room, 
underneath which is the stand for the delivery trucks and wagons. 

In addition to the publication building, The Gazette Times and 
Chronicle Telegraph maintain a downtown office at 328 Fifth avenue, 
between Wood and Smithfield streets, for the receipt of advertise- 
ments, subscription orders and such other detail work as adds to the 
convenience of the public. Visitors are always made welcome at the 
publication building of The Gazette Times and Chronicle Telegraph 



172 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

and arrangements can be made in advance for the care of large numbers 
of visitors and for showing them in detail the complete process of the 
making of a modern newspaper. The building is but a few minutes 
walk from the Pennsylvania Station and can be seen from the station. 
Gazette square is reached also by a short walk from Sixth avenue on 
Webster avenue to Tunnel street. 

The Pittsburgh Post. — This is the second oldest newspaper in 
Pittsburgh, and has been continuously published as a daily since 
September 10, 1842. It 'dates back as a weekly under various names 
to 1804; its original name was the "Commonwealth." Through all 
these years it has been the only Democratic daily in Pittsburgh, and is 
as commonly called "The Only " as by its proper name. In the modern 
newspaper plant in which the paper is now housed, there is a great 
stride from the original equipment of the Washington hand press, with 
a capacity of 125 papers an hour. Today the equipment could issue 
48,000 papers, such as the Commonwealth, in an hour. For many 
years the Post was located at the corner of Fifth avenue and Wood 
street, now the site of the First-Second National Bank. In 1892 the 
Post was located in Fifth avenue between Smithfield and Wood streets, 
and here the first Sunday edition of the Post was issued, September 11, 
of that year. In May, 1896, the Post established a perfect special 
cable and wire service, and they claim it was the first newspaper in 
Pittsburgh to establish such a service. 

On February 14, 1897, the plant of the Post was so badly damaged 
by fire that the paper was issued for three mouths from the establish- 
ment of a contemporary. The paper has ever been noted throughout 
the country for its enterprise and skill in getting the news. This was 
especially shown during the Spanish- American war. It has maintained 
its reputation of getting the news first, chartering special trains to get 
its reporters and telegraphers at the scene of big news happenings, or 
to distribute its papers. The Post moved into its present home at Liberty 
avenue and Wood street, February 20, 1904. The present management 
of the paper is known as the "Post Publishing Company." 

Enterprise and accuracy have ever been the watchwords of the 
Post. Its bound volumes in the Pittsburgh Carnegie Library, for the 
seventy-four years under its present name, are among the chief his- 
torical records of Allegheny County. In its editorial policy, while it 
has always sought to promote the interests of its party, it has never 
allowed partisan considerations to keep it from aiding any project 
for the good of the community, no matter what the political faith of 
those back of it. It aims to be of service to all the people in its field, 
giving them the news of both sides of a question, so that when they 
may dissent from the Post's judgment on a subject, they have all the 
facts before them for shaping their own opinion. One of the most 
rigid demands in its production is that it be kept a clean newspaper. 

The Pittsburgh Sun. — An afternoon paper printed on the same 
presses, and issued from the same building, as the Pittsburgh Post. 
The management of this paper is the "Sun Publishing Co." This 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 173 

paper was first issued March 1, 1906, and has been a pronounced 
success as a clean, well edited, and well arranged paper; its editorial 
policies are in keeping with those of "The Post." T. H. Given is 
president of both companies. 

The Pittsburgh Dispatch.— The Pittsburgh Dispatch is the 
third oldest paper in Pittsburgh and has been a daily from its beginning, 
February 8, 1846, and prosperous and profitable from the start. It 
was founded by J. Herron Foster, a member of a distinguished family 
of Western Pennsylvania, radical and aggressive in his opposition to 
human slavery and determined to use every proper weapon to effect the 
removal of the curse and stigma from the people of America. The City 
of Pittsburgh, April 10, 1845, had been devastated by a great fire and 
all forms of business were still suffering by reason of that calamity, 
when Mr. Foster began the publication of The Dispatch. It was a 
small sheet but was well received because teeming with good cheer, 
good hope and lofty purposes. The Dispatch was printed in various 
buildings until 1853, when the building on Fifth avenue now occupied 
as Newell's Hotel was completed for the purposes of the paper. This 
building was occupied until 1891. In February, 1865, Daniel O'Neill 
and Alexander W. Rook were admitted to an interest and the paper 
conducted under the firm name of J. Herron Foster & Co. 

Mr. O'Neill had taken on the editorial management of the paper 
and Mr. Rook, a printer by trade, and master of every phase of the 
mechanical department, attended to the business management. Mr. 
O'Neill died in 1877 and was succeeded in the firm by his brother, 
Eugene M. O'Neill. The Fifth avenue building was known as the 
Dispatch Iron Front Building and was a pretentious structure for its 
time. It extended through to what is now Oliver avenue and adjoined 
the Post Office which was then on the site of the Park Building at 
Fifth avenue and Smithfield street. In 1877, a fire destroyed 
practically the entire interior of the building, but its effect was the 
appearance of a new equipment with the most modern of presses and 
stereotyping machinery, the presses being the first in Pittsburgh 
to cut, paste and fold a complete paper. 

After the death of Mr. Rook, The Dispatch Publishing Company 
was formed and under that business designation the paper has since 
been published, Mr. O'Neill retiring from active management in 1902, 
but retaining the office of Vice-President and Charles A. Rook, eldest 
son of Alexander W., being chosen president-editor, which office he 
holds at this time. 

The growth of the paper has resulted in several changes of 
location. In 1890, a large building was erected on Diamond street 
above Smithfield containing six stories and containing all that was 
modern in newspaper housing and newspaper equipment. These 
quarters in a few years becoming too small, a new location was pur- 
chased at the corner of Smithfield and Diamond streets with a long 
ell extending to the alley paralleling Diamond street. Although this 
was a more satisfactory building it soon became inadequate, hence 



174 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

the present property at No. 1333-35 Fifth avenue near Stevenson 
street was secured in 1906, and the present publishing house erected on 
it and now is one of the most perfect newspaper plants in the country. 
New presses of the most perfect invention were installed with a capacity 
of 100,000 copies per hour, printing in four colors and the composing 
rooms thoroughly equipped with type setting and all other machinery 
that could be desired in a newspaper office. In 1914, a new business 
office was erected at the corner of Smithfield street and Oliver avenue. 

Under years of the management of Charles A. Rook, President of 
the Dispatch Publishing Co. and Editor-in-Chief, the paper has never 
swerved from the independent policy which has been its mission from 
the beginning. It still follows the ideals initiated by Mr. Foster and 
developed more fully by Messrs. O'Neill and Rook. The Sunday 
Dispatch was first issued in 1883, was the first Sunday issue of any 
Pittsburgh morning paper and now a vast reading public knows of its 
world of information and forcible presentment of great affairs. The 
Fifth avenue car lines pass the Dispatch Publishing House on Routes 
Nos. 63, 66, 68, 72, 75, 76, 79, 80 and 81 to Stevenson street. It is but 
a short walk out Fifth avenue from the Court House. 

The Pittsburgh Leader. — This was founded as a Sunday paper 
under the name of the "Sunday Leader" by John W. Pittock, in 
December, 1864. This man's rise and career furnished one of the 
romances of journalism in Pittsburgh. He began as a newsboy, and 
founded and made "The Leader" an important journal. He gathered 
about him the newsboys whom he knew, and well understood, and 
furnished them an annual dinner on New Year's Day, until his death 
in 1880. October 11, 1870, a daily was issued under the name of the 
"Evening Leader," which has since continuously appeared. Mr. 
Pittock associated with him Col. John I. Nevin, Robert P. and Edward 
H. Nevin. In 1882 a corporation was formed, under the title of the 
"Leader Publishing Company," of which Col. John I. Nevin was the 
president until his death in 1884. He was succeeded in the control of 
the paper by Theodore W. and Jos. T. Nevin, which management con- 
tinued untiljuly, 1905, when the Leader Publishing Company purchased 
the paper and its equipment, and has since conducted the paper under that 
style. This paper is published at 431 Fifth avenue; the mechanical 
department in the rear at Oliver avenue and Cherry way. A. P. Moore 
is president of the Company. 

Society Papers. — Two society papers are published in Pittsburgh, 
both appearing on Saturday morning; these are "Pittsburgh Bulletin" 
and the " Pittsburgh Index; " the publication offices of the Bulletin are in 
the U. P. Publication building on Anderson (Ninth) street, and the "Pitts- 
burgh Index" maintains its offices in the Farmers Bank Building. 

German. — Pittsburgh has one daily German newspaper under 
the title of "Volksblatt & Freiheits-Freund, " whose publishing offices 
are at 516 Grant street. The proprietors are the Neeb-Hirsch Publish- 
ing Co. The editorial and mechanical departments are on the seventh 
floor of the Gazette-Times building. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



X75 




PRESS BUILDING, OLIVER AVENUE 

avenue below Wood street was completed. 



Pittsburgh Press. — 

This paper was founded 
inl884, by Col. Thomas 
M. Bayne, a man long 
prominent in the pub- 
lic life of Western 
Pennsylvania and for 
several terms a Repre- 
sentative in Congress 
from the North Side 
district. The present 
management of the 
paper under which the 
most remarkable 
strides and popularity 
have been made, came 
into control in 1901, 
when the paper was 
purchased from Col. 
Bayne's successors by 
Oliver S. Hershman, 
who had previously 
been publisher of The 
Pittsburgh Chronicle 
Telegraph. The Press 
was located on Fifth 
avenue near Wood 
street until the spring 
of 1911, when the new 
building at 222 Oliver 
Here it possesses one 



of the largest and most up-to-date newspaper plants in America. 
It is pre-eminent in its field and the rise and success are due 
to two causes; first, that it was the pioneer one-cent daily in Pittsburgh; 
second, the enterprise of its editorial and business management, and its 
consistent devotion of the popular welfare in all questions and issues 
of public policy, municipal, state and national. The Press still main- 
tains a business office at 254 Fifth avenue, below Wood street. 

It will be impossible to go into a detailed description of the 
various phases of journalism in Pittsburgh; the matter above being 
considered sufficient for the information of transient visitors. 



CHAPTER XIII 

Public Parks 



Schenley Park. — There are maintained by the City of Pittsburgh, 
within the City limits, and open to the public, 18 parks of varying sizes, 
comprising in the aggregate, 1329 acres, with 21 miles of improved 
roadways; 32 miles of walks; 7 miles of bridle paths and trails. There 
are four principal ones, all four well worth seeing. These are, Schenley 
Park, in the Oakland district; Highland Park, which is at the head of 
Highland avenue, East Liberty; the Allegheny Parks in the Flat, on 
the North Side; and Riverview Park on the North Side hills. The 
other parks are scattered throughout the City, and, with the exception 
of McKinley Park, of 63 acres, in the South Hills, they are small and 
command mainly local patronage. Mention of these will be found 
under a separate head herein. Schenley Park is Pittsburgh's first 
and greatest park; it contains 422 acres of natural land which has 
been improved by drives, bridges, walks, landscape gardening, and 
the planting of thousands of trees and bushes. Among the attractions 
are a half-mile race track, with a grandstand which seats 3000 and 
stables for 30 horses; golf links, with shelter houses containing 104 
lockers, tennis courts, and a large merry-go-round — all of which are 
public property. The Phipps Conservatory and Hall of Botany, the 
gift of Henry Phipps, is in Schenley Park. There are also two propa- 
gating houses and a nursery of eight acres. There is also a Phipps 
Conservatory in the West Park. Panther Hollow is a deep and ro- 
mantic gorge crossed by an imposing high bridge, under which is a 
small lake called Panther Lake. There are several monuments and 
memorial tablets within the park — among them a monument to Edward 
M. Bigelow, formerly Director of the Department of Public Works of 
Pittsburgh, who, with Robert B. Carnahan, Esq., were instrumental 
in obtaining the grant of the park land from Mrs. Mary E. Schenley, 
who was a granddaughter of General James O'Hara, of Revolutionary 
fame. General O'Hara settled in Pittsburgh after that war, and was 
a pioneer in the up-building of the City. Mrs. Schenley (nee Croghan) , 
whose parents were residents of Pittsburgh, and where she passed her 
girlhood, was married to Captain Edward W. H. Schenley, of the 
British army, in 1843, and with the exception of a few years in Pitts- 
burgh, passed the rest of her life in the neighborhood of London, inherit- 
ing from her mother, a daughter of General O'Hara, large holdings of 
land in Pittsburgh, among them this park land, which she left to the 
City of Pittsburgh in 1890, stipulating that the park be called " Schenley 

176 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 177 

Park " Originally, the park contained 382 acres; the additional 
ground was subsequently bought by the City from Mrs. Schenley-. 
General O'Hara, it may be also mentioned, served as Quarter-Master 
General under General Anthony Wayne in his successful expedition 
against the Western Indians in 1792, which expedition started from 
Pittsburgh. At the Forbes street entrance to this park is the magnifi- 
cent Carnegie Institute and Library, which will be described at length 
in its proper place in this work. (See Chapter VI.) The Carnegie 
Institute of Technology adjoins the park, of which detailed mention 
will also be made. Other monuments are to be found in the park, 
of which the Robert Burns memorial, erected in 1914 by his countrymen 
of Pittsburgh— or formerly of Pittsburgh, among them Andrew 
Carnegie, Robert Pitcairn, Alexander Dempster, and others; and the 
tablet and memorial to Colonel Alexander L. Hawkins, commanding 
the Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Spanish-American War, are 
worthy of mention. The Christopher L. Magee memorial fountain 
opposite the entrance to the Library is another interesting commemo- 
ration. There are boats to be had in Panther Lake, which also affords 
excellent skating in winter. Upon the return of the Tenth Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers from the Philippines in August, 1898, a reception 
for them was held in Schenley Park, the occasion being a gala day, at 
which President McKinley spoke from the grandstand. He was 
much surprised at the wonderful, natural beauties of the park, and said 
it was the most romantic public park that he had ever seen. Ine 
serpentine driveway is an unusually attractive piece of road making, 
and the gorge of Panther Hollow most striking and picturesque. 
Schenley Park is reached from the business section by any Forbes 
street or Fifth avenue cars in about 20 minutes. It is also reached 
from the lower side from Greenfield avenue cars from downtown, on 
Fourth avenue, and transfers to therefrom the Second avenue line 
going west, also by .the Murdoch street entrance on Forbes street from 
the east. 

The Spanish gun from the captured battleship, Viscaya, at 
Santiago, Cuba, presented to the City by Mr. Charles M Schwab, 
and mounted in the Park, will attract attention as a reminder of the 
stirring days of 1898. 

Fifth avenue and Forbes street Routes are numbered 63, 64, 65, 
66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80, 91, 92. Greenfield avenue line 
is Route 58. 

Highland Park.— This beautifully improved park is at the 
extreme north eastern limit of the City at the head of Highland avenue, 
and contains 366 acres; in it are located three large reservoirs which 
furnish the greater portion of the City's water supply. The Zoological 
Gardens located in this park were given to the City by _ Christopher 
L. Magee and are known by his name. Carnegie Lake is a pleasant 
boating spot in summer, and very popular for skating m winter. 1 nere 
are miles of wooded roads, paths and beautiful^dnves in Highland 



178 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Park, and the view from the summit overlooking the Allegheny River 
and valley is effectively grand: there is in the park a large merry-go- 
round, three shelter houses, all of which are free to the public. There 
is also a band stand. The principal entrances to this park from 




ZOOLOGICAL GAKDEN, HIGHLAND PARK. 

Highland and Stanton avenue are graced by handsome sculptures. 
Close to the Highland avenue entrance is the striking and beautiful 
statue to Stephen C. Foster. The large flower beds near the entrance 
are wonderful examples of floriculture. This is probably the most 
popular and most patronized of all the City parks, but it is fifty minutes 
ride from downtown, reached by cars on Route 73, carrying the sign 
"Highland Park, and 71, carrying the sign "Center & Negley, " which 
make the loop downtown via Sixth avenue, Wood street and Fourth 
avenue; there are also transfers at North Highland and Penn, and 
Negley and Penn, from cars on Penn avenue and other points each 
way. 

Allegheny Parks. — The Allegheny Parks on the Flat were 
originally known as "The Commons," and were a grant from the 
State; these Commons were locally known by the points of the compass ; 
the larger — East and West Commons, now bear the same designations 
applied to the parks, which are only parts of the original Commons. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 179 

Mention of the story of these Commons will come under separate 
head in the touring of the North Side. The tracks of the Pennsylvania 
Lines West pass through the West Park and are crossed by many 
bridges. The West Park is the largest of the North Side parks, and 
extends from Sherman avenue to Irwin avenue, between Stockton 
and Ridge avenues on the south, and North avenue on the north. 
East Park extends from Union avenue to Cedar avenue, between 
Stockton and North avenues. The North and South Parks are narrow 
strips connecting these two. In all, there are 100 acres of level land 
in the parks on the Flat, with beautiful flower beds, fountains and 
trees, shady walks, which make the parks inviting; there are sufficient 
benches provided for comfort which are scattered over the entire 
extent of the parks. Located in the heart of the North Side business 
section, convenient of access from the downtown hotels and business 
section, either by a number of car routes or by walking, in favorable 
weather the North Side Parks are thronged with people. In the West 
Park is located the conservatory presented by Henry Phipps to the 
then City of Allegheny; close by is Lake Elizabeth with its shelter 
houses and children's bathing beach, a large band stand, tennis courts 
and other attractions. Among the monuments in West Park are the 
Humboldt Monument; equestrian statue, in granite, of George Washing- 
ton, erected in 1891 by the Junior Order United American Mechanics 
of Western Pennsylvania, and one erected by the labor unions to 
Thomas A. Armstrong, founder and editor of the "Labor Tribune" 
of Pittsburgh. In the East Park is the monument to Hampton's 
Battery, or Battery F, Independent Pennsylvania Light Artillery in 
the Civil War, which stands near Cedar avenue as a memorial to that 
organization's services, a duplicate of which is at Gettysburg on the 
position occupied on the third day of that battle. This battery was 
recruited in Pittsburgh in September and October, 1861. Fifteen 
minutes walk from the business section of the Old City, or a ten-minute 
ride on a North Side car will take visitors to these parks. 

Riverview Park. — This is the largest of the North Side parks 
with 240 acres of natural park land improved by landscape gardening 
and otherwise. It, too, has many beautiful drives, shady paths and 
scenic attractions, and the view from the summit, overlooking the Ohio 
River and Valley is only second to that of Highland Park. The 
Allegheny Observatory is located in this park — a beautiful, white 
marble building which from its high elevation can be seen for miles. This 
is a noted institution, established in 1860 and is renowned for the 
researches and services of Drs. Samuel T. Langley, James E. Keeler, 
John A. Brashear and the present director. The Observatory is now 
conducted as one of the departments of the University of Pittsburgh, 
formerly the Western University of ^Pennsylvania, and is under the 
directorship of Dr. Frank Schlesinger. At Riverview Park there is a 
small _ Zoological Garden, merry-go-round and shelter houses. This 
park is certainly worth visiting, and is reached from the City, or lower 
North vSide, by Federal street and Perrysville avenue, Car'Route No. 8; 



180 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

in summer time special cars are run bearing the sign "Riverview Park. " 
The trip from the business district takes about thirty minutes. The 
scenery from Perrysville avenue, would alone prove an incentive. 

McKinley Park. — McKinley Park is a beautiful tract of 63 
acres of natural land, which has been improved by roadways, bridges 
and walks; it is the pleasure park of the South Side, and is at the 
western end of the Eighteenth Ward of the City in the district called 
Beltzhoover. This park has a band stand and shelter houses; base 
ball grounds, and other attractions for visitors, and is reached most 
directly by Route No. 49, which can be boarded at Third avenue 
and Smithneld street, and at Third avenue and Wood street; it is also 
reached by the interurban cars to Washington and Charleroi, the 
Castle Shannon line, Route 38, which cars can be taken at any point 
on Wood street. The park is about 25 minutes ride from the business 
section. 

SMALLER PUBLIC PARKS. 

Most of these are worth a visit, especially those on the hilltops, by 
reason of the magnificent outlooks afforded. Arsenal Park has a historic 
commemoration. Herron Hill, Central, Grandview and Monument Hill 
Parks are high grounds from which extensive and delightful views can be 
obtained. In addition to those mentioned there are Bluff, Friendship, 
Holliday, Lawrence, Olympia and West End Parks. 

Arsenal: — Arsenal Park occupies the block bounded by Butler and 
Thirty-ninth streets, Perm avenue and Fortieth street. It is the southern 
portion of the United States Arsenal property for over a century known 
as the Allegheny Arsenal. This block was traded to the City in exchange 
for the Forbes street property adjoining the Carnegie Institute of Tech- 
nology, where an experimental station of the Bureau of Mines is to be per- 
manently located, but now maintained in Arsenal Park. The park is 
fitted up as a children's playground. It has shelter houses and a band 
stand. It is of historic interest as having been the scene of a terrible powder 
explosion, September 17, 1862, in which 75 young women and girls were 
killed and 50 injured of 150 employed in cartridge making in the main 
building. A tablet commemorative of this event was unveiled in the 
park, September 25, 1913. A monument to the victims stands in the 
Allegheny Cemetery. Arsenal Park contains 19.9 acres. It is reached 
by Butler street cars, Routes 93, 94, 95 and Perm avenue cars, Routes 
88, 91 and 92. (See also "Recreation Parks and Playgrounds.") 

Bluff: — The Bluff Street Park is a mere strip of walks, shrubbery and 
gardening extending from Hooper street to Gist street. Bluff street 
overlooks the Monongahela river and is at the top of the precipitous 
heights above Second avenue, known as the Bluff. It can be reached by a 
short walk from any of the Fifth avenue and Forbes street cars, alighting 
at any street between Hooper and Gist streets. The outer streets, 
Gist, Miltenberger and Van Braam are preferable on account of being 
level streets. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 181 

Central Park is at Bedford avenue and Ledlie street, and contains 
five acres. It is the site of the City reservoir once known as the upper 
Bedford avenue basin. Adjoining Central Park is the magnificent new 
school building known as the William H. McKelvy School. This park is 
reached by transfers from Penn and Liberty avenue cars going west to the 
Penn Incline at Seventeenth street, and by car Routes 84 and 85 from 
the downtown business section. A fine view of the Old City and North Side 
is afforded from this park. 

Friendship Park is a breathing spot in the widened portion of Friend- 
ship avenue extending from Edmond street to Gross street. It is hand- 
somely laid out and the floral effects are fine. Reached by Liberty avenue 
cars to Edmond, Mathilda or Gross streets, Routes 72, 86 and 92. 

Grandview Park is on Mount Washington with its main entrance on 
Bailey avenue at the head of Beltzhoover avenue. It contains a music 
pavillion, a shelter house and a merry-go-round. Adjoining the park are 
three huge tanks for storage of water for use on the South Hills terri- 
tory contiguous. This park contains 18 acres, The view from it is excep- 
tionally good. Summer concerts are given in this park. It may be reached 
most readily from down town by Carson street cars, Routes 50 and 
51, transferring to the Castle Shannon Incline. Cars on Routes 44, 45, 
46, 47, 48 and 49 to Warrington and Beltzhoover avenues; cars on 
Mount Washington, Route 33 via the West End will land passengers 
on Bailey avenue at the upper station of the Castle Shannon Incline and 
close to the park. From the roof at the top of the Castle Shannon 
Incline on which a platform is erected for the purpose, an unexcelled 
view of the City and river may be had. 

Holliday Park is on Duquesne Heights and occupies the block 
included between Meridian, Pawnee, Oneida and Piermont streets. It 
contains 3.5 acres. In it there is a shelter house and also a wading 
pond, which is its only special feature. This park is used as a picnic 
ground. It is reached by Mount Washington cars on Route 40 to 
Oneida street and by transfers from all West End lines from Liberty 
avenue and Stanwix street to the Duquesne Incline. Cars on Routes 
Nos. 23 to 35 inclusive, are available to reach the incline. 

Herron Hill Park is on the summit of the highest hill in the City, 
1260 feet above tidewater and 583 feet above the low water level at the 
Point. This park contains 13 acres. It has within its bounds the 
Herron Hill Reservoir, the basin supplying all the hill district known as 
Minersville. There is also a high steel flagstaff. The view from 
Herron Hill is the most magnificent in Pittsburgh and the most widely 
extended. The rivers and the South Hills; the North Side; the Law- 
renceville and Bloomfield districts; the entire East Liberty Valley; the 
Schenley Farms Tract; Schenley Park and the Squirrel Hill district are 
in plain view. On clear days the Chestnut Ridge, 36 miles east can be 
distinctly made out. Herron Hill contains a music pavillion and ball 
grounds. The reservoir occupies the site of Fort Herron, one of Pitts- 
burgh's defenses during the Civil War, 1861-65. The park is reached 



182 Pittsburgh, How' To See It 

by cars on Routes Nos. 83, 84 and 85 to Herron avenue car barns, or 
by Center avenue cars on Routes Nos. 82 to Aliquippa street, but this 
Route is longer and takes one to the eastern slope. 

Lawrence Park in the upper Lawrenceville district lies along the 
upper side of Butler street from Forty-sixth to Forty-eighth streets, 
and adjoins the Allegheny Cemetery. This park contains about five 
acres. It is a pretty and well kept little park on level ground. It is 
reached by all Butler street cars, Routes Nos. 93, 94, 95 and 96. (See 
" Recreation Parks and Playgrounds.") 

Monument Hill Park is really part of the West Park and was 
formerly included in the "Commons" as laid out by the State of 
Pennsylvania in the original plan of Allegheny City. A row of fine 
residences along Ridge avenue and the buildings of the Western 
Theological Seminary separate the Hill from the West Park. In the 
Hill Park there are 17 acres. There is a lofty flag pole of steel on the 
brow of the hill and an imposing monument of Massillon stone erected 
in 1870 and dedicated to the memory of the soldiers and sailors of 
Allegheny County who fell in the Civil War, 1861-65, at the cost of 
$35,000; $30,000 of which was paid out of the unused funds raised at 
the great Sanitary Fair held in Pittsburgh in June, 1864. Five thousand 
dollars was paid by the City of Allegheny. The view from the Monu- 
ment Hill is extremely attractive. The most available route and the 
one recommended is via Western avenue cars to Irwin avenue, Routes 
Nos. 18 and 19. 

Olympia Park is bounded by Olympia street, Virginia avenue 
and Hallock street, stretching into the valley below. It has an area 
of 9.18 acres and contains a shelter house, two tennis courts and ball 
grounds on which ice skating is provided in season. The park is much 
used for picnics and celebrations. Most readily reached by Mount 
Washington cars on Route 40 to Olympia street and Grandview 
avenue. 

West End Park is bounded by Warden and McCartney streets, 
the Noblestown road and Herschel street. Its area is 17.5 acres. 
It contains a shelter house, a music pavillion with concert grounds and 
a tennis court. It is reached by West End cars on Routes Nos. 27, 
28, 29, 30 and 33, from Penn avenue and Stanwix street and Liberty 
avenue and Stanwix street. 

A tract of twelve acres on Mount Washington, known as Wil- 
bert's Grove, was bought by the City for a park in 1908, but it has not 
been improved. It lies on the hillside between Dilworth street and 
Saw Mill Run, and is sometimes enumerated in lists of Pittsburgh's 
parks. It is not worth visiting. 

Pittsburgh's parks are "Free to the People." They are main- 
tained by the people. There are no "Keep off the grass" signs and 
that rule is not in force in Pittsburgh as far as parks are concerned. 
The public is allowed the full use of them, and children can romp at 
will over the well kept swards. The larger parks,_ Schenley, Highland, 
Riverview and McKinley are much used for picnicing purposes, where 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 183 

appropriate kitchens are attached to shelter houses and where tables 
and benches are provided for serving luncheons. Some of the smaller 
parks are also the scenes of celebration, such as the Fourth of July, 
and of the larger parks, Schenley especially, is noted for the outpouring 
of the populace on that day, a fete day, on which an all-day program 
of exercises is provided, speeches, music, parades, sports and races with 
an elaborate display of fireworks in the evening. There are cele- 
brations in some of the other parks also on this day with the fireworks 
wind-up, notably on Monument Hill. Programs for these celebrations 
vary but due notice is always given in the press of the City. Free 
concerts are given in all the parks at stated intervals, scheduled to have 
several ' concerts occur on one evening but in parks widely distant. 
The schedule varying to shift the concerts alternately from one locality 
to another nearby. Thus a concert given in McKinley Park one week 
would be given in Grandview Park on the next scheduled evening. Like- 
wise the bands are changed. These concerts are well attended and 
appreciated. In many of the parks merry-go-rounds have been 
erected and these too are free, and they are not exclusively for children. 
In a few parks are tennis courts. Pittsburgh people are reasonably 
proud of their parks as worth while for the use of the public and not to 
look at or merely walk through. Schenley Park after a Fourth of July 
celebration is a sight worth seeing in attestation of the fact that the 
Pittsburgh public uses and enjoys its parks. Scattered over the broad 
acres and well-kept green are thousands of abandoned lunch boxes and 
baskets, with paper everywhere, with orange peels, banana skins and 
usual debris of a celebration in ample view, and the sward showing the 
trampling of the multitudes that have swarmed over it. Then the well- 
trained park employees get to work and in a few days there is no visi- 
ble evidence that a hundred thousand people — often more, have 
frolicked there. Real parks and real enjoyment of them are character- 
istic of Pittsburgh. The borough of Carrick on the South Hills, reached 
by trolley Routes Nos. 46 and 53, has recently purchased the property 
once operated by the Pittsburgh Railways Company, as an amuse- 
ment grounds and known as Southern Park. This park has been 
greatly improved and enlarged and is an additional recreation spot. 
It can be reached by vehicles via South Eighteenth street, Southern 
avenue and the Brownsville road to Park lane. 

PLAYGROUNDS AND RECREATION PARKS. 

Prior to 1912 the city properties used for playground purposes 
were only three in number. In addition one property owned by the 
Board of Education and one property leased from the United States 
Government were operated as all year recreation centers. In 1910, 
by a peoples' bond issue $800,000 was voted for the purchase of additional 
playground property and equipment. This amount was expended 
during the year 1913 and purchased twelve centers in the Old City. 
Many individuals, organizations, Boards of Trade and civic bodies 



184 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

worked earnestly to have these new properties purchased in localities 
most in need of such centers. The Playground Association, then in 
existence, was asked to submit a general playground and recreation 
scheme for the City and also to make specific recommendations for the 
sites and equipment to be purchased with the proceeds of the bond 
issue. The association worked with the City Planning Commission in 
suggesting locations and their advice was closely followed by the City 
Council through which body the final selection of grounds and the 
actual purchase was made. Following is a list of the properties owned 
or controlled by the City of Pittsburgh and used for playground pur- 
poses. All but the first three were purchased from the bond issue. 
When the City took over the playgrounds the Association dissolved 
after an existence of nineteen years. 

Lawrence Park, five and three-quarter acres at Forty-sixth and 
Butler streets. As a recreation park it is operated all year; equipment 
consists of two field houses of brick and concrete containing gym- 
nasiums, children's playrooms, library, game and club rooms, shower 
and locker rooms, etc.; a swimming pool 60 feet by 110 feet, a children's 
playground with wading pool, sand bins, etc., an athletic field, an out- 
door gymnasium and a girls' playground. Reached by Butler street 
cars on Routes 93, 94, 95 and 96. 

Ormsby Park, at South Twenty-second and Sidney streets, 
South Side, two and three-quarter acres in extent, is an all-year 
recreation park. ^Equipment, two small field houses, containing 
children's playroom, game and club rooms, showers, etc., an athletic 
field, outdoor gymnasium, outdoor basketball courts, children's play- 
ground, girls' playground, tennis court and swimming pool 50 feet by 
100 feet. A nearby church building is rented for gymnasium purposes. 
Reached by Carson street cars on Routes 50, 51 and 52 to Twenty- 
second street and by transfer at Forbes and Brady streets from Forbes 
street and Second avenue lines. on Route 54. 

South Side Park, one and three-quarter acres, at South Ninth 
and Carson streets, is owned by the Board of Education of Pittsburgh 
but operated as a playground by the Bureau of Recreation of the city. 
Equipment, small field bouse with gymnasium, game room, athletic 
field and outdoor gymnasium and an all-year center. The space 
occupied by this park has been greatly curtailed by the erection of 
temporary one-story structures to provide for the excess of pupils at 
present attending the South High School adjoining. Reached by 
Carson street cars on Routes 50, 51, 52 and 53. 

Washington Park, in the Hill district, at Bedford avenue and 
Logan street, occupies the site of two abandoned reservoirs. A recre- 
ation park, three one-half acres in extent, operated twelve months in 
the year. Equipment, a large field house, containing gymnasium and 
auditorium, library, game and club rooms, children's playroom, 
showers and tub baths, locker rooms, etc.; a second field house con- 
taining supplementary gymnasium ; an athletic field, with bleachers to 
seat 5,000 people, an outdoor gymnasium, a playground for girls and 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 185 

for small children. It is reached by Wylie and Center avenue cars on 
Routes 82, 83, 84 and 85 . to Logan street. This park is readily 
seen on the hillside above the Pennsylvania Station, immediately 
below the Central High School. 

Arlington Park, on South Side, at Arlington and Sterling streets, 
three and one-fourth acres, the site of Fort Ormsby in 1863, Tempo- 
rary equipment, athletic field, swings, sandbox, shelter house, etc., makes 
of it a summer center. The cost of the property was $31,360.00, it is 
reached by cars on Route 48 and by the St. Clair Incline at the 
head of South Twenty-second street to Sterling street. 

Arsenal Park, at Thirty-ninth street and Penn avenue, thirteen 
acres. Equipment, a field house with gymnasium, game and club 
room, and children's playroom; baseball ground, children's and girls' 
playground. The field house is on adjoining property owned by the 
United States Government. Operated all year. The cost of the 
property was $218,774.50 (See also under Public Parks, page 187.) 

Burgwin Park, in Hazelwood, contains five acres of fine old oaks. 
Only enough of these have been taken out to allow of a ball field. 
Swings, etc., are hung from the trees themselves. Operated in summer 
only. The cost of the property was $23,750.00. Reached by 
Second avenue Routes 55, 56 and 57 to Hazelwood avenue. 

Cuthbertson Playground, about one acre in extent, on Green- 
bush avenue, on Mount Washington, adjoining the Cargo Public 
School, has a small ball field, a playground for girls and small children 
and a shelter house. Operated in summer only. The cost of the 
property was $8,000. No car line passes close to this playground but 
it may be reached by a few minutes walk from Southern avenue and 
Cowan street on Routes 40 and 41, and from Route 33 at Boggs avenue 
and Wyoming street. 

Garfield Park, four acres on Breedshill street, adjoining the 
Fort Pitt School; school building contains gymnasium, showers, etc. 
Playground contains athletic field, playground for small children and 
girls' playground. Operated in summer only. The cost of the property 
was $11,326.00. Reached by Penn avenue cars out from town, on 
Routes 88, 91 and 92, and into town on Route 88. 

Lewis Playground, in Hazelwood, two and one-half acres, 
bought in 1913. This has been used in summer for several years. 
Equipment consists of large dwelling house, in use as a field house, 
baseball field, and children's playground. An all-year center. The 
cost of the property was $29,020.00. Reached by Second avenue cars 
on Routes 55, 56 and 57. 

Ream Playground, at Virginia and Woodville avenues, Mount 
Washington, two and one-quarter acres in extent. Equipment, small 
ball field, children's playground and girls' playground. An old residence 
on the ground is used as shelter house. Some fine trees give plenty of 
shade. Operated in summer only. The cost of the property was 



186 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

$17,500.00. Reached by Route 33 via West End to Woodville and 
Merrimac streets and route 40 to Grandview avenue and Merrimac 
street. 

Sheraden Park, comprises twenty- three acres in extent, and was 
bought late in 1913. A beautiful park, with great recreational possi- 
bilities. The cost of the property was $14,500.00. Reached by 
Sheraden cars on Routes 31 and 32. 

Soho Park, at Kirkpatrick and Moultrie streets, four and one- 
half acres. Present equipment; playground for small children and 
athletic field. Will eventually be equipped as all-year center. The 
cost of the property was $80,750.00. Reached by Fifth avenue car 
lines on Routes 75, 76, 79, 80 and 81 to Moultrie street. 

Wabash Playground, on Wabash avenue, four and one-half 
acres. Present equipment; athletic field and children's playground. 
Will eventually be equipped as all-year center. The cost of the property 
was $108,280.00. Reached by West End cars on Routes 27, 28, 29, 30 
and 33. 

Warrington Park, at Warrington and Estella streets, Beltz- 
hoover, South Side, 2.24 acres. Equipment; field house and custodian's 
house, athletic field and playground for girls and small children. An 
all-year center. The cost of the property was $65,200.00. Reached 
by cars on Routes 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 to Estella street. 

West Penn Park, sixteen and one-half acres, formerly the old 
West Penn Hospital and grounds. Present equipment; a field house, 
containing two gymnasiums, club room, playroom for small children, 
showers and toilets; custodian's residence; athletic girls and children's 
playground. An all-year center. The cost of the property was 
$90,000.00. Reached by East Liberty Express cars to Twenty-eighth 
street, Route 86, and Penn avenue Routes noted to Twenty-eighth 
street. 

There is also the Phipps Playgrounds on Reedsdale street, near 
Scotland street, North Side, one of the philanthropies of Henry Phipps. 
This is in the immediate neighborhood of his boyhood home, where he 
and Andrew Carnegie were children together. 

In addition many of the yards and grounds about the public 
schools are utilized in summer for small children. 

The various playgrounds are largely patronized in the evenings 
by adults until 9 o'clock. As many as 3,000 people have used a single 
playground in one evening. Twilight baseball^ hockey, volley ball, 
quoits, and similar games filled the evenings with enjoyment, whole 
families participating. The musical attractions of these parks are 
mentioned under the article on Smaller Public Parks. 



CHAPTER XIV 

Special Objects of Interest 

The Bouquet Block House, Conservatory, The Heinz Industries, 
Allegheny Observatory, Sightseeing Trips 

Block House. — The historic relic — all that is left of Pittsburgh's 
Colonial days — stands alone on the northside of Penn avenue, near 
Water street, in the district of the City always referred to as the 
"Point." The Block House erected by Colonel Henry Bouquet, of 
the British Army, in 1764, is in good order now and is open to visitors. 
Souvenirs, views and post cards, and also a brief history of Pittsburgh, 
can be purchased. The Block House is owned and maintained by 
the Pittsburgh Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. The 
quaint little brick, pentagonal in form, with loop holes for rifles, and 
its solid brick walls, aside from its history, will appeal as a rare type 
and a relic. There are several bronze tablets in the yard. As the 
streets in the vicinity have been recently raised, to get above flood 
heights in the rivers, this historic pile appears to be down in a hole. 
All West End cars, Routes 23 to 35, inclusive, pass the Block House, 
and it is but a short walk from Penn avenue and Federal street (Sixth). 

Conservatories. — Those who love flowers will be entranced 
with the beauty and gorgeousness of the floral displays in the Phipps 
Conservatories in Schenley and West Parks. These conserva- 
tories are gifts of Henry Phipps to the City. The one in Schenley 
Park is the second largest conservatory in the world and is well 
filled with rare and beautiful specimens of plant life from all parts 
of the world. This is true also of the Phipps conservatory in the 
West Park. In the late fall the annual exhibits of chrysanthemums 
and orchids in both conservatories attract thousands of visitors 
who are enchanted with the riot of colors presented. 'The glass 
rooms are banked with flowers arranged with colors separate and so 
blended as to fully harmonize. Enormous blooms eight to ten 
inches in diameter characterize these floral offerings. The full 
exposition lasts three weeks, and is known locally as the "Mum 
Show." More than 5000 chrysanthemums have been shown as 
specimen blooms. Private conservatories are also thrown open 
to the public at times, notably those of Mr. H. J. Heinz at his residence, 
Penn avenue, Homewood. The Frick conservatory is not now open to 
the public. 

187 



188 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 




Pittsburgh, How To See It 189 

More than 3000 persons have visited the conservatories of 
H. J. Heinz in a week. The chrysanthemum show attracts the 
attention of the visitors more than any other exhibit. It has con- 
sisted of 2000 blooms, including 100 varieties. English hothouse 
grapes also attract great attention. The conservatories and the 
private museum of Mr. Heinz, which contains thousands of historic 
relics and rare curios are usually open to the public the first days 
in November. 

In the spring the Easter display in the public and private 
conservatories is as great an event as tHe fall exhibits. Crowds 
flock to see the displays and winding lines of humanity pass in and 
out the buildings and double lines of visitors extend down the walks 
and boulevards in Schenley Park awaiting entrance. Directions to 
reach the_ conservatories^ will be found under "Parks"; Homewood, 
under "Pittsburgh Districts Located and Defined," which see. 

THE HEINZ INDUSTRIES. 

"The Home of the 57."— The Main Plant of the H. J. Heinz 
Company on the North Side originally occupied thirty-six City lots, 
and extended from the Allegheny River to the tracks of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad between Heinz and Pindam streets. The first buildings of 
this plant were erected on this site in 1890, and building after building 
has been added, until today the main plant is the largest establishment 
of its kind in the world; it now covers 160 City lots and includes within 
its borders 32 massive brick buildings with a floor space of over 45 
acres. The manufacture of food products was begun by H. J. Heinz 
in 1869 in Sharpsburg (a borough contiguous to Pittsburgh), on the 
lower floor of a small two story building, with two women helpers; 
now the Heinz industries use the product of 50,000 acres of land; employ 
4,000 people in the manufacture and distribution of their product; 
have 17 branch factories in the United States, one in Canada, one in 
England, one in Spain, and distribute their products through their 
own warehouses and agencies in all the principal cities of the United 
States, Great Britain, Continental Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. 
In a few words, it may be succinctly stated that the Heinz industry 
as a whole is one that exercises an active and aggressive influence in 
the commerce of the entire civilized globe. The "Home of the 57" is 
one of the first places sought by visitors to Pittsburgh. Here the open 
door policy of the Heinz Company has been enforced many years. It 
has been the Company's custom to show people through its kitchens, 
explaining every detail in the preparation of its products and answering 
every question. Thousands of visitors from all parts of the _ United 
States, and from other countries, have passed through these kitchens. 
Last year 50,000 visitors were recorded; so much has the idea of in- 
instruction and entertainment grown that the Heinz Company main- 
tains a standing advertisement in the Pittsburgh papers, inviting 
visitors to the plant and instructing them how to reach it. 



190 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 




Pittsburgh, How To See It 191 

It seems unnecessary to enumerate the various factories of the 
Company outside of Pittsburgh, and their 96 salting stations, for the 
reason that the visitor here is directly interested in the Pittsburgh 
plant, but the affiliated industries of the Heinz Company should be 
mentioned. These are: the Heinz Can Factory; the Box and Tank 
Factory; the Glass Factory at Sharpsburg and its extensive works 
with a capacity of over eighteen million bottles per year, and the Heinz 
printing plant. 

The average daily output of the box factory is between four and 
five thousand shipping cases. All the tins that are needed to pack 
the Heinz products are made at the Heinz Main Plant. The present 
building is a three story brick, 100 by 125 feet, and has become too 
small. The inspection of these various plants is a part of the sight- 
seeing tour through the main plant. 

The welfare features instituted for the employes come in for 
special mention; to this end four dining rooms are conducted in the 
Main Plant where substantial food is served employes at cost; recre- 
ation rooms; a fully equipped gymnasium, a natatorium, and an audi- 
torium, are some of the other welfare features of the Plant. There' is 
a large dining room for girls seating 600. There are special recreation 
rooms for girls, provided with a piano, books, potted plants, handsome 
rugs, cosy corners, easy chairs, pictures on the walls, statuary, and 
objects of art from foreign lands. The library is supplied with standard 
and current literature, magazines and periodicals. A circulating 
library is also a well patronized feature. There is a cooking school 
conducted in the kitchen connected with the girls dining room; plain 
sewing is also taught. Men have their classes and organizations also, 
including a choral society, which is composed of both men and women. 
There are dining rooms also for the convenience of the men in the 
offices and factories. Two floors in one of the large buildings are used 
as an auditorium which is designed on approved theatrical lines. Here 
the employees assemble to hear addresses by distinguished men, and 
for musical entertainments and social purposes. Christmas and other 
holidays afford occasions for special meetings. Summer trips in the 
Company's motor trucks are made by different parties of girls through 
the suburbs and beautiful scenic regions about Pittsburgh. There is a 
pleasure launch for boating on the river, and a roof garden surrounded 
by .sunshine and fresh air is available for all, during noon hour. 

The natatorium is thrown open occasionally to the public of the 
district. The swimming pool is 25 by 40 feet; there are also tub, 
shower and needle baths, with a swimming teacher and other attend- 
ants. An emergency hospital is maintained in case of accident or 
sudden illness. A resident physician is employed by the Company, 
who visits employes in their homes as well as when taken ill on the 
premises. There is also a dental department and a manicurist. The 
Heinz Company has been well advertised in all the great world's expo- 
sitions for the last quarter of a century, and obtainedlgold medals for 



192 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



superiority of product, welfare work, and their special food containers. 
It maintains a pier at Atlantic City which is visited by thousands of 
people annually. 

The Heinz Plants are reached by Routes 1, 2, 3 and 4 and via 
Penn avenue Routes 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, and 96, to Sixteenth street, 
and a short walk across the Sixteenth Street Bridge, the Main Plant 
in plain sight. At night a large blazing sign "57" informs the visitor 
of the location of this vast industry, a distinct proof of success and 
popularity. 

The Allegheny Observatory was established in 1859 by a number 
of private citizens who wished to give themselves, and the public in 
general, an opportunity to see the wonders of the heavens. The 
telescope, a refractor with a thirteen-inch glass was at that time the 
third largest in the world. In 1867 the Observatory was made over 
to the University of Pittsburgh (then the Western University of Pennsyl- 
vania) and since has formed the astronomical department of the Uni- 
versity. In the same year, Samuel Pierpont Langley came to the 
Observatory as director, and from that time the investigations made by 




ALLEGHENY OBSERVATORY 



him and his successors have kept the Observatory in the front rank of 
the world's astronomical institutions. 

In 1905 the Observatory was moved to a hill in Riverview Park, 
its beautiful building forming one of Pittsburgh's finest ornaments, 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 193 

commanding not only an unobstructed view of the sky but also an 
unusually beautiful view of Pittsburgh and its surroundings. The 
new Observatory and its equipment cost three hundred thousand 
dollars, all of which was subscribed by citizens of Pittsburgh. It was 
formally dedicated August 28, 1912. The principal instrument is a 
thirty-inch refracting telescope, the third largest in the United States 
and the most powerful photographic refracting telescope in the world. 
Next comes a thirty-inch reflecting telescope, a memorial of the late 
James Edward Keeler, formerly director of the Observatory. The 
old thirteen-inch telescope, once the third largest in the world, has now 
become the third largest in the Allegheny Observatory. It is used 
chiefly for .the entertainment of visitors, and four thousand persons 
annually obtain access to this telescope or (in case of cloudy weather) 
to the illustrated lectures on Astronomy. These facilities are placed 
at the disposal of the public without charge of any kind. Among 
other instruments are a vertical telescope for observing the sun, and a 
transit instrument for telling the exact time by observing the sun and 
the stars. With the help of the latter the Observatory has maintained 
an accurate time-service since 1869, by means of which the exact time 
is distributed by telegraph throughout Pittsburgh and along certain 
railroads, entering Pittsburgh, and as far east as the Atlantic Coast. 

It is not generally known that owing to the steady atmosphere 
in this neighborhood, the Observatory has for its purposes one of the 
most favorable sites to be found anywhere in the country. 

The successive directors of the Observatory have been: Lucien 
Bradley, 1859-1865; Philotus Dean, 1865-1867; Samuel Pierpont 
Langley, 1867-1889; James Edward Keeler, 1892-1898; John Alfred 
Brashear (acting director), 1898-1900; Frank L. O. Wadswoth, 1900- 
1905; Frank Schlesinger, 1905-. 

Persons desiring to visit the Observatory should make written 
application to the director. Applications must be made several weeks 
in advance of the preferred date and should state for how many persons 
admission is desired, ■ Parties should be limited to as small a number 
as convenient. A self -addressed envelope should be enclosed. 

In case of doubly weather there will be an exhibition of lantern 
slides of all the most interesting objects in the heavens, with an appro- 
priate lecture by one of the Observatory staff. 

Tickets are good only on that evening for which they are issued; 
if visitors are prevented by cloudy weather from observing with the 
telescope and wish to come again, they must apply for new cards. 

If anything should come up that would prevent the recipients 
from using the tickets as issued, notice of this fact should be sent at 
once to the director for the benefit of other applicants. 

To reach the Observatory take Route 8 to Observatory 
avenue (formerly Riverview avenue). 



194 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

SIGHT-SEEING TRIPS IN AND NEAR PITTSBURGH. 

These are best indulged in on the Interurban Routes to Charleroi 
and Washington, the Butler, Harmony and New Castle Line and the 
Butler Short Line, but there are some most interesting trips that do not 
take the visitors so far away from the City. These are over the suburban 
lines of the Pittsburgh Railways Company, as enumerated below. 

Charleroi. — The cars to Charleroi leave the corner of Grant 
street and Liberty avenue regularly every hour between 6 A. M. 
and 10 P. M., but there are enough additional cars to make it a half 
hour service. The Charleroi route passes through a beautiful country 
that is dotted with charming residences. The line proceeds along 
Liberty avenue to Wood street, turns on Water street and crosses the 
Smithfield Street Bridge and proceeds through the Mount Washington 
tunnel, three-fourths of mile long, and then along Saw Mill Run and 
through the Mingo Valley, a region of heavy woods and rocky hillsides. 
At Riverview there is obtained a remarkable view of the Monongahela 
River, with occasional glimpses of the great mills and coal tipples which 
help to make the Pittsburgh district the greatest industrial center in the 
world. Over the entire route, the visitor will be delighted with the splen- 
did views afforded. The fare is fifty cents, the distance to Charleroi 34 14 
miles, and the round trip consumes about two hours to Roscoe, the 
terminus; 1% hours to Charleroi. 

Washington. — This is a historic route proceeding along the same 
tracks as the Charleroi line to Washington Junction. It passes 
through a country in which some of the most stirring scenes of the 
Whiskey Insurrection took place. The surrounding country is beauti- 
ful farm land and several interesting and imposing public institutions 
are passed; the Pennsylvania Reform School at Morgan za and the 
Washington County Home are two of these. The route proceeds 
along the main street of the historic town of Canonsburg. Washington 
is the county seat of Washington County, and one of the oldest and one 
of the wealthiest towns in Western Pennsylvania. It is the seat of Wash- 
ington and Jefferson College, which is more than a century old. The 
beautiful buildings and campus are alone worth the trip. Washington is 
29 miles from Pittsburgh. The trip occupies an hour and 50 minutes 
and the fare is 50 cents each way. 

There is freight service over both trolley lines, the freight 
station at Grant street and First avenue.. 

The Butler Short Line has its terminal offices and waiting 
rooms at Pittsburgh in the Stanwix Shops Building, on Stanwix street 
opposite the Home Department Store. This route proceeds up the 
Allegheny River, through Etna and the Pine Creek Valley, and follows 
the Butler plank road and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the 
town of Butler. The fare is 70 cents one way; $1.25 round trip, and 
the round trip consumes three hours; the distance is 33 miles. An 
amusement park, called "Alameda" on this line is a great pleasure 
resort for the people of Butler and vicinity. It is a most attractive 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 195 

place to visit. Butler is the county seat of Butler County and the 
site of many manufacturing establishments, one of the largest is the 
Standard Steel Car Company's Works. This route conducts a freight 
service station at Duquesne way and Federal street (Sixth). 

"The Harmony Route." — The Butler, Harmony and New Castle 
line of interurban cars proceeds through a most attractive country 
and perhaps one of the most beautiful in Western Pennsylvania. The 
Pittsburgh terminus of this line is at Liberty avenue and Market 
street. Cars can also be taken at Liberty avenue and Stanwix street. 
The branch to Butler leaves the main line at Evans City, Butler by 
this line is 38 miles from Pittsburgh. The fare is 75 cents and round 
trip $1.35. A fine trip is to take one route to Butler and return by the 
other. Two railway lines are also available — the Pennsylvania and the 
Baltimore and Ohio. "The Harmony Route" to New Castle follows 
the Connoquenessing, a tributary of the Beaver River and passes 
through the large manufacturing town called Ellwood City. The 
Connoquenessing is a noted stream for fishing and camping parties. 
The scenery along its banks is delightful. For miles out of Pittsburgh 
the traveller on this route will be struck with the beauty of the suburban 
homes as well as the native beauty of the region. From Perrysville to 
Zelienople "the Harmony Route" traverses one of the principal oil pro- 
ducing districts in Western Pennsylvania. Harmony is an old town 
with a most interesting history. The Home of the Knights of Pythias 
of Pennsylvania is located there. This route conducts a freight 
service also. 

Suburban Lines. — Lines of the Pittsburgh Railways Company 
reach many suburban points that should be visited. Homestead and 
Braddock are perhaps the best known towns that are close to the City 
limits and both have a world-wide fame on account of the location of 
immense plants of the Carnegie Steel Company. However, the visitor 
must not expect to be admitted to these works for there is an element 
of danger at all times to be considered. The visitor can, however, see 
the immensity of the steel industry from the outside, and obtain an 
adequate idea of the number of persons employed and the transportation 
problem involved in the output of these plants and in the bringing of 
raw material to them. Homestead can be reached on Routes 
55, 68 and 80 from the downtown district, and Route 60 from 
East Liberty. Also on the Monongahela Division of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad from the Pennsylvania Station at Eleventh street, and the 
Fourth Avenue Station of the Pan Handle Division of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 

Braddock is reached by Routes 55, 64 and 67, and by the 
suburban trains on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad from the 
Eleventh Street Station, and by trains on the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad from their Station at Smithfield and Water streets, and by 
the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie trains on their Monongahela and Yough- 
iogheny Divisions. 



196 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Trafford City. — This is a station on the main line of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad, 17 miles east of the City. The trolley route called the 
Trafford City Express, Route 63, follows Forbes street to Wilkins- 
burg and then by the Ardmore right of way to East Pittsburgh, Wilmer- 
ding and Trafford City. This line passes through the Turtle Creek 
Valley in which are located all the plants of the immense Westinghouse 
concerns, extending from East Pittsburgh to Trafford City, A trip 
on this line is recommended. The Westinghouse Electric and Manu- 
facturing Company works are at East Pittsburgh; the Air Brake Works, 
at Wilmerding. Other industries of the company are at Trafford City. . 
Suburban trains on the Pennsylvania Railroad, will take passengers to 
East Pittsburgh, Turtle Creek, Pitcairn (the shops and the yards of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad are located here), and to Trafford City. 

Ardmore. — Cars on this route leave Penn and Frankstown 
avenues and proceed via Frankstown avenue to Wilkin sburg and on 
the Ardmore right of way to East Pittsburgh and Wilmerding. The 
engineering difficulties encountered in building this line will present 
themselves to view along the right of way in the immense fills and cuts 
that were necessary. This is a picturesque route and can be made at 
the expense of three trolley fares each way, or 15 cents from the City. 

Oakmont and Verona. — These cars operate from Braddock 
avenue and Forbes street to the towns of Oakmont and Verona, which 
are contiguous and lie along the Allegheny River 1 1 miles from the City. 
This community is one of the most popular resorts in this part of the 
State and is famous for swimming, boating, canoeing and summer camp 
features. The trolley route proceeds through a picturesque and rugged 
country for about 9 miles, and this is one of the most popular trips out 
of Pittsburg in the way of an enjoyable sight-seeing trip. Connections 
are made with the Oakmont and Verona cars at Braddock avenue and 
Forbes street from Routes 63, 64, 65, 66, and 67, and Routes 76, 87, 88 
and 89 in Wilkinsburg. 

West View Route. — On the North Side of the river, the West 
View Loop is recommended for a short sight-seeing trip, one route 
called the West View-Bellevue and the other called the Bellevue-West 
View line, numbered "10" and "15," respectively. The first crosses 
the Seventh Street Bridge and proceeds via North avenue, East street 
and the private right of way to West View, passing West View Park, 
and inbound by California avenue. No. 15 route crosses the Sixth 
Street Bridge and proceeds via Federal street, North avenue to 
Brighton road, Columbus avenue and California avenue, through 
Bellevue to West View. This line returns to the City via East street. 
Route 16, "Rodgers and Forest Avenues, Bellevue" has its terminus 
in Bellevue and does not go to West View or West View Park, so that 
the visitor will want to make sure of the route numbers. 

Emsworth. — This Route, No. 13, follows the line of Route 
15 as also the Avalon line, Route 14, but has its terminal in Avalon 
Borough between Bellevue and Emsworth. Beyond Avalon is Ben 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 197 

Avon, and then Emsworth. There can also be seen the Davis Island 
Lock Dam of the United States Government, the first improvement in 
the Ohio River in the project known as the "Canalization of the Ohio 
River," which is being done by the United States Government at the 
expense of $60,000,000.00. The Odd Fellows Orphans' Home is located 
at Ben Avon. 

Sewickley. — This is a route of varied interest and takes the 
passenger from the terminal at Liberty avenue and Stanwix street via 
Penn avenue to Water street, passing the old Block House, crossing 
the Point Bridge, proceeding through the West End, and the great 
manufacturing town of McKees Rocks, thence to Neville Island to 
Coraopolis and on down the Ohio River to Stoop's Ferry across the 
beautiful new Sewickley Bridge. Over this bridge a splendid view of the 
Ohio River and Valley can be had. Sewickley is twelve miles below the 
City and is counted its most exclusive and aristocratic suburb. The homes 
in the Borough and on Sewickley Heights vie in splendor with residences 
anywhere in America, and the Sewickley trip is one that is to be greatly 
recommended. The Sewickley Bridge is a triumph in bridge engineering. 
Its main structure is cantilever with approach spans and half through 
Warren trusses. The floor is buckle plate and wood block reinforced 
concrete sidewalks, one on each side, 7 feet 7 inches wide. The distance 
center to center end bearings on abutments is 1,852 feet, 7 inches. 
The channel span is 750 feet. Two anchor arms are 300 feet each. 
Five spans are 79 feet and 2 inches each and one 118 feet, 10 inches. 
The roadway is 28 feet clear. The bridge was built in 1910-11, and 
carries the tracks of the Pittsburgh Railways Company. It has two 
river piers and two shore piers. It is free of tolls and cost the County 
of Allegheny $537,438.67. 

Up the Allegheny.— The Allegheny Valley line of interurban 
cars come into Pittsburgh via the Sharpsburg Bridge, Butler street and 
Penn avenue. The line comes down the Allegheny River from New 
Kensington, crossing the Allegheny River at Bouquet station on the 
Conemaugh Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The main line 
extends to Natrona through Tarentum and Brackenridge with transfers 
at the bridge. 

McKeesport. — Route 56 to McKeesport via Second avenue, 
Glenwood Bridge and Homestead, will pass through Duquesne, where 
there is an immense plant of the United States Steel Company, and 
the cars will cross the river again at Dravosburg to the City of Mc- 
Keesport. This route will give visitors a good view of the Monongahela 
River and the large manufacturing plants along its banks. The fare 
to McKeesport is fifteen cents. 

Braddock and East Pittsburgh. — The route to East Pittsburgh, 
No. 55, proceeds on the same tracks as No. 56 to Homestead, but crosses 
the river again at the Rankin bridge and proceeds through Braddock, 
passing the Edgar Thomson rail mill of the Carnegie Steel Company and 
through the town of East Pittsburgh, passing also the Westinghouse 
Electric and Manufacturing Company's plant in that place. 



CHAPTER XV 

Motors and Motoring 

Automobiles and Accessories. — Almost every . American make 
of automobile is represented in Pittsburgh. The center of this line 
of industry is in the East End, though some agencies and supply 
houses are located downtown in the streets contiguous to the Grant 
boulevard, the main automobile route to and from the East End. 
Agencies of various cars, accessories, supplies and garages, will be 
found on the main East End thoroughfares; outer Penn avenue, Center 
avenue, on the Baum boulevard, and on Beatty and North Craig 
streets; also in Wilkinsburg on Kelly street and Ross avenue mainly. 
In the Oakland district, in the neighborhood of Forbes Field and 
Schenley Park, are the headquarters of some well-known and popular 
cars. Agencies of commercial trucks are mainly in the East End 
along the same streets as those of the general service cars, a Pittsburgh 
factory in line, the Lange truck at South St. Clair and Mignonette 
streets, and there are also assembling works, notably Ford's. There 
are service and repair stations in the main automobile commercial 
district for gasoline and electric vehicles, and also for radiator repairs; 
service and repair stations of various kinds will also be found along the 
Grant boulevard. All of the different makes of auto tires have agencies 
in Pittsburgh, located mainly downtown. There are many garages 
scattered over the City, and some of these have a towing and repair 
service in connection. Portable steel garages are also represented 
and there are many automobile liveries, several liveries running Packard 
cars only. There are repair and service stations in various parts of 
the City and suburbs, and the large towns about the City, and gasoline 
stations that afford all that is adequate in that line. On the North 
Side, or old Allegheny City, there is a representation of the various 
auto business interests in a manner distinct from those in other sections 
of the City. This is true also of the South Side district. A convenient 
and complete directory of everything pertaining to autos and their 
accessories and supplies will be found in the local telephone directories: 
the Bell and the Pittsburgh and Allegheny. 

Automobile Parks and Parking. — In the congested streets of the 
downtown section, dating back, as has been noted, to Colonial days, 
and in the peculiar topography of the City, there is small opportunity 
and little room for parking purposes. Recently constructed fireproof 



198 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 199 

garages at Grant street and Oliver avenue and Sixth and Webster ave- 
nues are available . The court yard of the Allegheny County Court House , 
entered from Fifth avenue and from Diamond street is used for parking, 
but is of limited area. Autos can also be parked on the wharves. The 
length of time which a motor propelled vehicle can be left standing in the 
street, is fixed by a police regulation, thirty minutes only in certain streets ; 
on side streets and those on which there is little traffic, autos can be left 
longer. Auto parking, except on public ground is a toll service; reason- 
able charges prevailing. With the great value of downtown property 
in Pittsburgh, it is most probable that the plots now used for auto 
parking will be built upon, and other parking plots be sought farther 
removed from the business section. Recently the wide portion of 
Second avenue, between Grant and Ross streets, is being used and 
the grounds at Duquesne way and Stanwix street, in the rear of the 
Jos. Home Co.'s Department Stores, used by the patrons of that store. 
Here accomodations and a rest room for chauffeurs are also provided. 

Standing Periods. — Vehicles of any kind are not permitted to 
stand for a period exceeding thirty minutes on certain designated 
streets, termed 12-hour periods. Moving of vehicles from one location 
to another for thirty minute periods, with the intent to evade the 30- 
minute rule, is not tolerated. The rule is rigidly enforced. 

Automobiles— Traffic Regulations. — Strangers in Pittsburgh 
arriving in automobiles need instruction and advice. First, caution- 
ary; second, from the standpoint of expediency. Traffic regulations 
are imposed by the Department of Public Safety, the police power of 
the city, and are rigidly enforced. Downtown there are policemen at 
all street corners from 7 A. M. to 6 P. M., who attend to their exacting 
duties with fidelity. Then there are certain streets on which vehicle 
traffic must move one way only. These streets are Third and Fourth 
avenues, between Grant street and Market street, and Smithfield and 
Wood streets — their whole length, which is between Water street and 
Liberty avenue. Vehicles must go north on Third avenue, or with 
the cars; there being but one car track on this avenue. Vehicles 
go east on Smithfield street, on the north or left track only, and west 
on Wood street, on the south or left track only; on each street, thus 
keeping parallel to the trolley cars. These regulations, now in use 
over two years, have been found to lessen the congestion on these 
streets, the routing of trolley cars one way alone has been a distinct 
improvement. The policeman on the corner directs traffic by hand 
signal or whistle. He also faces the moving column of vehicles. If 
his back is toward you do not try to cross; this position is sufficient 
notice to come to a full stop and await his signal to go ahead; his facing 
the moving traffic means the line is clear only in the direction the traffic 
is moving. It is not permitted to pass a street car to the right, which 
has stopped to take on or unload passengers; that is, go between the 
car and the curb, or stand so as to interfere when the car is taking on 
or discharging passengers. Autos must come to a full stop if the track 



200 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

is not clear, to the left, and downtown it is not wise to take chances on 
two-way streets; vehicles are not allowed to pass to the left of a waiting 
street car. 

Certain vehicles have the right of way; police, fire department, 
emergency repair wagons, U. S. Mail wagons and ambulances have the 
right of way in any street and through any procession. Arrow signs, 
showing the direction of the traffic are shown on one-way streets. Vehicles 
must be driven and stand headed in the direction the traffic is moving; 
a vehicle waiting at the curb must give place promptly to one about 
to take on or let off passengers, and it is not permissible to break into 
a traffic line. It is a requirement to take a place at the end of the line 
when it comes to you. On the approach of fire apparatus, or vehicles 
having the right of way, drivers or other vehicles shall immediately 
draw their vehicles as near as practicable to the right hand curb and 
bring them to a standstill, except on one-way streets, when they shall 
draw up to either curb. 

When two or more vehicles arrive at a street intersection at the 
same time, the vehicle to the right of any driver shall have the right of 
way. It is advisable to always stop as near the curb as possible, 
headed in the direction of the traffic. Overtaking or passing a street 
car, drivers must exercise due caution not to interfere with or injure 
passengers getting on or off the car. ' One important thing to remember 
is, not to stand a vehicle within 20 feet of a fire plug. These general 
directions herewith are worthy of special mention and should be 
memorized : 

For your own safety follow the corner signs : 
Walk Rite. 
Drive Rite. 
Keep to the Right. 
Move with the Traffic. 
Cross at the Crossings. 

Be Considerate. Assist the Traffic and Motorcycle Police. 

Go Slow. Blow your horn when passing children and vehicles, 
around corners and approaching crossings. Speed limit 1 mile in 23^ 
minutes, equals 24 miles per hour 

Stop at Street Car Crossings — at Railroad Crossings. 
Behind street cars taking on or discharging passengers. At auto 
wrecks, give First Aid to the injured, and notify the first policeman you 
meet. 

Keep to the Right. Don't pass other autos when on a curve 
when both are going in the same direction. Don't pass more than two 
abreast when on any public thoroughfare. Don't cut corners. Save 
damage suits and repair bills. 

Use the Chains. On wet and slippery streets. Save damage 
to property and loss of life. Look straight ahead and avoid accidents. 

Give Signal. By extending hand, by stopping or turning. 

Remove Headlight Glare while in the City limits. Use side 
lights. Be sure to lock your machine when left standing to avoid theft. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 201 

Give Warning Signal at all street crossings of your approach. 

Inspect Your Brakes. Use service ordinarily, the emergency 
when necessary. Keep your mufflers and sirens closed. 

Include Fire Extinguishers in your equipment. In case 
of theft notify Police Department. 

Caution and care are at all times requisite in traversing Pitts- 
burgh's streets, especially in motor propelled vehicles. The increasing 
number of fatalities is surely deplorable, and the carelessness of 
drivers and pedestrians alike may be considered to play an equal part 
in causing accidents. There are several danger points at which it is 
very necessary to have the machine under complete control, and that 
means going slowly. Many of these danger points will be recognized 
on sight. Some are indicated by red warning signs erected by the 
Department of Public Safety, placed upon trolley and telegraph poles. 
These red signs read "DANGER," sometimes indicating the speed to 
which the machine must be slowed down. Others in blue are caution- 
ary and read ''School, Go Slowly." Pay attention to these signs. 
An especial point of danger to pedestrians is on Grant boulevard, at 
Washington place, where the foot bridge over the Pan Handle R. R. 
tracks affords the outlet for pedestrians to the Pennsylvania station 
at Liberty avenue and _ Eleventh street. Thousands of motor vehicles 
pass this boulevard point daily, proceeding in both directions, and 
thousands' of foot passengers use this bridge, and in spite of care and 
speed regulations, many accidents have occurred at this point. Motor- 
cycle policemen patrol the boulevards and "speed fiends" are rigidly 
hunted down. The point at the Washington place bridge is the 
beginning of a long grade going East, and it seems necessary to have a 
good headway for the car, but the fact that this is a danger point seems 
also a necessary fact to impress upon auto drivers. There are other 
police regulations as to motor vehicles in regard to the prohibition of 
cut-offs and glaring lights, which will be wise for all concerned to learn 
and obey. In the thronged and vehicle congested streets of the old 
sections of Pittsburgh, it is wise, therefore, to observe the traffic regu- 
lations, obey the cornerman, avoid speed, note warning signs and be 
more than ordinarily careful. There is opportunity for fair going 
within the bounds of reason in other parts of the City for those who 
must speed. In Pittsburgh as to speed — remember, common sense 
is a good rule to go by. Besides the boulevards, the less frequented 
streets of the Schenley Farms tract, and the Shadyside district, and 
on the North Side, are favorite grounds for motoring, and the well 
kept park roads are always available. 

There is a growing sentiment throughout the country for uni- 
formity in the regulation of street traffic which shall be reasonable as 
well as enforceable. This sentiment has been crystalized into prac- 
tical form by the compilation of a standard code of traffic regulations 
by the Street Traffic Committee of the Safety First Federation of 
America. The aim in the compilation has been to meet the needs of 



202 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

all communities. Many of these regulations are already in force in 
Pittsburgh, and incorporated in the code regulating street traffic 
which has been referred to in the preceding article under the head 
"Traffic Regulations." Details of the movement for nation wide 
traffic rules can be had by addressing Raymond M. Slotter, Secretary, 
care Department of Public Safety, Philadelphia, Pa. The compilation 
of this code has been under the direction of John Gillespie, Police 
Commissioner of Detroit, Michigan. The publication of the code was 
announced for February, 1916. 

Parking of Private Cars Downtown. — This is permitted 24 hours 
each day on Duquesne way or Allegheny wharf from Stanwix street to 
the Exposition Building and on the Monongahela wharf parallel with 
Water street from Penn avenue to Smithfield street. Standing on 
driveways will not be allowed. 

Standing on driveways of wharves will not be allowed. 

Parking of Theatre Cars is not permitted on Fourth or Fifth 
avenues; Oliver avenue, from Grant street to Liberty avenue; Federal 
street (Sixth), Liberty to Duquesne way; Sixth avenue from Smith- 
field street to Cherry way. In order to facilitate traffic and provide 
a thoroughfare to Grant boulevard, cars and other vehicles are not 
permitted to stop on "Oliver avenue between Liberty avenue and 
Grant street" except only for the receiving and discharging of pas- 
sengers. . 

The 30-Minute Rule. — "Day-light" applies to the following 
streets twelve hours each day, Sundays excepted, from 6 A. M. to 
6 P.M. Parking permitted from 6 P. M. to 6. A. M. 

Grant boulevard, from Seventh avenue to Center avenue. 

Fifth avenue, from Grant street to Penn avenue, excepting 
from 6. P M. to 6. A. M. 

Webster avenue, from Grant street to Seventh avenue. 

Sixth avenue, from Smithfield street to Liberty avenue. 

Federal street, from Liberty avenue to Bridge, excepting from 
6 P. M. to 6 A. M. 

Smithfield street, from Water street to Liberty avenue. 

Wood street, from Water street to Liberty avenue. 

Market street, from Water street to Liberty avenue. 

Penn avenue, from Fifth avenue to Eleventh street. 

Liberty avenue, from Fifth avenue to Seventh avenue. 

Water street, from Ross street to Liberty avenue (on the north 
side of street). 

Ross street, from Diamond street to Water street. 

Stanwix street, between Liberty avenue and Penn avenue. 

Sandusky street, from Liberty avenue to Penn avenue. 

Anderson street, from Liberty avenue to Penn avenue. 

Tenth street, from Liberty avenue to Penn avenue. 

Eleventh street, from Liberty avenue to Penn avenue. 

Fifth avenue, from Liberty avenue east to the High School. 

Forbes street, from Ross street east to Marion street. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 203 

Grant street, from Water street to Liberty avenue. 

Liberty avenue, from Ferry street (on the south side of the 
street), and Fancourt (on the north side of the street) to Twenty- 
eighth street. 

Penn avenue, from Fancourt street (on the south side of the 
street) and Stanwix street (on the north side of the street) to Thirty- 
fourth street. 

First avenue, from Ross street to Blockhouse way. 

Second avenue, from Ross street to Blockhouse way. 

Third avenue, from Ross street to Blockhouse way. 

Diamond street, from Ross street to Liberty avenue. 

Cherry way, from Fifth avenue to Water street. 

Graeme street, from Fifth avenue to Market street. 

Wylie avenue, from Fullerton street to Fifth avenue. 

Fullerton street, from Bedford avenue to Center avenue. 

Duquesne way, from Stanwix street to Federal street. 
South Side Streets: 

Carson street, from Sixteenth street to Point Bridge. 

Carson street, west, from Sixteenth street to Wabash avenue 
and West Carson street. 

Smithfield street, from Carson street to the south end of Smith- 
field Street Bridge. 

North Side Streets — 

Federal street, north from bridge to North avenue. 

Robinson street, from Federal street to Exposition Park. 

East street, from North avenue, north to Madison avenue. 

Madison avenue, from North avenue, to East street. 
East End Streets. — 

The 30-minute rule applies to the following streets 24 hours each 
day, Sundays excepted. 

Penn avenue, from Whitfield street east to P. R. R. bridge. 

Frankstown avenue, from Penn avenue to Station street. 

Collins avenue, from Penn avenue to Broad street. 

Highland avenue, from Center avenue to Broad street. 

Whitfield street, from Penn avenue to Baum boulevard. 

Baum boulevard, from Grant boulevard to Highland avenue. 

Center avenue, from Penn avenue to Highland avenue. 

Sheridan avenue, from Center avenue to Penn avenue, cars 
are not permitted to stop except for receiving and discharging of pas- 
sengers. 

SPECIAL RULES FOR VEHICLES. 

Passing, Turning, Crossing, Stopping, and 

Importance of Keeping to the Right. 

Section 1. A vehicle, except when passing a vehicle ahead, 
shall keep as near the right hand curb as possible, except as hereinafter 
provided. 



204 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Sec. 2. A vehicle meeting another vehicle shall pass to the 
right. 

Sec. 3. On an avenue or street divided longitudinally by a 
parkway, walk, sunken way or viaduct, vehicles shall keep to the right 
of such division. 

Sec. 4. A vehicle turning into another street to the right shall 
turn the corner as near the right hand curb as practical. 

Sec. 5. A vehicle turning into another street to the left shall 
turn around the center of intersection of the two streets. 

Sec. 6. A vehicle crossing from one side of the street to the 
other shall do so by turning around in the direction the traffic is going. 

Sec. 7. No vehicle shall stop with its left side to the curb, 
except on established cab, hack and truck stands, and in streets where 
and when one-way traffic is directed. 

Sec. 8. No vehicle shall stand backed up to the curb, except 
when actually loading or unloading, and if said vehicle is horse-drawn, 
and has four wheels, the horse or horses must stand parallel to the curb 
and face in direction of traffic. No vehicle shall stand so backed up 
if it interferes with or interrupts the passage of other vehicles or street 
cars. 

Sec. 9. No vehicles shall back to make a turn m any street, 
if by so doing it interferes with other vehicles, but shall go around the 
block or to a street intersection sufficiently wide to turn in without 
backing. 

Sec. 10. Slow-moving vehicles, except on one-way streets 
where track is given to slow-going vehicles, shall keep as close as 
possible to the curb on the right, so as to allow faster moving vehicles 
free passage on the left. 

Sec. 11. No person having charge of a vehicle shall allow the 
same to come within ten feet of another vehicle in front of him when 
approaching or passing over a crossing. 

Sec. 12. Standing of vehicles unnecessarily on restricted 
streets forbidden, and unless loading or unloading, not allowed longer 
than thirty minutes during traffic hours. 

Article II. Signals. 

Section 1. In turning out, or slowing up or stopping, the 
following code of signals shall be used, viz. : 

Right hand extended means turning out to the right. 

Left hand extended means turning out to the left. 

Hand extended high with palm forward means going ahead. 

Hand extended high with palm backward, means "hold up, I 
am going to stop." 

Sec. 2. In turning, while in position, or in starting to turn from 
a standstill, a signal shall be given by raising the whip or hand, indicat- 
ing with it the direction in which the turn is to be made. 

Sec. 3. Before backing, full warning shall be given by voice or 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 205 



uplifted hand; and while backing, care must be exercised not to collide 
with anything in the rear. 

Sec. 4. One blast of police whistle indicates that traffic shall 
stop. Two blasts that traffic may proceed. Vehicles and street cars 
shall stop so as not to interfere with the passage of pedestrians at the 
crossings. Three or more blasts is the signal of alarm and indicates 
the approach of a fire engine or some other danger. 

Sec. 5. No vehicle shall be used on any street or highway 
unless provided with lights, sound signals and license plates as pre- 
scribed by law. 

Sec. 6. Traffic officers stationed at corners, either facing or 
with back turned to the line of traffic, indicates that the street is closed; 
standing with side view indicates that street is open. 

Sec. 7. No street car, automobile, motorcycle, or other vehicle, 
shall be permitted to use any brilliant acetylene, electric, or other 
headlight, unless properly shaded, so as not to blind or dazzle other 
users of the highways, or make it difficult or unsafe for them to ride, 
drive, or walk thereon. 

Copies of these rules can be obtained from the traffic officers 
at the corners, and at all police stations, or by mail upon written 
request to the Department of Public Safety. 

Pittsburgh Branch, Ford Motor Company. — Probably as interest- 
ing a place as is found in the City for a visitor is the new assembling 
plant and service station of the Ford Motor Company, located near 
the Shadyside Station (Pennsylvania Railroad), at Baum boulevard 
and Morewood avenue. It is the home of the famous "Ford, the 
Universal Car." This building is of the most modern design, eight 
stories in height, 219 by 167 feet, containing oyer 180,000. square feet 
of floor space. It is of pressed brick and reinforced concrete con- 
struction. The plant is the sixth largest in the chain of Ford Assembling 
Plants in the country, containing the most modern conveniences and 
up-to-date machinery and equipment that can be found in any auto- 
mobile factory. This plant has a capacity for building 100 automobiles 
per day, which are distributed throughout Pennsylvania, Ohio, West 
Virginia and Maryland, and employs approximately 350 people. The 
plant is easily accessible from the Pennsylvania Railroad, being one 
square from the Shadyside station, and from trolley lines, east-bound 
cars of the Center and Negley, Lincoln avenue, Bloomfield and East 
Liberty Express lines. Visitors are always welcome each working 
day, from 9:00 A. M. to 4:30 P. M. Guides make regular trips over 
the plant every hour, starting on the hour. 

The Pennsy Car — "The Car named by the People" is made by 
the Pennsy Motors Co. of Pittsburgh at their factory, Pennsylvania 
avenue, near Allegheny avenue, North Side, reached by Routes 18 
and 19. 



206 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

ROADS AND ROAD TOURS:— The roads of Allegheny County 
can be denned under two heads — roads that have been improved, and 
the old style dirt roads. The complete mileage of improved roads to 
January 1, 1916, amounts to 520.5 miles, which also includes 34.78 
miles of various types of road now under construction. The road 
system consists of water-bond macadam, macadam-asphalt seal coat; 
macadam-asphalt penetration; asphaltic concrete; brick and concrete 
types. The total mileage of public roads in the county is 1751 miles, 
or about 1230 miles of dirt road not yet improved. 

The main automobile roads leading into the city are the Browns- 
ville Road; the Washington Road; the Noblestown Road; the River 
Road (Coraopolis to Pittsburgh), on the south side of the Mononga- 
hela and Ohio rivers; the Greensburg Pike, and the Saltsburg Pike 
from the east; the Kittanning Pike; Freeport Road; Evergreen Road, 
and the road merging into Brighton Road, on the North Side; this 
highway connecting with the County improvements in Emsworth 
and thence to the Sewickley district, and on down the Ohio River. 
As a matter of more accurate information, the Route Book of the 
Pittsburgh Auto Club, and the ordinary Blue Book for autoists are 
available. 

The large boroughs of the county, such as Homestead, Duquesne, 
Clairton, Braddock, East Pittsburgh, Wilmerding, Verona, Tarentum, 
Sewickley, Carnegie and Bridgeville, and the City of McKeesport, are 
connected with the City by improved roads, and information along the 
lines of data concerning these roads will be found in the books above 
referred to. 

The Lincoln Highway. — This now noted way enters Pittsburgh 
from Wilkinsburg via Penn avenue, thence to Beatty street, to Baum 
boulevard, to Craig street, to the Grant boulevard to Oliver avenue, to 
Liberty avenue to Water street, over the Manchester Bridge at the 
Point, to Galveston avenue, to Ridge avenue, to Irwin avenue, to 
Pennsylvania avenue, to the Brighton road and thence to Lincoln 
avenue, Bellevue, and on west following the old Beaver road of early 
days. 

The route as given above is that obtained from the Bureau of 
Highways, Department of Public Works, of the City of Pittsburgh. 
While the old Union Bridge at the Point was down, and the new Man- 
chester Bridge was under construction, the Highway was routed over 
the Federal Street Bridge from Liberty avenue to Stockton avenue, to 
Sherman avenue, and through the West Park, and along Western 
avenue, and the signs marking this route have been left up. This 
route may be taken as a variation. 



CHAPTER XVI 

Rivers and Improvements 

The Pittsburgh Harbor, The Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Canal 

Rivers and River Transportation.— The three rivers have been 
most effective in the development of Pittsburgh as an industrial center, 
and have been the chief carriers of coal since mining became one of the 
principal industries of the Pittsburgh district. The Monongahela 
River is what rivermen dominate a "slackwater" river, having fifteen 
dams and locks which extend navigation throughout the year to Fair- 
mont, West Virginia, 130 miles south of Pittsburgh, the river flowing 
north. There are three locks and dams in the Allegheny River, the 
third at Natrona, 24 miles above the City. The first dam and lock on 
the Ohio River was opened in 1885 and is known as Davis Island Dam. 
It reaches from Bellevue to the island of that name opposite. Between 
Pittsburgh and the Ohio State line there are seven locks and dams 
completed and in operation. These improvements on the Ohio ( have 
been called and are now known as the "Canalization of the Ohio and 
will be completed to Cairo, Illinois. The work is done by the United 
States government, and includes 54 dams in all, at a possible cost of 
sixty million dollars at the minimum; the average cost of a dam and 
lock is about one million dollars. The United States government 
purchased the locks and dams of the Monongahela Navigation Com- 
pany, made them free, and erected six additional; they also built 
the three locks and dams on the Allegheny. About twelve million 
tons of freight are moved on the Monongahela annually, three-fourths 
of which is coal. From Davis Island Dam on the Ohio to Lock No. 1 
on the Monongahela River, immediately above the Second Avenue 
Bridge, and up the Allegheny as far as Lock No. 1 on that river, 
about Eighteenth Street, the pool is known as The Pittsburgh Harbor, 
being a "Y" shaped basin providing a minimum depth of six feet 
throughout the year. Pittsburgh has a water front of 28 miles. 

Passenger service on the rivers is about over; several small 
packets still ply to and from points on the Ohio River as far as the Kana- 
wha, and up that stream to Charleston, West Virginia. During the 
Mardi Gras festivities in New Orleans, excursions are made by boats from 
Pittsburgh to New Orleans and return, the trip lasting about four weeks. 
There are no packets on the Monongahela River, which is to be regretted, 
as the scenery on the upper river is most beautiful. Several boats operate 
during the summer season on short excursions afternoon and evening, 
and on Sundays and holidays, proceeding as far as Economy on the 

207 



208 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Ohio River, and Braddock and Homestead on the Monongahela. 
There is dancing on the boats and the excursions are largely patronized 
affording a visitor a good view of the manufacturing plants on the two 
rivers from Braddock to Ambridge. Fares are moderate. 

The coal export business is carried on under the old method 
of towing, which is a misnomer, as our boats, which are stern wheelers, 
"push" the so-called tow instead of pulling it, but the term "towing" 
has become fixed in river parlance and this explanation seems necessary. 

A recent report from the Secretary of the Department of Com- 
merce in Washington registers 244 steam vessels at the Port of Pitts- 
burgh, with a gross tonnage of 33,712; he also registers 20 barges of 
1462 tons, a total of 264 craft, and 35,174 tons. Many hundred 
barges and coalboats used for the transportation of coal to Southern 
cities are not registered. The United States Goverment maintains a 
Customs Office in Pittsburgh, the Collector of the Port having his 
offices in the government building on Smithfield street, usually referred 
to as the Post Office Building. 

The Lake Erie and Ohio River Canal. — The idea of connect- 
ing Pittsburgh with Lake Erie by a canal following the Beaver and 
Mahoning' Rivers originated with George Washington. In 1889 the 
State of Pennsylvania at the instance of Andrew Carnegie, appointed 
a commission to survey a route for such a canal. This commission pro- 
nounced the project feasible. In 1895 the Chamber of Commerce 
appointed a provisional committee on the subject, which also approved 
the project. In 1905 the Lake Erie and Ohio River Canal Company 
made an investigation which demonstrated the feasibility and profit of 
such a waterway. In December, 1911, the Lake Erie and Ohio River 
Canal Association was formed for the purpose of having the canal built 
with the proceeds of bonds issued by counties in Western Pennsylvania, 
Ohio and West Virginia, some thirty-five or forty in number, which 
would be benefited by the construction of the waterway, with the idea 
also that the United States Government would assist by deepening the 
Ohio River and constructing a harbor at Lake Erie. The Association 
secured all necessary legislation in the three States and also a favor- 
able report from the National Waterways Commission, which latter 
was founded upon investigations made by the United States Govern- 
ment engineers. In 1913 the Association secured the passage of an 
act authorizing the Governor of Pennsylvania to appoint a Board to 
locate the route of the canal and estimate its cost and to supervise the 
work of construction. An appropriation of $25,000 was also made by 
the State for the Board's expenses. In 1914 a Board of five members 
was appointed under this legislation and did much work. In 1915 a 
further appropriation of $150,000 was made. 

In October, 1915, a new Board of seven members, including 
representatives from Ohio and West Virginia, as well as from Pennsyl- 
vania, was appointed. Following its report elections will be held in 
all the counties of the canal district upon the question of issuing bonds. 
The canal project has been pronounced feasible, necessary and profit- 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 209 

able by the most eminent waterway engineers in the United States. 
It is expected to greatly reduce the cost of carrying coal, iron ore and 
heavy manufacturing material between the Ohio River and the Great 
Lakes and to vastly build up the industries, population and prosperity 
of the whole canal district. It will also greatly help to relieve the 
congestion of traffic on the railroads. It will also provide an additional 
means of defense, as small vessels of war and munitions of war can be 
quickly and safely transported over it between the Mississippi Valley 
and the Atlantic Coast. 

The canal will begin at the mouth of the Beaver River and follow 
that stream to where it is formed by the junction of the Mahoning and 
Shenango Rivers; thence it will follow the former stream to Niles, 
Ohio, from whence it will pursue the valley of Mosquito Creek to the 
summit level where there will be a stretch of 31 miles without a single 
lock. At the northern end of the summit level the canal will descend 
into the valley of the Grand, following that river and Indian Creek to 
Lake Erie at the mouth of the latter stream. The canal will be 103 
miles, one-half of which will consist of deepening and straightening 
the channel of the Beaver and Mahoning Rivers. It will have 
short branches to Warren, Ohio, and New Castle, Pennsylvania. The 
Ohio River is already canalized from Pittsburgh to the mouth of the 
Beaver River. This, by the system of locks and dams erected by the 
United States Government and under Government control. The 
canal will probably be 12 feet deep and 178 feet wide. It will have 
in all 26 locks. Its capacity will be about 40,000,000 tons. It will 
carry self-propelled barges having a capacity of 2500 to 4000 tons. Its 
cost is estimated at about sixty million dollars. It is located at the 
point where the Ohio River and Lake Erie are nearest together and 
on the lowest land divide between the Allegheny Mountains and the 
Mississippi River, also in the greatest tonnage district in the world. 

When this canal is opened, the New York-Erie Barge Canal 
in operation and the Ohio River improved all the way from Pittsburgh 
to Cairo, all of which can be accomplished by about 1922, it will be 
possible to go by water from Pittsburgh to 27 states, Canada, the Gulf 
of Mexico, and the Panama Canal without change. The Board is 
officially the Lake Erie & Ohio River Canal Board, with offices at 
1503 to 1509 Farmers Bank Building, corner Fifth avenue and Wood 
street. 

Locks and Dams. — Those interested in these river improve- 
ments will find the short trip to Lock No. 1 on the Monongahela 
River very instructive. This lock is close to the large tube mill of 
the Pennsylvania Tube Co., on Second avenue. It is reached by 
Routes 55, 56, 57 and 58. Cars stop at the Lock. Davis Island 
Dam, the first improvement on the Ohio River, has its north end 
in Bellevue. This, too, is a government lock and dam 1200 feet 
long, known as a movable dam in distinction to the Monongahela 
which are fixed. Davis Island Dam is reached on the south shore by 
Routes 23 and]24 and on the north shore by Routes 13 and 14. 



CHAPTER XVII 

East Pittsburgh, West Pittsburgh 

Industrial Towns: Wilmerding, M ones sen, etc. The Westing- 
house Industries; The Garland Industries 

EAST PITTSBURGH. 

The Westinghouse Industries. — The name Westinghouse is 
linked indissolubly with Pittsburgh not only in the air brake and the 
great works at Wilmerding, the town the Air Brake Company founded, 
but also in other great works in the Turtle Creek Valley. 

The boroughs of Turtle Creek and East Pittsburgh form the 
location of the main plant of the Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Com- 
pany, Westinghouse Machine Company, and the Pittsburgh Meter 
Company. 




WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY 

EAST PITTSBURGH 

210 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 211 

The Greensburg pike, forming a part of the Lincoln Highway, 
extends through and across the Pennsylvania R. R. into the borough 
of Turtle Creek. Soon after entering this borough proceeding west- 
ward, to the left is seen the mammoth works of the Westinghouse 
Electric & Manufacturing Company, which extend through Turtle 
Creek into East Pittsburgh for a distance of over a mile. 

The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company manu- 
factures a widely varied line of electrical apparatus covering practically 
almost everything electrical. 

The Company was organized in 1886, by the famous inventor, 
George Westinghouse, and began operations in the Garrison alley 
plant, Pittsburgh, Pa., with about 200 men. In 1895 the plant was 
moved to East Pittsburgh, and now occupies over 76 acres of floor 
space, and employs over 20,000 people, with a pay roll approximately 
one and three-quarter million dollars a month. To furnish energy for 
this immense plant a power house of 20,000 horsepower is required. 
The average output is nearly four million dollars a month. To ship 
this enormous amount of material turned out by this plant requires 
over 800 cars per month. 

Among the products built are generators from 1-10 to 70,000 
kilowatts; motors from 1100 horsepower to 10,000 horsepower. 

To traverse all of the buildings in the entire works would 
require a walk of over ten miles. Installations of electrical apparatus 
made and installed by the company are to be found in every civilized 
country on the globe. 

The Company maintains a Relief Department, Savings and 
Pension Fund for the benefit of its employes; has always occupied a 
leading position in the equipment of its machinery with safety devices. 

In addition to the works at East Pittsburgh, the Company owns 
plants at Pittsburgh, Pa., Newark, N. J., Cleveland, Ohio, and Bridge- 
port, Conn.; and the works of the Westinghouse Lamp Company, a 
subsidiaiy corporation at Bloomfield, N. J., Milwaukee, Wis., and 
New York City. 

East Pittsburgh and Turtle Creek are stations on the main 
line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, reached by local trains from the 
Pennsylvania Station, Pittsburgh, and the towns are also traversed by 
trolley lines. Routes 55, 63, 64, from downtown, and Route 87, 
Ardmore line, from East Liberty, at Penn and Frankstown avenues. 

WILMERDING 

The first train equipped with air brakes was the Steubenville 
Accommodation, on the P. C. C. & St. L. Ry., in 1869. On the trial 
run, the superiority of the air brake over the hand brake was so forcibly 
demonstrated, that it was not long until numerous roads in various 
parts of the United States began to apply it to their rolling stock, and 
today it is the standard brake appliance on practically every railroad 
in this as well as in most foreign countries. The air brake, conceived 



212 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



in the fertile brain of the man whose name will ever be linked with it, 
has played a most important part in the material progress of the world 
and occupies a worthy place among the foremost inventions of all ages. 

The Westinghouse Air Brake Company was organized in 1869 
and is the oldest of the Westinghouse group of industries. It began 
business in that part of Pittsburgh, formerly known as Allegheny, 
with a very small force, and in 1890 moved to a site east of Pittsburgh, 
where it founded the town of Wilmerding. The business has grown 
steadily from year to year, so that at the present time the works and 
yards of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company occupy about thirty 
acres, including over twenty acres of floor space. 

The plant is the largest brake building factory in the world and 




WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE COMPANY, WILMERDING 

has a capacity of 1000 sets of brake equipment per day. The Company 
has a force of 4,500 employees, and carries a pay roll of $300,000.00 per 
month. The shipment of finished product per month averages 200 to 
250 carloads. 

Statistics show that over 3,000,000 freight and passenger cars 
and 80,000 locomotives in this country alone have been equipped with 
Westinghouse Air Brakes, and more than 6,500 locomotives have been 
supplied with Westinghouse Friction Draft Gear. 

It should be briefly stated that the function of the Air Brake 
is two-fold; first, to stop the train in the shortest possible distance 
when necessary; and secondly, to enable short, smooth and accurate 
stops in regular operation. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 213 

The Air Brake makes possible the hauling of heavier cars and 
longer^ trains; in fact, makes the heavy, high-tonnage train freight a 
possibility. 

The Air Brake makes possible faster and more frequent train 
service, as much, or more, than powerful locomotives, or a good road- 
bed, because train control is just as vital as tractive power. 

The Air Brakes are much more powerful than the locomotive 
that pulls the train. A heavy passenger locomotive requires 10 minutes 
in time and perhaps 6 miles in distance to develop energy that the 
train brakes will dissipate in 20 seconds and within a distance of from 
1,000 to 1,200 feet. 

The following comparison shows conditions affecting train control 
in the early days of the Air Brake and what is involved today in meeting 
the wonderful changes that have taken place in maximum weights of 
locomotives, and cars, train speeds, train frequencies, etc., changes 
which were made possible and practicable largely by the air brake. 

In 1869 In 1916 

Weight of locomotives on drivers 79,000 lbs. 730,000 lbs. 

Total weight of locomotives 90,000 lbs. 830,000 lbs. 

Light weight of freight cars 9,000 lbs. 62,000 lbs. 

Carrying capacity of freight cars 14,000 lbs. 180,000 lbs. 

Number of cars in freight trains 15 130 

Length of freight trains 450 feet 5,200 feet 

Carrving capacity of freight trains . . . 300 tons 7,000 tons 

Weight of passenger cars. 20,000 lbs. 175,000 lbs. 

Schedule speeds of passenger trains. . . 30 m. p. h. 60 m. p. h. 
Wilmerding, the home of the Air Brake, lies fifteen miles east of 
Pittsburgh on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and may be 
reached h}' trains leaving Pennsylvania Station at quite frequent 
intervals. Visitors are welcome and will be shown through the 
works of the Company between 8:00 A. M. and 5 P. M. Full infor- 
mation may be obtained from the Company's city office in the Westing- 
house Building, corner Anderson (Ninth street) and Penn avenue, 
Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Industrial Plants. — Just how Pittsburgh industry reaches out 
and establishes towns and extensive works is exemplified in several 
ways by two examples, first, 

Pittsburgh Steel Company, with general offices in Pittsburgh, 
Pa., and branch offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Duluth, 
Memphis, Dallas, and warehouses in principal shipping centers through- 
out the United States. The company's plants are located at Monessen 
and Glassport, Pa., in the Pittsburgh District and its iron ore. mines in 
Minnesota. The Monessen plant consists of blast furnaces, pig iron 
machines, basic Open Hearth steel furnaces, blooming mills, billet 
mills, rod mills, wire mills and finishing departments for completing 
the manufacture of their complete line of steel and wire products. 
The Glassport plant consists of finishing departments for the manufac- 
ture of steel hoops, steel bands and cotton ties. Products manufactured 



214 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

by Pittsburgh Steel Company under their "Pittsburgh Perfect" brand, 
and produced in their own furnaces and mills from the ore in their 
mines to the finished material, are as follows: Iron ore, pig iron, blooms, 
billets, wire rods, bright, annealed and galvanized smooth wire, barbed 
wire, hard spring coil wire, two-strand twisted cable wire, telephone 
wire, straightened and cut wire, bale ties, poultry netting staples, wire 
fence staples, regular and galvanized steel wire nails, smooth foundry 
and plaster board nails, steel hoops, steel bands, cotton ties, and "Pitts- 
burgh Perfect" electrically welded wire fencing; also electrically welded 
pipe-frame gates. Both Monessen and Glassport plants are reached by 
trains of the New York Central Lines, which leave Pittsburgh at the 
Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad depot. The Monessen plant can 
also be reached by the Pittsburgh-Charleroi interurban trolley line. 

West Pittsburgh and the Garland Industries. — Prominent in the 
industrial life of Pittsburgh is The Garland Corporation with its 
constituent interests, whose general offices are in the Bailey-Farrell 
Building at 523 Third avenue, corner of Ross street. The Garland 
Corporation is the sole owner of various corporations engaged actively 
in business. Their underlying companies are — 

The Safety- Armorite Interior Co., manufacturers of rigid steel 
and flexible steel conduits for electrical interior construction; the 
Garland Nut and Rivet Co., manufacturers of all styles and sizes of 
rivets, cold punched nuts and pump chain; Woodhouse, Bopp & Co., 
manufacturers of fancy dress and shirting silks, and the West Pittsburgh 
Realty Company, owners of many residences at West Pittsburgh, and 
that town's various utilities, lighting, water supply, etc. The various 
plants of the company are located at West Pittsburgh, on the Pitts- 
burgh & Lake Erie Railroad, and the Baltimore & Ohio's main line 
to Chicago. Visitors to the Garland enterprises are admitted upon 
permit secured from the general office of the corporation. The manu- 
facturing plants are on the stretch lying between the railroad and the 
river. The town proper lies at a slight elevation above the manufac- 
turing district. As East Pittsburgh is a comparatively recent community 
that has grown up with the vast Westinghouse interests centered there, 
so too, West Pittsburgh typifies the Garland Corporation industries, and 
the town building incidental to, and growing with their industries. 

Note that while East Pittsburgh is a near suburb of Pittsburgh 
proper, reached by trolley lines, and distant but twelve miles via the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, West Pittsburgh is in Lawrence County, 
nearly an hour's ride from Pittsburgh and distant from East Pittsburgh 
about 47 miles. West Pittsburgh in Lawrence County, is not to be 
confounded with West Pittsburgh Terrace. 

West Pittsburgh is a distinctively industrial town embodying 
all that is modern and essential to such towns, and it is not be considered 
an immediate suburb of Pittsburgh, though carrying the city's name. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 215 

CHAPTER XVIII 

Commercial Organizations 

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF PITTSBURGH 

Visitors to Pittsburgh are cordially invited to call at the rooms 
of the Chamber of Commerce, located on the sixteenth floor of the 
Keenan Building, Liberty avenue and Sandusky street, where this 
organization occupies the entire floor, and offers a splendid view in all 
directions of the City and its environs. The Chamber of Commerce is a 
business men's organization promoting the civic and commercial 
welfare of the City, as well as the State and Nation. 

The extensive activities of the Chamber in behalf of Pittsburgh 
are numerous. Prominent among them is the work of the Convention 
Bureau, now one of the most important lines of effort of the Chamber, 
benefiting all lines of business, both wholesale and retail. With the 
ample hotel facilities and the Mechanical Hall at the Exposition, 
adequately equipped for exhibit purposes, and the Music Hall as an 
auditorium for as many as 10,000 persons, Pittsburgh, the industrial 
center of the world, is attracting much interest throughout the country 
as a place for holding conventions. Already, the Convention Committee 
has booked a number of very important commercial organizations to 
hold their conventions in this City, and there are very good prospects 
of securing others for 1916 as well as 1917. 

The members of the Chamber of Commerce, acting together, 
are always on the alert to improve conditions affecting business and 
private life. During the sessions of the Pennsylvania Legislature 
nothing was left undone to secure the force of united action against 
destructive, and in behalf of constructive measures affecting corporation 
and private interests. 

The Traffic and Transportation Department of the Chamber of 
Commerce offers increased facilities for shippers and receivers of 
freight, adjustment of rates, co-operation between transportation 
interests and the shipping public and promoters of the welfare of both. 

The work of the Charities Endorsement and General Subscrip- 
tion Investigation Committee is becoming a valuable asset to business 
men who are daily solicited for contributions and subscriptions. It is 
the object of this special work to find out the merit of any solicitation 
and to protect those who are inclined to assist from being victimized. 



216 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

The Retail Merchants Association, recently organized by the 
Chamber, will in the new rooms find facilities for carrying on their 
work in behalf of the retail mercantile interests. 

The proposed establishment of a Wholesale Merchants Associ- 
ation, and other departments intended to give especial attention to the 
lines of interest to the various trades represented in the Chamber, will 
also find facilities for active work closely associated with the Chamber 
itself in their new quarters. 

After many years of effort the Chamber of Commerce will 
occupy, about April 1st, 1917, the entire second floor of the Chamber 
of Commerce Building. This will give about 20,000 square feet of 
floor space and enable provisions for an auditorium seating 500 persons, 
dining, lounging and club rooms and other features found in Chambers 
of Commerce in the leading cities of the country. 

New York, Boston, Cleveland, Detroit, and Cincinnati all have 
their Chamber of Commerce Buildings. All of them are a credit to the 
energy and enterprise of their leading business men. Pittsburgh's 
Chamber of Commerce Building with its accommodations will be 
second to none of these cities. The new home will be in keeping with 
the rank and position which this body now occupies among the members 
of the commercial organizations of the United States. The building 
will comport in dignity and character with the institution which it will 
house. The extensive activities of the Chamber in behalf of Pittsburgh 
and its surrounding suburbs will be promoted and stimulated through 
the accommodations and facilities the building will provide. (For 
cut of building see frontispiece.) 

Mr. D. P. Black is president of the Pittsburgh Chamber of 
Commerce, and Mr. Logan McKee, secretary. 

Boards of Trade. — In addition to the Chamber of Commerce as 
promoters of the industrial and mercantile interests of Pittsburgh 
there are Boards of Trade in different sections of the City, in the 
contiguous boroughs and surrounding towns. Chief among those in the 
City are the Pittsburgh Board of Trade, at 205 Shady avenue, East End, 
the Hill Top at Warrington and Arlington avenues, Allentown, the Up- 
town Board of Trade in the Fifth avenue wholesale district, The North 
Side, in the old Allegheny City Hall, at Ohio and Federal streets; the 
Lawrenceville; the Oakland; the Mt. Washington and Duquesne 
Heights, etc. These Boards aid also in civic improvements and are 
alive always to the presentation and enlargement of Pittsburgh's 
progress and Pittsburgh's fame. 

Business Associations : — A praiseworthy and admirable organi- 
zation of young business men of Pittsburgh banded together in a 
social way and working along "boosting" lines, is the Young Men's 
Business Club, of Pittsburgh which has its club rooms and headquarters 
on the tenth floor of the Keenan Building at Liberty avenue and Sandusky 
street (Seventh). It has a membership in "The Young Men's Busi- 
ness Clubs of America." Membership is limited to those between 
the ages of 21 and 38 years. Regular semi-monthly business meet- 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 217 

ings are held the 1st and 3rd Thursdays, also noon luncheons usually 
at the Fort Pitc Hotel, on which occasions men of local and national 
prominence deliver addresses. 

Retail Druggists Association. — The Western Pennsylvania 
Retail Druggists Association, Inc., has its offices in the Bessemer 
building at Federal street (Sixth) and Duquesne way. This associ- 
ation was organized in 1898. Its aims are to unite the pharmacists 
and druggists of Western Pennsylvania; 1st, to encourage the proper 
relationship between the druggists and the people. 2d, to encourage 
the study of the Science of Pharmacy by diffusing practical knowledge. 
3d, to protect honorable pharmacists from dishonorable men in the 
practice of their profession. Visitors interested in this line will find 
the secretary in attendance daily. 

Comfort Stations — See Public Comfort Stations. 

Commissions. — -The Pittsburgh Industrial Development Com- 
mission is a "Booster Organization" that has exerted its energies for the 
past five years. Organized for a three-year term in October, 1911, it 
still continues its activities, not having expended its net assets of over 
$140,000 raised by subscription, with the interest on the fund. The 
commission is composed of representative business and railroad men. 
It maintains its offices in the Farmers Bank Building. Through its 
efforts many new industrial plants have been located in the Pittsburgh 
district. It has established . six departments for carrying into effect 
its plans for industrial development. These are New Industrial 
Development, Publicity, Real Estate, Convention Bureau, Local 
Industrial Development and. Foreign Industrial Development. The 
United States Bureau of Commerce and Labor in an official report made 
by one of the Bureau's commercial agents in 1912, says: "This 
Commission appears to be the most practical and energetic commercial 
organization for the development of trade that has thus far been 
visited. It is deemed worthy of considerable space in a report. Al- 
though in existence but one year, the extent of its activities is 
surprising." 

In close touch with the Industrial Development Commission is 
the Foreign Trade Commission of Pittsburgh, which has adjoining 
offices in the Farmers Bank Building. This organization was established 
by the municipality and represents more than 2,000 manufacturers 
with a combined capital of $1,000,000,000. Its functions are to encour- 
age export and import business in the interest of Pittsburgh and no 
charge is made to anyone for its services. It is a clearing house associa- 
ation for all manufacturers and producers in the Pittsburgh District of 
any and all commodities, and no charges or commissions are exacted 
for orders received or for any service. Inquiries for any given com- 
modity are submitted to every manufacturer in the Pittsburgh district 
and the inquirer enjoys competitive quotations. The Commission has 
established an extensive Information bureau which will serve all 
inquirers with diversified information regarding Pittsburgh and Pitts- 



218 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

burgh products. Address The Foreign Trade Commission of Pitts- 
burgh, Farmers Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Cable address 
Fortracom, Pittsburgh. 

The Industrial Development and the Foreign Trade Commis- 
sions have a complete and adequate assortment of literature pertaining 
to their activities, and all these will be furnished free upon application. 

Pittsburgh Commercial Club. — Organized October 1, 1913. It 
aims to advertise Pittsburgh and bring to the knowledge of everyone 
its industries, business and people. 

To promote equitable principles of trade and foster business 
integrity. 

To advocate and obtain equitable freight and passenger rates 
by rail and river. 

To promote friendly dealings among its members. 

It has a traffic department quoting rates ; looks after reclassifi- 
cations, better freight deliveries, better passenger service, and all other 
aspects of the transportation problem. It has an annual exposition, 
discusses business and civic subjects at weekly luncheons. Keeps a 
watch on the proceedings of the Legislature. Encourages members to 
patronize one another in their trade dealings, and strives for the welfare 
of Pittsburgh, and its own members in every possible manner. It has 
a large membership of young, enterprising and pushing men. It 
plans and carries out a number of trade tours to towns within a radius 
of 70 miles of Pittsburgh. Headquarters at the Colonial Annex Hotel, 
Penn avenue and Federal street (old Sixth). 

The Rotary Club of Pittsburgh. — The club has a membership 
of over two hundred. Each member representing a distinct line of 
business or profession. It is affiliated with the International Associ- 
ation of Rotary Clubs and is annually represented at the International 
Convention. 

It is thoroughly cosmopolitan in character, and intended to 
promote friendly intercourse and acquaintance among men represent- 
ing every line of business endeavor, and interests itself in civic and 
charitable uplift wherever possible. 

On Wednesday at 12:15 P. M. the club meets for luncheon at 
the Fort Pitt Hotel, at which a fixed program is followed, either addresses 
by outside speakers on topics of current interest or talks by the members. 
This latter element constitutes an important line of the club's activity, as 
each member is given an opportunity and expected to address the club 
at some time or other along the lines of his own particular business. 

The club maintains permanent headquarters at 619-20 Park 
Building, telephone Grant 800, Mr. James O. Corbett, being employed 
as Secretary, in charge of headquarters. 

The Pittsburgh Club cordially extends an invitation to all 
visiting Rotarians to come to headquarters and if possible attend the 
weekly luncheon. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



219 



Credit Men's Association. — The Pittsburgh Credit Men's 
Association are members of the National Association of Credit Men. 
The Association was organized for protective and educational purposes; 
to combine the intelligence and influence of members for protection 
against imposition and fraud; to agitate and effect changes in the laws 
of the various States and the United States to the end of uniformity of 
statutes, and protection of creditors against the abuses now prevalent; 
to punish commercial fraud whenever legally possible; to bring about 
mutual improvement with the trade, and to establish closer ties of 
business association, to the end that the welfare of all may be more 
highly conserved. The National Association has a membership of 
almost 20,000 of the country's foremost business houses. The Pitts- 
burgh Association has approximately a membership of 1,000. Head- 
quarters are in the Renshaw Building, corner of Liberty avenue and 
Anderson street (old Ninth). 




SYRIA TEMPLE, SCHENLEY FARMS 



CHAPTER XIX 

General Information 

Apartments, Y. M. C. A., Institutions, etc. 

Sunday Observance — Visitors remaining in Pittsburgh over 
Sunday will do well to remember there are no places of 
amusement open and no Sunday base ball or other sports. Bars 
are all closed and through the week are closed between 11:45 
P. M. and 5:00 A. M. The Central Carnegie Library in Schenley 
Park has the Reference, Technology and Periodical Rooms open 
Sundays from 2 to 6 P. M., and there is a free organ recital 
in the Music Hall of the same building Sunday afternoons be- 
ginning at 4:00 o'clock. The Carnegie Museum and Art Galleries 
also in this Library building, are open Sundays. The branch libraries 
are closed on Sundays. The North Side Library, or the Carnegie Free 
Library of Allegheny, at Federal and Ohio streets, is open from 1 to 
9:45 P. M. Reference to holiday library hours will be noted under the 
head Libraries, in proper place. See page 103. 

The Phipps Conservatories in Schenley and West Parks are 
open on Sundays and always worth visiting. 

Apartment Houses. — To this style of residence Pittsburgh can 
truly "point with pride." Worthy of especial mention are the Alder 
Court Apartments at Alder and Emerson streets, Shadyside; the 
Bellefield Dwellings at Center and Bellefield avenue; The Iroquois, 
occupying the block on Forbes street between Meyran avenue and 
Atwood street; The D'Arlington at Bayard and Neville streets, and 
The King Edward, at Bayard and Melwood streets. These are 
worthy of inspection, the King Edward acknowledged to be of high 
rank in this line of architecture. The Model Flats erected by Henry 
Phipps at Reedsdale and Scotland streets, North Side, attract much 
attention as being near his boyhood home and as part of his large 
holdings in Pittsburgh 

Arcades — See under buildings. 

Armories — The Fourteenth Regiment, National Guard of 
Pennsylvania, has been disbanded as an infantry organization, and its 
arm of service changed to artillery. The Armory of these new batter- 
ies is at Penn avenue and Station street, East Liberty. The Armory 
of Hampton Battery B, National Guard, is on Emerson street, near 
Alder, in the Shadyside district. The Signal Troops, Wire Company 
A, National Guard, have their headquarters and chief station at 331 
Bailey avenue, Mt. Washington, adjoining the Castle Shannon 

220 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



221 



Incline's^ upper station. Cavalry Troop H, National Guard, is now 
located in the Schenley Riding Academy, No. 4730 Bayard street, 
Shadyside. The headquarters of this troop were, until lately, in Cora- 
opolis. 

Eighteenth Regiment Armory, N. G. P. — In the remarkable 
group of buildings that grace the Schenley Farms Tract in the Bellefield 
district of the City, the Armory of the Eighteenth Regiment occupies 
a conspicuous place. This building was completed and occupied in 
March, 1911, and is a State institution. Its total cost was $338,169.00. 
The style of architecture is modern, stone, brick and marble largely 
used in its construction. It is open to visitors every day from 2 to 5 
P. M. and on Monday, Tuesday and Thursday evenings of each week 
from 8 to 11. The hours of regular drills are on Monday, Tuesday 
and Thursday evenings from 8 to 11. The Armory is occupied by 
twelve companies of the Regiment, the Band and Headquarters. 
Various club features are provided for the enjoyment of the men, 
which include an assembly hall for dances, bowling alleys, billiard and 
pool tables, indoor gymnasium, shower baths and an indoor rifle room. 
There is a library, lounging and reading rooms, with piano, books and 
periodicals furnished as part of the armory for the enlightenment and 
education of the men. 




EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT ARMORY 
SCHENLEY FARMS 



222 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

The Eighteenth Regiment is distinctly a Pittsburgh organiza- 
tion that has represented the City in three wars in which the country 
was engaged. It originated as an independent military company, 
which was organized on September 5th, 1831, under the title of the 
Duquesne Greys. This Company served during the Mexican War 
in the United States service as Company "K," First Pennsylvania 
Volunteers. Under President Lincoln's first call for volunteers in 
1861, the "Greys" again enlisted and served as Company "B," 
Twelfth Pennsylvania Volunteers in the three months' service in that 
year, after which the men were scattered in various organizations 
furnished by the State of Pennsylvania, many of them becoming 
officers. After the war, the Company re-entered the State and shortly 
after its re-organization was increased to a Battalion of three and later 
to a Battalion of five Companies. In this form, the "Greys" continued 
until December 27, 1867, when it was increased to a regiment of eight 
companies, and finally designated as the Eighteenth Infantry, Duquesne 
Greys, National Guard of Pennsylvania, in which form it has continued 
in the service of the State. It took part in the Spanish American War 
in 1898. 

The Armory is at the corner of Thackeray and O'Hara streets, 
best reached by Routes 75 and 76 to Thackeray street. 

ASSOCIATIONS 

Y. M. G. A.— The Central Y. M. C. A. building is at Penn 
avenue and Sandusky street (Seventh). The organization of the 
xA.ssociation in Pittsburgh dates from 1854. The Central building was 
erected in 1884 and the grounds and structure cost $100,000. The Pitts- 
burgh Association was incorporated July 8, 1869. Evening classes for 
young men are open in many studies, including commercial law, the 
sciences, modern language, mathematics, bookkeeping, stenography, 
etc. Lectures and noonday meetings are held throughout the year. 
There is a gymnasium and reading room in the building, but no sleeping 
rooms. The building is in the heart of the downtown business section. 

The East Liberty Branch is at 122 Whitfield street. This 
branch was organized in June, 1874. The present building has 
been occupied since March, 1910. The value of the property is $400,000. 
The dormitory facilities are sufficient to accommodate 100 men. There 
is a swimming pool 25 x 60 feet and a gymnasium 60 x 78 feet. The 
regular features of the Y. M. C. A. educational work are carried out at 
this branch the same as in all large cities. Whitfield street is between 
Beatty street and Highland avenue. Penn avenue Routes 88 and 
91 from downtown are preferable to reach. The building is in the 
first block south of Penn avenue. 

Other branches are at Forty-fifth and Butler streets ; the Center 
avenue branch 1847 Center avenue; the Homewood-Brushton branch, 
with Community Boys work, at 618 North Home wood avenue and the 
Hilltop branch at Virginia and Zara streets, Knoxville. On the 
North Side there is a boy's branch at 203 East Stockton avenue. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 223 

The boroughs of Avalon, Bellevue, Ben Avon and Emsworth maintain 
a branch at 501 Lincoln avenue, Bellevue. Sharpsburg and Etna 
together have a flourishing branch. Another is in the city of McKees- 
port at Shaw and Locust streets. For the especial benefit of railroad 
men, branches are maintained in the City at Twenty-eighth street, at 
the foot of Forty-third street, and at Pitcairn for the Pennsylvania 
Railroad and its subsidiaries reaching those points, and at 2849 Sarah 
street, South Side, for the Monongahela Division. The Pittsburgh 
& Lake Erie men are cared for in the branch that is housed in the 
passenger station at McKees Rocks on that line. Two boroughs 
farther away, Coraopolis and Sewickley, have well established branches, 
the former at State and Null streets, Coraopolis, and the latter borough's 
on Blackburn avenue. The Wilmerding branch is at Margarite and 
Bluff streets, in that town. 

The City branches can be reached via the trolley lines mentioned 
in the descriptions of the different sections of the City. See ' ' Pitts- 
burgh's Districts Located and Defined." Trolley Routes 82 and 
83 pass the Center avenue branch. The Forty-third street Railroad 
branch is in Lawrenceville. Out-of-town branches in the contiguous 
boroughs will be reached on the trolley lines or steam lines reaching the 
boroughs as the visitor may prefer. Coraopolis and Sewickley on 
Route 23, and the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie and Pennsylvania 
Lines West, respectively; Wilmerding by Routes 63 and 87, and 
the Pennsylvania Railroad mail line. McKeesport by Route 56, 
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and by the Pittsburgh, McKeesport 
& Youghiogheny Railroad from the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie station. 

Astronomical Works. — The astronomical instrument works 
of the John A. Brashear Company, Limited, are at 1954 Perrysville 
avenue, North Side, reached by cars on Routes 8 and 9. The 
works adjoin the former buildings of the University of Pittsburgh. 
Dr. Brashear, founder of the works, has recently been honored by 
the State of Pennsylvania as the "First Citizen of the State." As 
an instrument maker in the line mentioned and as an astronomer 
and lecturer his fame is world wide. 

Banks and Banking — There are 21 National Banks and 55 
State Banks and Trust Companies in Pittsburgh. Most of the sur- 
rounding towns and contiguous boroughs have banks. These and the 
banks of the City of McKeesport are represented in the Pittsburgh 
Clearing House. Fourth avenue has been called the Wall street, of 
Pittsburgh on account of the many banking institutions on that 
thoroughfare between Market and Smithfield streets. Fifth avenue 
and Wood street have some also. Banks housed in buildings of the 
skyscraper class are the First-Second National, at Fifth avenue and 
Wood street; The Farmers Deposit National, on the opposite corner; 
the Union National and Commonwealth Trust Company, at Wood and 
Fourth avenue; the Peoples Savings Bank, on the opposite corner; 
and the Diamond National at Liberty and Fifth avenues. The build- 
ings of the Dollar Savings Bank, the Union Trust Company, Duquesne 



224 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



National, and the Bank of Pittsburgh, National Association, are low 
structures of imposing architecture and pleasing in effect. The 
Pittsburgh Clearing House Association has its headquarters in the 
Bank of Pittsburgh, and is composed of fifteen National Banks of the 
City. In the East End, the East End Savings and Trust Company 
at Penn and Highland avenues, and the City Deposit Bank at 
Penn and Center avenues have fine buildings. Also the German 




BANK OF PITTSBURGH 

Savings and Deposit Bank at Carson and South Fourteenth streets, 
the Dollar Savings and Trust Company and the Second National Bank 
of Allegheny on Federal street, North Side. The annual clearings of 
the Pittsburgh Clearing House are nearly $3,000,000,000. 

Braddock's Field and Battleground. — The ground on which 
the British General, Edward Braddock, met his disastrous defeat, July 
13, 1755, is in the boroughs of Braddock and North Braddock, the 
main action having been fought about the site of the Pennsylvania 
station. Braddock's army forded the Monongahela river from the 
south shore, just above Kennywood Park, and marched to the battle- 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 225 

field over the ground now occupied by the great furnaces and the 
Edgar Thomson Steel Works of the Carnegie Steel Company. Accurate 
surveys of the battlefields were made some years ago by the engineers, 
of the Steel Company, and blue prints from their maps can be exam- 
ined in the Carnegie Libraries in Pittsburgh, Braddock, Homestead 
and Duquesne. Braddock is reached by trains on the Pennsylvania, 
Baltimore and Ohio, and Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroads, and by 
trolley lines on Routes 55, 64, 65, 67 and 80. 

BUILDINGS 

Arcades. — The principal arcades in Pittsburgh are the Jenkins, 
the Fifth Avenue and the Union Arcade, the latter now under construc- 
tion (1916). The completion of the Jenkins Arcade marked an achieve- 
ment in commercial architecture that was new to Pittsburgh. The 
growth of the arcade or retail business structures has been slow in 
Pittsburgh. 

The Jenkins is the largest and most elaborate. It is an enormous 
building at the foot of Fifth avenue in the heart of the business district. 
Beneath its roof, there are 950 offices and 102 storerooms. All the 
storerooms are located on the first three floors and front on a public 
thoroughfare of the Arcade, and many of them have the advantage of 
both ends. Great throngs use it for passage to the four thoroughfares 
that bound it. The building has a frontage of 150 feet on Liberty ave- 
nue, 240 feet on Penn avenue, 240 feet on Fifth avenue and 112 feet on 
Stanwix street. Many car lines pass the building, and some of the 
interurban lines. 

The building was completed in 1911. Previously, the site was 
occupied by the mammoth wholesale grocery warehouse, originally 
built in 1886 by the late Thomas C. Jenkins, but entirely consumed by 
fire in 1897. 

The architecture of the building is superb and the illumination 
of it is modern and beautiful. On the first floor are stores, restau- 
rants and the wide elevator entrance, and on the second and third 
floors, the shops spaced about in full view of the Arcade. The columns, 
arches, and panels, with their handsome finish of pure white vitrolite 
and the broad floors of marble, form an impressive setting for the busi- 
ness establishments that line these great corridors. This scene of 
business activity in a setting of architectural perfection is most impressive 
and indicative of the onward march of progress. All floors are reached by 
large elevators, ten passenger and three freight. The building through- 
out is splendidly lighted and ventilated. 

In figures, the building contains more than ten acres of floor 
space. It has its own water supply, ice-making, cooling and ventilating 
plant, and it requires 13 elevators to serve the several thousand occu- 
pants of its stores and offices and their customers. Rest rooms, tele- 
graph offices, express offices and telephone exchanges are provided for 
the use of the public. Above the third floor are the office floors, 



226 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

single or [en suite. Professional men, ladies' tailors, men's tailors, 
publishers and artists are located here, and there are also music 
studios. There are also quartered in the building_ some club societies 
and federations, making in all a wonderful community. 

The Jenkins Building extends to Stanwix street on Penn avenue 
and along that street towards Liberty avenue, adjoins the Arcade 
Building and is connected with it. This is a new modern building 
occupied by stores downstairs around the first floor and offices 
upstairs. Visitors to the Arcade and Jenkins Office Building are 
always welcome. The Jenkins Arcade is a storied town — that anyone 
is welcome to come in and inspect, take the elevators to the upper 
floors and examine the beauties and benefits of the modern Arcade 
building. 

The interurban cars to Butler, Harmony and New Castle pass the 
building, also the Butler Short Line. The former on Liberty avenue 
and the latter on Penn avenue. The West End cars turn from Penn 
avenue into Stanwix street and into Liberty avenue. These are 
numbered Routes Nos. 23 to 35 inclusive. ' Perrysville avenue 
cars to the North Side pass on the Liberty avenue side, and 
the Emsworth, the Avalon and the Bellevue-West View lines pass 
Penn avenue points. These are Routes 8, 9, 13, 14, and 15 in 
the order named. From Penn avenue turning into Fifth are Routes 
79 and 92; and from. Fifth avenue into Penn — the inside loops of 
these cars — 91 and 92 — the former proceeding up Fifth avenue 
and the latter two out Penn avenue. . On the Penn avenue front 
there are also the Manchester lines, Routes 18, 19 and 20. 

Fifth Avenue Arcade. — This is a large stone structure. The 
main entrance is at 232 Fifth avenue, with an ell to Drummond street 
(formerly Masters Way), and an entrance also from Diamond street 
to the ell. This was the first building utilized for Arcade purposes, 
which is still continued. There are numerous stores and a moving pic- 
ture theatre in this Arcade. There is also a restaurant feature, a lunch 
counter running the full length of the Fifth avenue entrance on both 
sides. 

Union Arcade at Fifth avenue and Grant street, opposite the 
Frick building and diagonally opposite the Allegheny County Court 
House. This Arcade, the property of Mr. Henry C. Frick. 

OFFICE BUILDINGS 

The block on the north side of Smithfield street from Oliver 
avenue to Sixth avenue is occupied by the Henry W. Oliver Building, 
owned by the estate of Henry W. Oliver. This is one of the magnificent 
buildings of the the City, and was erected in 1909. It fronts 120 feet 
on Oliver avenue, 212 feet on Smithfield street, 110 feet on Sixth 
avenue; 348 feet high from sidewalk to cornice, 25 stories above the 
street and two basements; the building contains 1160 offices above 
the first floor; 14 passenger and two freight elevators. On the Smith- 
field street frontage on the first floor, are various offices of leading 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



227 




FRICK BUILDING 








l ^]!aSeM*3i 



,*** 



FARMERS BANK BUILDING 



*» A # 6 




OLIVER BUILDING 



228 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

railroad systems, that of the Pennsylvania Railroad at the Sixth 
avenue corner, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at the Oliver 
avenue corner. There are entrances from each street, the main from 
Smithfield street. On the fourth floor are temporarily found the 
Mayor's office, and other executive offices of the City of Pittsburgh. 

One of the most beautiful and elaborately finished of Pittsburgh's 
"skyscrapers" is that of the Farmers Deposit National Bank, at the 
southeast corner of Fifth avenue and Wood street, in the heart of the 
downtown business district and at the intersection of two of the most 
thronged streets in the City. This building is 327 feet high, of 24 
stories and fronts 120 feet on Fifth avenue and 140 feet on Wood street. 
It contains 619 office rooms from the second to the twenty-fourth 
floor. The first floor is exclusively for the purposes of the bank. The 
Farmers Bank is one of the oldest institutions in the City, founded in 
1832. 

Frick Building. — This magnificent structure, owned by and 
named for Henry Clay Frick, occupies the block bounded by Fifth 
avenue, Grant street, Diamond street and Scrip alley, the front on 
Grant street facing the Allegheny County Court House. The Frick 
Building is esteemed one of America's finest buildings. It was 
erected in 1900-01; is twenty-five stories high; the halls finished in 
white marble, and the woodwork mahogany; the stained glass window 
on the first floor at the rear of the main entrance is one of the master- 
pieces of the late John La Farge, and attracts much attention. The 
building has had a story made visible by the cutting of the street 
grades in the vicinity. The building houses the offices of many large 
industrial concerns, and many lawyers. The Frick Annex adjoins 
on Diamond street, connected by a bridge over Scrip alley at the 
fourteenth floor. The Carnegie Building is immediately below, on 
Fifth avenue, connected with the Annex by bridges. The Union 
Arcade building is across Fifth avenue, on the former site of St. Paul's 
Roman Catholic Cathedral. This building is also owned by Mr. 
Frick. 

The May Building is at the corner of Fifth and Liberty avenues. 
It has been recently erected - and has become one of the prominent 
buildings of the City. It is twelve stories high, of fire-proof steel 
frame construction, and granite, terra cotta and light colored vitrified 
brick exterior. It follows the lines popular in store, loft and office 
buildings in New York City, and is of the highest class throughout. 
It fronts 1123^2 feet on Fifth avenue, 313^ feet on Liberty avenue and 
has a floor area of 3,500 square feet on each floor and the freight 
entrance and freight elevator are in the rear from an alley. The 
entrance lobby is from Fifth avenue, this is finished in white Italian 
marble of classic design. The first and second floors have display 
windows. The building is modern and especially designed for an office 
building. 

The Terminal Warehouses. — Business men visiting here will 
by greatly interested in the mammoth buildings of perfect fireproof 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 229 

construction known as the Terminal Warehouses, at Carson, Third 
and Fourth streets and the Monongahela River, South Side. This 
system accommodates forty wholesale houses in a series of seven-story 
units and so arranged that every consignment and shipment can be 
received and made under the one station roof. These warehouses are 
a unique feature of Pittsburgh's commercial development. They are 
owned by the Pittsburgh Terminal Warehouse & Transfer Company. 
The entrance to this city of business houses, all of a wholesale nature, 
is through Terminal way, a 48 foot paved street leading from Carson 
street. Railway connections, elevators, trackage and platforms, 
cold storage and other features must be seen to be fully awake to the 
conveniences and advantages of this group of buildings. They are 
but ten minutes walk from the Baltimore & Ohio Station on Water 
street and five from the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Station, or Carson 
street cars — Routes 50 and 51, to Terminal way, can be taken. 

Chamber of Commerce Building.— The Chamber of Commerce 
has leased for a long term the entire second floor of the George T. 
Oliver building at Smithfield street and Seventh avenue, the building 
to be known as the Chamber of Commerce Building. For the 
Chamber's uses there will be an auditorium seating 500 persons, a 
separate stairway to the second floor, dining, lounging and club rooms 
and other features found in chambers of commerce in the leading cities 
of the country. Provision for social activities are given special atten- 
tion in the plans. There are to be committee rooms, small dining 
rooms, a large general office and private offices for officials and direc- 
tors in addition to the auditorium and main dining room. The build- 
ing will be ready for occupancy April 1, 1917. 

Other Large Office Buildings. — Among these may be enumer- 
ated the Union Bank, and the Commonwealth Trust on Fourth avenue 
and Wood street; the Keenan, at Liberty avenue and Sandusky street 
(Seventh); the First National Bank, at Fifth avenue and Wood street; 
the Bank for Savings, at Smithfield and Fourth avenue; the Park, 
at Fifth avenue and Smithfield street, downtown; the High- 
land Building, at Penn and Highland avenues, East Liberty. There 
are others down town worthy of mention also — the Arrott, Hartje, 
Diamond National Bank, Wabash, Empire, Peoples Bank, Benedum- 
Trees, B. F. Jones, Century, Westinghouse, etc., all modern and con- 
venient; types of the best architecture of the age. 

THE MASONIC TEMPLE. 

The Masonic Temple of Pittsburgh was erected by the Masonic 
Fund Society. In 1849 this society was organized to provide a home 
for the Masonic Fraternity in this City. Previously the various 
Masonic bodies located here had met in different places. Sometimes 
in buildings owned by one or more bodies, and again in buildings 
held under lease. Property was purchased on Fifth avenue, between 
Wood and Smithfield streets in 1849, and the Masonic Hall was erected 



230 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



and occupied in 1851. Fire destroyed this building in 1887. Free- 
mason's Hall was erected on the same site and occupied in 1889. The 
growth of the craft was such that larger quarters were necessary, which 
led to the erection of the Temple. 




MASONIC TEMPLE 

3? 7 : .- The Temple is 200 feet in length and 120 feet in depth. It stands 
on -a plot with a frontage of 240 feet on Fifth avenue, 454 feet on 
Tennyson avenue, and 454 feet on Lytton avenue. It is 50 feet back 
of the building line on Fifth avenue, and in the rear there is land 284 
feet in depth to provide for further growth. Its total cost was $1,500,- 
000 to which the decorating will add considerably. 

The first floor is arranged for the social features inseparable 
from the workings of the Fraternity. Back of the stately foyer are the 
dining room, and two reception rooms. The offices of the Masonic 
Fund Society and of the Ancient Accepted Scottish 'Rite are also on 
this floor. 

On the second floor are Corinthian hall and Gothic hall. Cor- 
inthian hall is the meeting place of four Chapters Royal Arch Masons, 
and the Council of Royal and Select Masters. Gothic hall is the meet- 
ing place of three Commanderies, Knights Templar. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 231 

The third floor is the Blue Lodge home, and is subdivided into 
four halls, Ionic, Doric, Tudor and Egyptian. Fifteen Blue Lodges 
and the School of Instruction meet on this floor. 

The fourth floor is devoted entirely to the Ancient Accepted 
Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, the four bodies comprising the Rite 
being the Lodge of Perfection, the Council of Princes of Jersualem, the 
Chapter of Rose-Croix, and the Consistory. The larger apartment is 
built on the lines of a theatre. The lower floor will seat 648 persons and 
the balcony 548 persons. The stage has a width of 53 feet, a depth of 
41 feet, and a height of 20 feet at the proscenium arch. It is as com- 
pletely fitted up as the most modern theatre, and the electric lighting 
system designed to control the stage effects is in advance of anything 
ever before attempted in Pittsburgh. The Moeller organ built for the 
Rite at an expense of $12,500 is installed in this apartment. In the 
west end of this floor is a hall 50 by 62 feet which will be used for the 
ordinary meetings of the Scottish Rite bodies. 

While the building is divided into four main floors, in fact it is 
an eight-storied structure with a modern basement. In the latter there 
are billiard rooms, bowling alleys and a gymnasium, which in all proba- 
bility will be placed in the care and charge of a Masonic Club composed 
of those who hold membership in the Masonic bodies meeting in the 
Temple. The kitchen with a capacity for serving 2,500 guests and the 
machinery rooms are also located there. 

On each of the floors is a mezzanine. That on the first floor 
entirely surrounds the dining room and refreshments are frequently 
served here. The Masonic library is on this mezzanine and apart- 
ments have been- reserved for the Masonic museum. The second 
floor mezzanine is used for the lockers in which the individual equip- 
ment of the Knights Templar are kept. The Blue Lodge mezzanine 
is used for a hat and cloak room for members of the lodges. The 
Consistory mezzanine opens into the balcony of the Consistory theatre 
and makes an admirable upper foyer. 

The Temple is reached on Routes Nos. 75 and 76 on Fifth 
avenue to Thackeray avenue, and Routes Nos. 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 
71, 72, 73, 79 and 80 to Bellefield avenue. Go north on Bellefield one 
block, or to the left from Forbes street. Routes Nos. 91, Bloomfield, 
and 92, Shady avenue, Coming in Forbes street, are available also. 

Bureau of Employment. — A branch of the Bureau of the 
Department of Labor and Industry, of Pennsylvania, has been opened 
in Pittsburgh — Room 808 Hartje Building, at Wood street and First 
avenue. Through this bureau's employment agency, employers and 
unemployed workers in Western Pennsylvania are kept in direct touch 
with labor conditions throughout the State. The Pittsburgh branch 
also investigates complaints against private employment agencies. 
The Pittsburgh employment agency is the fourth founded by the State. 
The others are at Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Johnstown. 



232 Pittsburgh, How To See It 



Cemeteries. — The principal cemeteries of the City are the 
Allegheny, Homewood, and on the North Side, Uniondale and High- 
wood. The principal cemeteries under the auspices of the Roman 
Catholic Church are St. Mary's in Lawrenceville at Penn avenue and 
Forty-fifth street, and Calvary Cemetery at the head of Hazel wood 
avenue in that district. The main entrance of the Allegheny Ceme- 
tery is at Forty-eighth and Butler streets. There is also an entrance 
on Penn avenue between Pearl and Edmond streets. The Homewood 
Cemetery is at Dallas and Irwin avenues, with an entrance also at 
Forbes street and Dallas avenue. Uniondale Cemetery is on the 
Brighton Road on the North Side, and Highwood on the same road 
farther out. There are numerous smaller cemeteries, among them 
the South Side Cemetery on the Brownsville road in Carrick, and 
Mount Lebanon Cemetery beyond the South Hills. There are also a 
number of church cemeteries, and the different suburban towns have 
cemeteries, such as Sewickley; the Monongahela at Braddock, and 
Woodlawn at Wilkinsburg. 

The Allegheny Cemetery is reached by Butler street lines, 
Routes 93 to 96 inclusive, to the Butler street entrance, and 
Penn avenue Routes 88, 91 and 92 to the cemetery gate. Home- 
wood Cemetery is reached by Route 75 to Penn and Dallas avenues 
and Routes 63, 64, 65, 66 and 67 to the cemetery gate at Forbes 
street and Dallas avenue. St. Mary's is reached by the same lines 
on Penn avenue as the Allegheny, to Forty-sixth street and Penn 
avenue. Calvary Cemetery is reached by Second avenue Routes 
55, 56 and 57 to Hazel wood avenue and Forbes street, Routes 
68 and 80 to Greenfield avenue and Route 58 via Greenfield 
to Murray and Hazelwood avenues. Uniondale and Highwood 
Cemeteries are reached by Brighton Road cars, Route 6. The 
South Side Cemetery by Carrick cars, Routes 46 and 53. Mount 
Lebanon Cemetery is reached by Tunnel cars on Route No. 38 
which pass the gate, and Beechview line, Route 42, which stops within 
two blocks. 

Allegheny and Homewood cemeteries are counted most beautiful 
burial places, and to those who wish to visit the "Cities of the Dead," 
they are recommended as comparing with any other cemeteries in the 
country for beauty of landscape and floriculture, and the number and 
imposing character of the monuments and mausoleums. 

CLUBS. 

Pittsburgh has many clubs of many kinds, social, athletic, 
country, golf, canoe, political, womens', etc. The leading men's 
clubs in the social way are the Duquesne, the Pittsburgh, the 
Concordia, the Columbus, the University and the Bellefield. 

The club house of the Duquesne Club — "the millionaire's 
club" — is on Sixth avenue, opposite the First Presbyterian Church 
and Trinity P. E. Church. This is the exclusive men's club of the 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 233 

City and its handsome brownstone club house will appeal to visitors 
as solid and substantial, typical of the club and prosperity. The Pitts- 
burgh Club has its home at No. 425 Penn avenue. The Columbus 
Club is at Bellefield avenue and Fillmore street and is the Catholic 
club of Pittsburgh. The University Club, the membership limited to 
college and university graduates, has its 'club house on the Grant 
boulevard, adjoining the imposing and spacious building of the Pitts- 
burgh Athletic Association at the corner of Fifth avenue and the 
boulevard. The Americus Republican Club with its club house at 
Penn avenue and Fancourt street (Fourth), and the Young Men's 
Republican Tariff Club, with its club rooms at Fifth avenue and 
Grant street, are the leading political organizations. Of the country 
clubs, the one called "The Country Club," whose handsome club 
house and beautiful grounds are on Beechwood boulevard, is the largest 
and best known. The Allegheny Country Club has its buildings and 
grounds at Sewickley. The Oakmont Country Club is at Hulton in 
that borough and the Westmoreland Country Club at Verona. Then 
there are also the Bellevue, the Mt. Lebanon, the Ben Avon the 
Pittsburgh Field Clubs, and the Pittsburgh Golf Club. 

Downtown the Pittsburgh Press Club is cosily domiciled in its 
own home at 542 Fourth avenue. The Pittsburgh Architectural 
Club is in the Bank for Savings Building at Smithfield street and 
Fourth avenue. 

The Concordia Club, the exclusive Jewish organization, has its 
magnificent home at Natalie and O'Hara streets, Schenley Park. Pitts- 
burgh Commercial Club, a wonderful working organization of business 
men, has rooms in the Colonial Annex Hotel at Federal street and 
Penn avenue. The Civic Club of Allegheny County meets in the 
Keenan Building at Liberty avenue and Sandusky street (Seventh). 
The Masonic Temple Club in the Temple at Fifth and Lytton avenues. 
On the North Side the Temple Club meets in the Masonic building at 
North avenue and Reddour street. 

The Automobile Club of Pittsburgh has headquarters at No 
5905 Baum boulevard in the East End. 

The Pittsburgh and Allegheny Driving Club has its club house 
and driving park on Brunot's Island. The social organizations named 
from animals and conducted as lodges may be esteemed great clubs, 
as they are in a manner clublike in their attitude to members. Pitts- 
burgh has two fine structures devoted to such purposes ; the new homes 
but recently completed, of the "Elks" at Duquesne way and Sandusky 
street (Seventh), and the "Moose" at 628-630 Penn avenue. There 
is also the "Eagle's" at 431 Third avenue. 

The German Club of Pittsburgh holds its sessions and main- 
tains quarters at No. 222 Craft avenue, Oakland, and there are various 
German singing societies and turn-vereins about town. Of the latter, 
the Central Turn-Verein, the largest and wealthiest, their building at 
Thackeray and O'Hara streets, in the Schenley Farms district. 



234 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

There are camping, hunting, fishing, boating, motor boat, 
canoe, sportsmen and golf clubs, all with adequate and fitting quarters, 
all with telephone, service and alphabetically listed and located in the 
yellow pages of the telephone directories, which are easily accessible 
in all public telephone booths, to which books reference is directed. 
There are over 250 clubs in the Pittsburgh District. 

The principal women's clubs are noted in this book under the 
head, "Women's Associations and Activities," which see. 

The Allegheny River is much used by canoe enthusiasts and 
there are many clubs about Oakmont and Verona. Chief among these 
is the Tippy Canoe Club which occupies a handsome two and one-half 
story brick building at Glenover-on-the-Allegheny, ten miles from the 
heart of the City on the Conemaugh Division of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad and the Allegheny Valley electric line. The present club 
house was erected in 1912 and is one of the most beautiful of its kind 
in the country. 

Pittsburgh Architectural Club. — The club was organized in 
October, 1896, and incorporated May, 1900, its avowed purpose being 
the advancement of architecture and the allied arts, and its membership 
limited to practicing architects, architectural draughtsmen and artists. 
Club rooms are maintained by the club at 345 Fourth avenue, in the 
Bank for Savings Building, and there at the present time, the organiza- 
tion conducts a school, or atelier, for instruction in design, of those 
who do not care to take up the complete course of work at the Carnegie 
Institute of Technology. The school is carried on under the auspices 
of the Society of Beaux Arts of New York, and is one of their duly 
authorized ateliers. The Exhibition is held each year, generally in 
December, in the galleries of the Carnegie Institute, and an illustrated 
catalogue is issued simultaneously. The rooms of the Club are open to 
visiting architects. The office is open in the evenings until IIP. M. 

Pittsburgh Chess Club — Meets 410 Magee Building, Fourth 
avenue, near Smithfield street. Out of town chess players are wel- 
come at the club rooms during their visits. Rooms always open. 
Special club night ensuring large attendance Monday evenings. Resi- 
dent chess players are solicited for membership. Dues $12 the year. 

Distances. — A few only will be given with Fifth avenue and 
Smithfield street as a starting point. To the Oakland district it is 
two miles ; to Schenley Farms, Park and Central Library two and one- 
half miles; to East Liberty four miles; Homestead, five miles; Wilkins- 
burg, six miles; Braddock, seven miles; to the West Park, North 
Side, one and one-half miles; to the Observatory and Riverview Park, 
three miles; to Allegheny Cemetery, three miles; to Homewood 
Cemetery, five miles; to Grandview Park, Mt. Washington, one mile; 
to West End, two miles (to park); to the Filtration Plant, six miles; 
to McKees Rocks, four miles; and West View Park, five miles. These 
are air line distances with Municipal Hall as the center point of a 
circle. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 235 

Duquesne — A name that has come down from the French oc- 
cupation of Western Pennsylvania, pronounced as though spelled Du- 
Kane — accent on last syllable. 

Express Offices. — Three express companies operate in Pitts- 
burgh: Adams, American and Wells Fargo Co. The main office of 
the Adams is at 909 Liberty avenue. It maintains offices in East 
Liberty and Homewood, and at the Pennsylvania Station at Liberty 
avenue and Eleventh street; also in Wilkinsburg, and in all the large 
towns in the Pittsburgh district along the lines of the Pennsylvania 
system. 

The American Express has its main office at 725 Liberty avenue, 
opposite Wood street. It also maintains an office in the Pittsburgh 
and Lake Erie Station at the south end of the Smithfield street bridge, 
and in all the towns along that railroad and its branches, in other 
words the New York Central Lines, and on the Buffalo, Rochester 
and Pittsburgh Railroad. In the East End the American Express 
office is at No. 101 Shady avenue. 

Wells Fargo & Co.'s general office is at No. 805 Liberty avenue, 
between Eighth and Anderson streets (Ninth). It also maintains 
offices at the Baltimore and Ohio Station at Smithfield and Water 
streets, the Wabash Station at Liberty avenue and Ferry street, and 
the Baltimore and Ohio Station formerly the Pittsburgh and Western 
Railroad, at River avenue and Anderson street, North Side. The 
Wells Fargo 's East End office is at Sheridan avenue and Kirkland 
street. 

Each company has an office in McKeesport. The business of 
the National Express Company is transacted by the American from 
their office. 

Filtration Plant. — This plant, owned and operated by the City, 
is in the borough of Aspinwall, on the Allegheny River. It is the 
largest sand filtration plant in the world and cost $8,500,000. It was 
put in operation December 18, 1907. It is composed of two settling 
basins, making fifty-six filter beds, and a filtered water reservoir, from 
which conduits extend across the river to the Brilliant Pumping 
Station. The plant is a slow sand system, the sand beds covering 
56 acres. The capacity is 200,000,000 gallons daily. The entire 
plant occupies 167 acres. It is reached by Routes 93, 94 and 95, via 
Butler street and the Sharpsburg Bridge. 

Fraternal Organizations — See Lodges. 

HUMANE SOCIETIES. 

The Animal Rescue League of Pittsburgh, Incorporated, was 
founded in 1909 and incorporated the following year, for the purpose 
of caring for the friendless, homeless and suffering dumb animal popu- 
lation of the City. The League handles about 6,000 small animals per 
annum. The League also has a contract with the City of Pittsburgh 
for the arrest of unlicensed dogs running at large on the city streets. 



\ow lo bee 

To do their work the League maintains a City Receiving Station at the 
corner of North Euclid avenue and Kirk wood street, East Liberty, and 
a Refuge Farm near Verona, about six miles from Pittsburgh,. The 
office of the Secretary is at No. 238 Fourth avenue. 

The Humane Society of Western Pennsylvania has its office at 
709 Forbes street, a few blocks beyond the Court House. On 
emergency cases, the Society provides an ambulance on day or night 
calls. The society was organized in 1874 and incorporated for the 
purpose of "prevention of cruelty to animals, children and aged 
persons." The society is maintained by appropriation from the State 
and with constant contributions from men and women of wealth of 
the community of Pittsburgh. 

INSTITUTIONS. 

The Western Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of 
the Deaf and Dumb is located at Edgewood, adjoining Wilkinsburg. It 
was established in 1876. It was built and is sustained by contributions 
of benevolent individuals and legislative appropriations and is designed 
to afford a common school education to the deaf children and youth in 
Western Pennsylvania. The present enrollment is 275, almost equally 
divided between the two sexes. Edgewood is a beautiful suburban 
borough on the main line of the Pennsylvania railroad, which main- 
tains a station there for suburban trains. The institution can be reached 
by trolley on Routes Nos. 64 and 65, from Fifth avenue and Smith- 
field street and Sixth avenue and Smithfield street. 




[THE WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION 
OF THE DEAF AND DUMB 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



237 




238 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

The Western Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, at Belle- 
field avenue and Bayard street, is a school for the education of the 
blind and defective sighted of Western Pennsylvania. It is free and 
non-sectarian. Pupils must be of school age, capable of an education 
and free from chronic infection. The school session is from September 
to June. Course of study is similar to that given in the public and high 
schools. Instruction is also given in vocal and instrumental music, 
industrial and household occupations, and in swimming, athletics and 
gymnastics. Careful attention is given to the comfort and welfare of 
each child. Visitors are welcomed, and application blanks for admission 
will be furnished at any time. The ground on which the school is built was 
presented by Mrs. Mary E. Schenley; and a large portion of the money 
for the erection of buildings was bequeathed by Miss Jane Holmes and 
Mr. John Porterfield. The property is held in trust for the blind by a 
Board of Corporators. The institution is reached by Routes 71 and 72 
to Bayard street. 

Chief among the institutions that will appeal to certain visitors 
is the St. Paul's Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum of Pittsburgh, which 
was founded in 1840. It was located on Tannehill street in Pittsburgh 
until fifteen years ago, when it was removed to I die wood, a suburb, 
where it owns thirty-five acres of land and buildings that cost $750,000.00 
It has cared for more than 18,000 children since its foundation, and at 
present has a population of more than 1200. It is supported entirely 
by charity, and is in charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The asylum is 
reached by suburban trains on the Pan Handle Division of the Pennsyl- 
vania Lines West to Idlewood station, and Route 27 to Idlewood. 

LIBRARIES. 

The Central Library of the Carnegie group is on Forbes street 
at Schenley Park and has been frequently referred to herein. It is 
best reached by Forbes street car lines to the entrance. These same 
lines take passengers to the Schenley Hotel and the ball grounds, 
known as Forbes Field. Route Nos. are 63 to 68 inclusive, 71, 72, 
73, 75, 79 and 80 on Forbes street. 

The North Side Library at Federal and Ohio streets, is a separ- 
ate institution and is officially known as "The Carnegie Free Library 
of Allegheny, Pa.," having become an asset of the City of Pittsburgh 
upon the annexation of Allegheny in 1907. The North Side Library 
is reached by Federal street cars, Routes Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 
18 and 19, and the Butler, Harmony and New Castle interurban cars 
to the same point. 

The eight branch libraries of the Carnegie group are as follows: 
East Liberty Branch, Station street and Larimer avenue; Hazel wood 
branch, 4748 Monongahela street; Homewood Branch, Hamilton and 
Lang avenues; Lawrenceville Branch, 279 Fisk street; Mt. Washington 
Branch, 315 Grandview avenue; South Side Branch, Carson and 
vSouth Twenty-second streets; West End Branch, Wabash and Neptune 
streets; Wylie Avenue Branch, Wylie avenue and Green street. The 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



239 




CARNEGIE FREE LIBRARY OF ALLEGHENY 
N. FEDERAL AND OHIO STREETS 

Wylie Avenue Branch is in the Hill district reached by Center avenue 
cars on Routes 82 and 83 to Green street. The South Side 
Branch by Carson street cars, Routes 50, 51 and 52 to South Twenty- 
Second street; the West End by Routes 27, 28, 29, 30 and 33 to 
Neptune street. The other libraries' locations are indicated in their 
district names and car routes reaching these districts are enumerated 
under the head "Pittsburgh Districts Located and Defined," which 
see. (Page 53.) These libraries are public and free to the people through 
the lavish outpouring of Mr. Carnegie's generosity. There are other 
libraries such as that of the Pittsburgh Lyceum in Washington place 
opposite Epiphanv R. C. Church; the library of the Historical Society 
of Western Pennsylvania, and the University and College libraries. 
Allegheny County maintains a Law Library in the front second floor 
room of the Court House which contains 40,000 volumes of a legal 
nature. A small circulating library of general works is open to mem- 
bers of the bar and law students. , 

Lodges: Fraternal Organizations. — The Masonic Halls have 
been mentioned as meeting places of the various Masonic bodies. The 



240 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

three orders, "Elks," "Moose" and "Eagles" have their own buildings; 
the Elks at Duquesne way and Sandusky street (Seventh) ; the Moose 
at 628 Penn avenue, and the Eagles at 431 Third avenue. The lodges 
of the other associations and fraternities meet in various buildings 
about town. The Wabash Station and the Century Building are the 
principal meeting places downtown. Parties interested in any parti- 
cular order or lodge will find meeting places in the city directory, in 
the front part of the book, under the head "Societies." 

Masonic. — On the North Side, the Masonic Hall at North 
avenue and Reddour street, is the meeting place of all the North Side 
Masonic bodies, except the German Lodge, meeting in its hall at 
Madison avenue and Park way, and the lodge at Pennsylvania and 
Beaver avenues, Manchester. East End bodies meet in the Hall on 
Collins avenue. There are lodges meeting on the South Side, at Sarah 
and Eighteenth streets (German), and on Carson and Twelfth streets; 
in Hazelwood, at 5254 Second avenue, at Elizabeth street; in Home- 
wood, at 7229 Kelly street; in the West End, at Wabash avenue and 
South Main street. There are lodges in the suburbs; Wilkinsburg, 
Braddock, Homestead, Sharpsburg, Bellevue, Avalon, Crafton, 
Carnegie, Coraopolis, Sewickley, Tarentum, Turtle Creek, Wilmer- 
ding and Verona. Information in regard to the various Masonic 
bodies can be had by calling up the Masonic Temple, at Fifth avenue, 
Lytton and Thackeray avenues, on Bell phone, Schenley 333. The 
Masonic Employment Association maintains an office in the Bank 
for Savings Building, Smithfield street and Fourth avenue. The 
Masonic Temple Club meets in the Temple at Fifth and Lytton avenues. 
The Masonic bodies in the city of McKeesport meet in the hall at 522 
Walnut street. The Scottish Rite in Pittsburgh and vicinity meets in 
the Fifth avenue Temple. 

Lost Property on Street Cars. — Articles left on trolley cars are 
turned in by the conductors to the general offices of the Pittsburgh 
Railways Company, 435 Sixth avenue, where information in this 
regard must be sought. The offices are in the Philadelphia Company 
Building. 

Pittsburgh Lyceum. — Among the educational institutions of the 
City, the Pittsburgh Lyceum is deserving of special mention. This is 
centrally located, well downtown and is especially an institution for 
progressive young men. It has its own thoroughly equipped building 
in Washington place at Foxhurst street, opposite Epiphany R. C. 
church. The Lyceum offers exceptional athletic, educational and 
social advantages, conducting a free night school, giving free monthly 
entertainments, maintains a gymnasium and swimming pool, has a 
billiard room, library, reading rooms, parlors and an auditorium. 
Wylie avenue cars to Washington place, Routes 82, 83, and 85, and 
Fifth avenue Routes 66, 75, 76, 79, 80, and 81. It is but a short walk, 
four blocks from the Pennsylvania Station, via Washington place, 
steps lead up to this street called "place" from the esplanade at lower 
left end. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 241 

Manufacturing Plants. — Visitors must not expect to enter these 
at pleasure. As a rule they are fenced in, with policemen at the gates, 
and no one admitted without permits. These are seldom given. 
There are many reasons for this course — chief among them, safety. 
There are times when visitors on some great occasion, through the 
arrangements of the Chamber of Commerce and under their auspices, 
tours of Pittsburgh's famous mills are made, but the ordinary visitor 
will find closed gates. However, he will want to know something of 
the most famous of these plants and where located, especially the 
Carnegie Steel Company's works and their subsidiary concerns. Chief 
among these are the Homestead Steel Works at Munhall; the Carrie 
Furnaces at Rankin; the Clairton Steel Works and Furnaces at Clairt on ; 
the Duquesne Steel Works and Furnaces at Duquesne; the Howard 
Axle Works at Homestead; the Isabella Furnaces at Etna; the Edith 
Furnaces in the Woods Run district ; the Lucy Furnaces on Fifty-first 
street; the Neville Furnaces on Neville Island; the great Edgar Thom- 
son Steel Works and Furnaces at Braddock (rather Bessemer); the 
Upper and Lower Union Iron Mills of the Carnegie Bros. Co. and Car- 
negie, Phipps & Co.; the former at Thirty-third street and the latter 
at Twenty-ninth street; the various other mills — Painter's, Clark's, 
McCutcheon's, etc., and the Schoen Steel Wheel Works. Then there 
are other plants of the U. S. Steel Corporation, the American Steel and 
Wire Company, the American Bridge Co., at Ambridge, etc. The 
great independent plants, such as the Jones and Laughlin's South 
Side works and Second avenue furnaces; the McConway-Torley Co.'s 
works; the Pressed Steel Car Company's, the Carbon Steel Co.'s, the 
Oliver Iron and Steel Co.'s. on the South Side, and the Republic Iron 
Works also on that side, and the Riter and Conley works at Leetsdale. 
Those having business with any of these concerns will know enough to 
apply at the respective offices, and there are circumstances under 
which customers and visitors of note are shown through such plants 
as mentioned, but the public never.' 

Then there are yet extensive plants within the city limits. The 
glass industry appeals. At South Ninth and Bingham streets are the 
general offices of the United States Glass Company, reached by cars 
on Routes 50 and 51 via Carson street to South Ninth street, and on 
Route 52 via Second avenue to South Tenth and Bingham streets. 
The United States Glass Company, a corporation, was established in 
1891. It now operates 12 factories, seven of these on the South Side, 
and reached by the same trolley routes as the general offices; three 
factories are located at Glassport, 16 miles south of Pittsburgh, on the 
Monongahela River, and reached by trains of the Monongahela and 
Youghiogheny Division of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad. 
One factory is located at Tiffin, Ohio, and one at Gas City, Indiana. 
The output of these works is table, bar and soda fountain glassware 
of all descriptions, cut glass lamps, show jars, tobacco jars, illuminating 
glassware, jelly glasses, and special articles. Visitors to the works are 
admitted by appointment, only on application to the general offices. 



242 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Masonic — See under Lodges — Fraternal Organizations. 

Monuments. — Those in the parks have received notice uhdei 
that head. At the corner of Federal and Ohio streets, North Side, is 
the magnificent bronze monument erected by Andrew Carnegie to the 
honor and in memory of Col. James Anderson, who opened the first 
public library in the City of Allegheny in 1850. When Mr. Carnegie 
was a poor, hardworking boy at paltry wages, he took advantage of 
Col. Anderson's generosity and obtained, by reading in his little 
library, the appreciation of books and libraries that has made his own 
munificence world famous. Col. Anderson was a pioneer in Pitts- 
burgh, the son of a Revolutionary soldier, himself a soldier of the war 
of 1812. The monument is at the corner of the Carnegie Free Library 
building. It shows a brawny blacksmith seated with a book in his lap, 
his breast bared and apron on, and his tools around him, taking advant- 
age of a lull in his work, to read a moment or two. The monument 
was dedicated June 15, 1904, and cost $30,000. It is reached by all 
Federal Street cars — Routes 6 to 10; 13 to 19. 

MUSIC. 

For those musically inclined mention of a few leading musical 
organizations and institutions are presented. 

The Pittsburgh Male Chorus was organized September 1, 1905. 
Its rehearsals are held every Tuesday evening, from September to April, 
inclusive, in the auditorium of the Central Young Men's Christian 
Association Building at Penn avenue and Sandusky street (Seventh). 
In order to secure this privilege the chorus makes all of its members 
active members of the Y. M. C. A. Two concerts are given each 
year for the Associate Members and friends of the organization, in 
Carnegie Music Hall, while an average of one concert a month, or a 
total of eight outside concerts are given each season. Mr. James 
Stephen Martin is the musical director. 

Apollo Club. — This club is located at 524 Penn avenue, in the 
midst of the new retail business district. The club was organized in 
1894. Its musical director is Rinehart Mayer. The club gives two 
concerts annually in Carnegie Music Hall and a concert and reception 
at the Hotel Schenley. Rehearsals are held at the club's rooms. 

The Mendelssohn Choir of Pittsburgh, Ernest Lunt, Conductor; 
100 members, choir of mixed voices; gives concerts with orchestra; 
three concerts per year at Carnegie Music Hall; one of the concerts 
is devoted entirely to oratorio, and the other two with orchestra, such 
as Walter Damrosch, etc., or assisting soloists, instrumental or vocal. 
Rehearsals are held in Carnegie Music Hall Monday evenings ; season 
opens in September and closes in May. 

Mozart Club. — This is one of Pittsburgh's popular musical 
organizations, organized in 1878, and incorporated in 1886, and still 
under the lead of Mr. J. P. McCollum, conductor. It is the practice 
of the club to give three or four concerts each year, which are oratorical 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 243 

in character, and include an annual presentation of the Messiah, with 
noted soloists from other cities. The headquarters of the [club are 
404 Hostetter Building, located at 237 Fourth avenue, where rehearsals 
are held on Monday nights. The Secretary, Mr. W. R. Berger, will 
give further information on request. 

The Pratt Institute of Music and Art is at 414 Sixth avenue, 
and is under the direction of the founder, Silas G. Pratt; a branch is 
at 1543 Shady avenue, in the Squirrel Hill district. The Institute is 
devoted chiefly to piano study (harmony being applied), violin and 
voice. Teachers certificates and diplomas are awarded. 

The Pittsburgh Conservatory of Music is centrally located at 
128 Dithridge street near the Carnegie Library and Museum. The 
Conservatory was founded and began its sessions in 1894 and has since 
been conducted by the Director, Beveridge Webster. The Conserva- 
tory, in the well appointed building exclusively _ devoted to music, has 
become widely known in Western Pennsylvania. The Conservatory 
contains a beautiful recital and concert hall seating about five hundred, 
in which many of the smaller concerts of the highest class are given. All 
Conservatory public recitals are given in this hall, for which there is 
no charge for admission, and to which all interested persons are invited. 

Natatoriums — See Swimming Pools. 

The Post Office, Stations and Branches. — The name of the post 
office is officially "Pittsburgh", spelled with the final "h." The 
general post office is in the United States Government building on 
Smithfield street between Third and Fourth avenues. There are 
two branches and nineteen substations as follows: Arsenal Station, 
Fisk and Butler streets; Bellevue Branch, No. 11 Meade avenue; 
Carson Station, South Twelfth and Carson streets; Crafton Station, 
Noble avenue, Crafton; East Liberty Station, 6208 Penn avenue; 
Ewalt Station, 904 East Ohio street; Hazelwood Station, 4811 Second 
avenue; Home wood Station, Home wood and Hamilton avenues; 
Kilbuck Station, Beaver and Greenwood streets; Millvale Branch, 
Sheridan street; Mt. Oliver Station, Southern and Amanda avenues; 
Mt. Washington Station, 41 Shiloh street; North Diamond Station, 
Ohio and West Diamond streets; Oakland Station, 3618 Forbes street; 
Observatory Station, 2519 Perrysville avenue; Sharpsburg Station, 
1021 North Canal street; Sheridanville Station, Hillsboro and Blount, 
avenues; Swissvale Station, 2013 Noble avenue; Uptown Station, 
816 Fifth avenue; Wabash Station, 216 South Main street; Wilkins- 
burg Station, Penn avenue and Hay street. 

Each of these substations have Bell telephone connections. 
North Diamond Station is the office for the main business district of 
the North Side; Carson for the South Side; Arsenal for the Lawrence- 
ville district; Uptown is on Fifth avenue beyond the Court House; 
Kilbuck, Ewalt and Observatory Stations are on the North Side. 
Bellevue, Crafton, Millvale, Mt. Oliver, Sharpsburg, Swissvale and 



244 



Pittsburgh, Hon' To Sec It 



Wilkinsburg are boroughs without the the city limits, but branches 
or stations of the Pittsburgh post office. Wabash is the station in 
the West End. The designations of the other districts will locate 
the office, Oakland, Mt. Washington, etc. With the annexation of 
Allegheny in 1907, the post office name Allegheny was changed to North 
Diamond and made a station of the Pittsburgh post office. 




U. S. GOVERNMENT BUILDING (P. O.) 
SMITHFIELD STREET, THIRD TO FOURTH AVENUES 

Public Comfort Stations. — Stations for such purposes will be 
found in front of the Government Building (the general Post Office), 
on Smithheld street between Third and Fourth avenues; at Fifth and 
Liberty avenues, separate stations for men and women and under the 
sidewalks; also on the Sixth or Federal street bridge — the station for 
women at the South or Duquesne way end and for men at the North 
end. There is also a station for men on Oliver avenue below Smith- 
field street, in the rear of Municipal Hall. On the North Side in the 
Municipal or Allegheny City Hall, at Ohio and Federal streets, there 
are such stations for both sexes. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 245 

In East Liberty these stations will be found at Penn and Franks- 
town avenues. Also in the Court House, men's in the basement at the 
entrance opposite Wylie avenue and in the front of the basement; 
women's in the women's waiting rooms on the second floor. Similar 
stations will be found in the railway passenger stations. 

Reading Rooms. — There are reading rooms in the Central 
Carnegie Library, the North Side Library and all the branch libraries, 
and reference rooms in the larger Libraries. For hours see under 
"Libraries." There are also reading rooms in the Y. M. C. A. and 
Y. W. C. A. buildings and branches, in the Pittsburgh Lyceum, and in 
the various lyceums of the churches 

Reservoirs. — The largest of these and the most likely to be 
visited are those in Highland Park, where the water is pumped from 
the Brilliant Pumping Station, at Negley Run on the Allegheny River. 
From Center avenue and Bellefield avenue, water is pumped from the 
station there to the reserVoir on Herron Hill, from which the reservoir 
in Central Park is filled by gravity. On the North Side the new 
reservoir on Cabbage Hill is sufficient for all that section. The High- 
land Park reservoirs are sufficient to afford visitors evidence of the 
magnitude of Pittsburgh's water system. 

Riding Academies. — The Schenley Riding Academy is located 
at 4730 Bayard street, near Neville street, in the Shadyside district, 
convenient to Schenley Park. Here is conducted a most excellent 
Riding School, completely equipped, and devoted to the purpose of 
equitation. The school has a large enclosed arena 85' x 125'. At 
this school ladies, gentlemen, and little children may be found enjoying 
the healthful pastime of riding at all hours of the day, mounted on 
perfectly equipped and thoroughly trained horses. Beginners may 
receive their first lessons either in classes or privately. The English 
saddle is used exclusively. Horses can be hired by the hour, and a 
ride through the romantic winding bridle paths of Schenley Park may 
be indulged in, and it is recommended to visitors who love the horse. 
The Academy is reached by Routes Nos. 71 and 72, to Bayard street, 
and 75 and 76, to Neville street. 

SETTLEMENT HOUSES. 

The Kingsley House Association is an incorporated organization 
existing under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, to improve the 
ethical, social, and economic conditions in the City of Pittsburgh and 
vicinity; and to provide the means of social- intercourse, mutual help- 
fulness, physical, mental and moral improvement, and rational and 
healthful recreation. 

It is supported entirely by voluntary contributions, and does 
not receive aid from the public funds of the State or City. It pub- 
lishes annually a report of the work of the year, also monthly a small 
magazine, "The Kingsley House Record." Pamphlets, directones etc., 
are also issued from time to time. 



246 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



The activities carried on by the Kingsley Association are a 
social settlement, Kingsley House; a fresh air farm, Lillian Home; and 
a Convalescent Home, Lillian Rest, for convalescents. 

Kingsley House, social settlement, or neighborhood house, Bed- 
ford avenue and Fullerton street, on the "Hill;" gymnasium, edu- 
cational classes, manual training departments, arts and crafts, social 
groups, etc. ; dispensary and nurse, city milk station. 

Lillian Home, fresh air farm, Valencia, Pa. An estate of 90 
acres, with adequate buildings, swimming pool, playground, gardens, 
woods, walks, drives, etc., all developed to a high state of efficiency. 

Lillian Rest, for convalescents, Valencia, Pa. A large building, 
recently completed, dedicated and opened, will care for convalescent 
mothers and children. 

The Lillian Rest was opened and dedicated May 8, 1915; it has 
been constructed along modern convalescent hospital lines; has the 
appearance of a resort hotel, and is thoroughly equipped as a hospital. 

The Kingsley House on Fullerton street, is the headquarters as 
a social settlement, whose activities continue from October to May, 
along the lines common to such institutions; "citizen making" briefly 
and best expresses one of the chief aims and purposes of Kingsley 
House. The admirable work that Kingsley House is doing will natur- 
ally attract visitors, and these are advised to call at the House, which 
can be reached on Route No. 85, to Bedford avenue and Fullerton 
street. 




THE SARAH HEINZ SETTLEMENT HOUSE 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 247 

The Sarah Heinz Settlement House at the corner of Heinz 
and Ohio streets, North Side, was erected in 1914 by H. J. 
Heinz as a memorial to his beloved wife, Sarah Young Heinz. The 
settlement work in this connection was begun in 1901 by Howard 
Heinz, a son of the founder. It started as a local boys' club in a small 
building on Progress street nearby ; the first quarters consisted of three 
rooms and a bath room on the first floor of a tenement; boys came in in- 
creasing numbers and soon the entire house was occupied, and given the 
name " Covode House. " Two years later, the girls of the neighborhood 
were organized into two groups ; the younger into a sewing school, and 
the older into an evening club. The building becoming too small, 
another small" building was secured as well as a natatorium and gym- 
nasium. In 1914 the present building with its increased facilities was 
erected and formally opened June 6, 1915, and has made possible the 
large work now carried on by the Settlement. The present enroll- 
ment is about 400, equally divided between boys and girls. The Settle- 
ment contains a swimming pool, billiard room, and game rooms. There 
are fees exacted in the Boys' Department, payable semi-annually, rang- 
ing from 10 cents for boys under twelve to $1.50 for boys over eighteen. 

A variety of activities are included, and those of the physical 
kind include gymnastic classes, recreative games, athletic competition, 
basket ball, swimming meets ; and a training school for leaders and 
officers. The Girls' Department activities are largely along the lines 
of home making. There is a Saturday sewing school for young girls 
under fourteen, with ten classes graded according to ability. These 
girls have the use of the swimming pool and the gymnasium one after- 
noon each week. The older girls are organized into five groups, and 
members of all groups are eligible to the classes in dress making, house- 
keeping, cooking and dancing. The older girls pay a membership 
fee of Il.OO in two installments. A small fee is charged in addition 
to cover the cost of food supplies in cooking lessons. There are recep- 
tion and club rooms on the second floor for the exclusive use of girls, 
and a large kitchen on the third floor ; there is a three-room apartment 
also for occasional use in the demonstration of the various housekeeping 
activities. The larger girls have the use of the gymnasium and swim- 
ming pool one evening each week. Recreation is afforded by games, 
books and magazines; a victrola also contributes greatly to the enjoy- 
ment. In the sense of doctrinal teaching, there is no distinctive 
religious training. The attitude of the Sarah Heinz House is that 
of co-operation with all other agencies that work to the betterment of 
the people of the neighborhood. The afternoon Sunday program is a 
delightfully informal affair where helpful talks are given by leading 
citizens on interesting subjects, with a musical program attached. 
Another helpful feature is the course of extension lectures given by the 
Carnegie Institute. The City Health Department operates a perma- 
nent milk station in the building with attendant physicians and nurses 
who distribute the milk and give instruction as to the care and feeding 
of infants to the mothers of the neighborhood. The Magee Maternity 



248 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 



WWWWWWWWWWWliUHHiiii 



m^|i§tfitiitiiiffWfjif//w- 



m 



Hospital has headquarters in the building in which they conduct a 
maternity dispensary. 

There is summer work conducted on the roof garden, which is 
also adapted for the playing of basket ball. The Y. M. C. A. and the 
Y. W. C. A. co-operate in the work of the House, and through these. 
many of the older boys and girls are able to enjoy camping experiences. 
In brief the work of the Sarah Heinz House can be summarized in six 
lines; To provide wholesome social and recreational opportunites; 
to utilize leisure time and energy; to study individual requirements and 
awaken and direct latent ability; to develop Christian character and 
train for efficient citizenship the young people of the community; to 
draw together neighborhood residents and friends for mutual help- 
fulness: to train for service in the community. The Settlement is 
reached by the same trolley lines as the Heinz Main Plant close by — • 
Routes 1, 2, 3 and 4. 

The Irene Kauf- 
mann Settlement — 
This settlement, 
known as the 
Columbian School 
and Settlement 
from 1895 to 1910, 
is located at 1835 
Center avenue. It 
was established by 
the Council of 
Jewish Women for 
moral, educational, 
and religious train- 
ing. "The special 
purposes of the 
Settlement is the 
advancement of the 
civic, intellectual 
and social welfare 
of the surrounding 
community. It 
aims to do this 
(1) by guiding 
the foreign-born 
to American 
conditions, (2) en- 
couraging self - 
improvement, (3) 
stimulating healthy 
pleasures, (4) 

broadening civic interests, (5) creating ideals of conduct. The place is a 
home in the life of its residents, an institution in the service of its friends, 



m' 







THE IRENE KAUFMANN SETTLEMENT 



Pittsburgh, Hoiv To See It 



249 



a school in the work of its teachers, a club house in the social uses of its 
neighbors a civic organization in the interests of the community, a 
Settlement in the choice of its location." At the geographical center 
of the City's most populous district, this Settlement stands, its doors 
wide open— its hands of ministration stretching out m service to all 
who need its aid. The sick and the unfortunate know its care, and the 
troubled come to it for comfort and advice. It co-operates with the 
Tewish Federated Philanthropies, the Municipal Safety and Health 
Departments, the Labor Bureau of the Council of Jewish Women, the 
Public Schools, the Associated Chanties, the Juvenile Court, the 
Housing Commission, and the Emma Farm. The work within the 
House is extensive and multiform. In the gymnasium boys and girls 
are taught the gospel of health through exercise, and have found an 
outlet for youthful spirit in basket-ball, and other sports, to say nothing 
of activities on field and track outdoors. 

The Settlement houses under its roof seventeen outside organi- 
zations, including various trade unions and socialist groups. It main- 
tains a public bath and public laundry, and a summer camp It has 
a resident staff of seven. One hundred and seventy volunteers give 
one or more hours each week to some form of social service in the dis- 
trict The property of the Irene Kaufmann Settlement covers an area 
of 200 feet by 60 feet. The magnificent settlement building was erected 
in 1910 It is of steel frame construction with yellow brick and rive 
stories high. There are 67 rooms in the main building and a gym- 
nasium and public bath in the rear, which building is known as the 
Peacock Public Bath. The settlement building was dedicated March 
99 1911 It is a monument to the memory of Irene Kaufmann, 
daughter' of Mr. Henry Kaufmann, a prominent merchant of Pitts- 
burgh. Miss Kaufmann died in 1907. Visitors. are admitted at any 
hour during the day and evening; the building is reached by Center 
avenue cars to Green street, Routes 82 and 83. 
avenue ffistorical Society of Western Pennsylvania-Next to 

the Twentieth Century Club House is the neat and attractive 
building of the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania The 
first attempt to organize a Historical Society in Pittsburgh was 
made in 1834 In 1841, 1857 and 1867 short-lived _ similar organi- 
sations were formed. About 1880, the Historical Society of Western 
Pennsvlvania was organized. In May, 1909, it was thoroughly 
reorgaS by men who had in September 1908, f^f^™^ 
ducted the sesoui-centennial celebration of the taking of Fort Duquesne 
and the erection of Fort Pitt. Immediately thereafter it began a new 
and vigorous career which resulted in increasing its meinbership .from 
about forty to seven hundred. It purchased a lot of ground at Grant 
and Parkman boulevards, Pittsburgh, for fourteen thousand dollar, 
and erecte" a there°on a beautiful building costing twenty-seven thousand 
dollars Since the opening of the building, February 17, 1914, the bociety 

documents and a number of valuable historical pictures and relics. 



250 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

The Society successfully managed the Western Steamboat 
Centennial celebration in 1911 and Allegheny County's 125th Anni- 
versary celebration in September, 1913. 

It has also a committee to celebrate the centennial of the incor- 
poration of the City of Pittsburgh in 1916. Its regular meetings are 
held on the last Tuesday evening of every month, except July and 
August. Lectures are given at these meetings and papers are read 
by historians of local and national reputation, and occasionally stere- 
opticon views accompany the lecture, showing geographical, ethno- 
logical, zoological and botanical features. The building is open to 
visitors at these meetings, and the public is invited. The building 
is reached by Fifth avenue Routes 75, and 76 to Grant boulevard. 

Pittsburgh Union Stock Yards. — These are situated on Herrs 
Island, and take care of the live stock industry of Greater Pittsburgh 
and rank as one of the large yards of the country. The present yards 
were established in 1903 when the East Liberty Stock Yards and several 
smaller North Side yards were consolidated at the present location 
where direct railroad connections could be secured with all east and 
west bound trunk lines. 

The yards cover an area of thirty acres and are completely 
roofed and paved with brick. Capacity is sufficient to house 5,000 
head of cattle, 20,000 head of hogs, 20,000 head of sheep and lambs 
and 1,000 horses. There are thirty unloading chutes and twenty-five 
outbound loading chutes, a quarantine division for stock under restric- 
tions and there has been recently completed a new concrete and steel 
horse barn with a capacity of 500 head and there is now under construc- 
tion a double decked concrete and steel section of" the yard for the 
sheep and lamb division that will soon be ready (March, 1916) and will 
double the capacity and materially add to the space for other stock. 

The average year's receipts of stock for sale on this market 
amounts to 100,000 cattle, 1,000,000 hogs, 45,000 sheep and lambs, 
60,000 calves of an estimated valuation of $35,000,000 and last year, 
owing to the large movement of horses for the warring nations of 
Europe, 50,000 horses. In addition to this amount of stock received 
here for sale, there is a heavy movement of live stock that is unloaded, 
fed, watered and rested on its way to eastern and other points, last 
year's movement of through stock was about 35,000 car loads of stock 
of all kinds, not including horses. 

The commission business of the yards is in the hands of a number 
of firms, housed in the Live Stock Exchange building, adjacent to the 
yards where the representatives of the Pennsylvania Live Stock Sanitary 
Board and the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture also have headquarters. The Exchange building 
is also the home of the Pittsburgh Live Stock Journal, a daily published 
in the interest of the live stock industry; offices of the Pennsylvania and 
Baltimore and Ohio railroads and telegraph companies and the office of 
James S. McFadyen, General Manager of the Pittsburgh Union Stock 
Yards. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 251 

Visitors are welcome at the Yards and will find it an interesting 
experience, especially on Monday when the heaviest run of stock is 
received and sold. Yards are reached by Routes 2 and 3 on the North 
Side and as per directions to the Island on page 57. 

Swimming Pools and Natatoriums. — The swimming facilities in 
Pittsburgh are provided for largely by out-door pools for summer use 
and bathing places along the various rivers under the direction of the 
Department of Public Safety, with policemen in attendance as teachers 
and life guards. In some of the large institutions such as the Blind 
Asylum, Public School Buildings recently erected, the Y. W. C. A., 
the Y. M. C. A. and the large settlement houses, there are swimming 
facilities which are largely patronized. There is also the Pittsburgh 
Natatorium, on Duquesne way below Federal street, which is open 
all the year round to both sexes. 

The Board of Public Education of Pittsburgh operates six 
school pools, where pupils of both sexes are taught to swim during 
school hours. These pools are used by adults at night. These pools 
are open for inspection of visitors during school hours. Swimming 
teachers are provided also by the Board as part of the City's educational 
system. The school pools are as follows: On the North Side, the 
Manchester Pool in the Manchester School at Chateau street and 
Columbus avenue; the Irwin Avenue Pool in the Columbus School at 
1800 Irwin avenue; the McNaugher Pool, in the McNaugher School 
at Linwood and Perrysville avenues. 

In the old or Peninsular section : The Forbes Pool in the Forbes 
School at Forbes and Stevenson streets; the Washington Pool, in the 
Washington School on Fortieth street, below Butler street. The 
Colfax Pool, in the Colfax School, Beechwood boulevard and Philips 
avenue. There are also swimming pools in the new public school 
buildings that are ready for occupancy, such as the Watt School, 
Jas. E. Rogers School and Wm. H. McKelvy School. 

One church provides a swimming pool in its structure, the 
First Presbyterian Church on Union Avenue, North Side. The Y. W ; 
C. A's. pool is in their main building at 59 Chatham street and is for 
women only. 

The Y. M. C. A. have pools in two buildings, one in their Lawrenceville 
Building at Forty-sixth and Butler streets, and one in their Hilltop 
Building at Virginia avenue and Zara street, Knoxville, and in East 
Liberty. 

The various Settlement Houses which provide swimming pools 
are: The Sarah Heinz House, which adjoins the H. J. Heinz factories 
at East Ohio and Heinz streets, which operates two pools. The 
Woods Run Settlement House, on Petrel street in the North Side 
district, operates one pool; the magnificent Irene Kaufmann House, at 
1835 Center avenue, provides ample swimming facilities for the Hill 
district, and the Soho Bath Houses, at 2404 Fifth avenue, Soho, afford 
equal facilities for the Soho district. On the South Side, the Oliver 
Memorial Swimming Pool is on South Thirteenth street. 



252 Pittsburgh: How To See It 

Some of the Playground Parks have their own pools which 
are operated in the summer only, as follows: The Lawrence Park, at 
Forty-sixth and Butler streets; Ormsby Park, on South Twenty-second 
street, South Side, near the bridge; Brushton Park, Brushton avenue. 
These three pools are under Municipal control. 

The river bathing spots, in the summer season, numbering 
twenty, are equally distributed along the three rivers. At Lake Eliza- 
beth in West Park, on the North Side, Tuesdays, Thursdays and 
Fridays, from 1 to 3 P. M. are set aside for boys. The record attendance 
in one day at this pool is 1,600 boys. The Vacation Schools and 
Playground Association of Allegheny provide a swimming school for 
girls on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, during July and August, 
from 1 to 3 P. M. Many private clubs have well equipped pools, notably 
the Pittsburgh Athletic Association, in their fine building at Fifth 
avenue and the Grant boulevard; the University Club at their club- 
house adjoining the Pittsburgh Athletic Association on the Grant 
boulevard; and the Jos. S. Trees Pool at the University of Pittsburgh. 

The Pittsburgh Natatorium. — The Pittsburgh Natatorium on 
Duquesne way, is one of the finest of its kind, and was erected by Mr. 
Henry Phipps, a native of Pittsburgh, and a boyhood friend and 
business associate of Andrew Carnegie. This building was erected 
for the special purposes of the Natatorium and as a bathing establish- 
ment. Its architectural features are modern and may also be described 
as magnificent. A grand staircase leads to the balcony which overlooks 
the great swimming pool with its arches and domes of selected Italian 
marble and tinted tile. The swimming pool is 90 feet long and 30 feet 
wide and is from four to eight feet deep. It holds 135,000 gallons of 
water. This Natatorium contains every convenience for comfort. 
The water for pool purposes is supplied by artesian wells on the premises. 
The attendants are adequate in number for their purposes. There is a 
smaller pool in the Turkish bath department. The department 
occupies the second and third floors and is luxuriously furnished. It 
contains a cooling room, hot and steam room, shampooing room built 
of white marble, and all are thoroughly equipped. There is a large 
dormitory containing 100 single beds and many private single rooms. 
Thursday of each week, the entire Turkish department and swimming 
pool is reserved for women with women attendants of technical training 
and experience. The Natatorium building is of stone, and one of 
Pittsburgh's institutions of a semi-public nature, well patronized and 
visitors are admitted. There is no charge for admission. A fee is 
charged for swimming and there are other charges as may be incurred. 
Tablets. — There are several memorial tablets on Pittsburgh 
buildings in addition to those at Bouquet's Blockhouse at the Point. 
One on the Court House, at Fifth avenue and Grant street, commemor- 
ates the disastrous defeat of Major Grant and the Highlanders by the 
French Sept. 14, 1758. Another, on the Western National Bank, at 
Penn avenue and Anderson street (Ninth), marks the site of Fort 
Fayette in 1792. One on the Oliver avenue wall of Trinity Church 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 253 

yard, enumerates the soldiers of the Revolution who were interred 
there, some graves yet remaining. A tablet at Penn avenue and 
Putnam street, in the Homewood district, is on the line of Gen. Forbes 
march to capture Fort Duquesne in 1758. The Blockhouse, Court- 
house and Revolutionary Soldiers tablets were erected by the Pitts- 
burgh Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. The Fort 
Fayette tablet by the Women's Historical Society of Pennsylvania 

Telegraph Offices. — The main offices of the Western Union 
Company are in their building at 249 Fifth avenue, just below Wood 
street. The Postal Company's main office is in the Keenan Building, 
at Liberty avenue and Sandusky street (Seventh). There are offices 
in most of the large hotels, one or both companies, and in some of the 
large buildings, such as the Frick, and in all the railroad stations and 
in various local offices about town, and in the suburban towns. 

Taxicabs. — Taxicab service in Pittsburgh is afforded by 
several companies, notably the Pittsburgh, and the Pullman Taxicab 
Companies. The general offices and garage of the former are at 
South Negley avenue, and the latter at No. 200 South Highland 
avenue; then there are the Excelsior Company at 1129 Liberty 
avenue, opposite the Pennsylvania Station; the Packard, at 327 
Atwood street, Oakland, and several companies in Wilkinsburg ; all 
these may be found listed in the classified telephone directory in the- 
telephone books easily accessible in all public booths; and under 
the alphabetical list of phones under each company, will be found 
the list of stations of each company and phone numbers of these 
stations. In brief, taxi stations will be found at all the railroad 
stations and department stores; also hotels, clubs, and theaters, 
and in the Frick and Henry W. Oliver Buildings. 

Tunnels. — But two tunnels are in use in Pittsburgh, both by 
the Pittsburgh Railways Company. These are the Mt. Washington 
tunnel from the south, end of Smithfield street and the Corliss street 
tunnel in the West End. The latter is used by Routes 31, 32 and 34 
from Liberty avenue and Stanwix street. The Mt. Washington 
tunnel is three-quarters of a mile long with a grade of 5 per cent. It is 
lighted with mazda electric lamps and traversed by all South Hills 
trolley lines crossing the Smithfield street bridge, Routes 37 to 49 inclus- 
ive. Allegheny County is boring a vehicle tunnel through Mt. Wash- 
ington from Carson street at Brownsville avenue to the foot of West 
Liberty avenue. Work is going on although a suit to restrain the 
prosecution of this work is now in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 
to be decided soon. This is a much desired improvement. 

WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES 

The Women's Industrial Exchange is on Oliver avenue, above 
Liberty avenue, adjoining the Meyer- Jonasson store. The various 
industries conducted here will appeal to women visitors, and the 
luncheon feature, especially, recommends itself. 



254 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

The Catholic Women's League of the Diocese of Pittsburgh has 
its headquarters in Room 506 Schmidt Building, 339 Fifth avenue. 
There is an official secretary in charge from 8:30 A. M. until 5:30 P. M. 
daily. This association has a wide field of work. > The main object is 
to unite all Catholic women, either as representing organized bodies 
or as individual members into one grand federation or union to aid in 
religious, educational, and charitable work, assist the orphans, relieve 
the poor, provide homes for friendless Catholic children, and engage 
in any other work of zeal or public charity. The secretary's duties 
involve the directing of strangers who apply at the office to respectable 
boarding houses, or homes; and if they are without funds to secure 
shelter for them in some one of the charitable institutions approved by 
the church ; also the obtaining of employment for women and girls with 
reputable firms or families; there is also a capable field worker whose 
time is given to the care of unprotected young girls or women who come 
to the city seeking employment, obtaining respectable boarding 
houses or homes for them; assisting them in obtaining employment, 
and keeping a friendly supervision over them afterwards. 

The Pittsburgh Teachers' Association has its headquarters in 
Room 103, Bessemer Building, at Federal street (Sixth street) and 
Duquesne way. This association was organized in April, 1904, and 
now numbers about 1,100 members. Its aim is to advance the public 
schools by improving conditions for teachers and pupils; to develop 
public sentiment regarding the dignity of the teacher's profession. The 
association publishes a monthly, "The School Bulletin," detailing 
matters of pedagogical interest. The association encourages socia- 
bility among its members; arranges and manages lecture courses, 
and disburses sick benefits. 

Twentieth Century Club. — At the northeast corner of Grant and 
Parkman boulevards is the handsome building of the Twentieth 
Century Club. This club was organized in 1894, and the building it 
occupies at the present time was formally opened in the fall of 1911. 
The building is 60 x 70 x 60 feet. It has six club rooms on the first 
floor, the second floor is entirely occupied by an auditorium, seating 
450; on the third floor is a large dining room, kitchen and house- 
keeper's suite, and on the fourth are the servants quarters. The club 
has committees on Lecture, Hospitality, House, Music, Dramatic, 
Home Economics, Legislative, Whist and Debate. The Lecture com- 
mittee arranges for one morning lecture each week, and one Thursday 
afternoon each month is in charge of the Music, Dramatic, Home 
Economics and Debate Committees respectively. 

New Era Club: — One of the most progressive of the Women's 
Clubs of Pittsburgh is that known as " The New Era Club of Western 
Pennsylvania," which holds its meetings in McCreery's Department 
Store, on Wood street, on the second and fourth "Wednesdays of 
each month from October to May. This Club has a membership of 
250. The_ object of the Club is literary, philosophic, civic, and educa- 
tional. Visitors are always welcome at their meetings. 



Pittsburgh, How To See It 255 

Business Women's Club of Allegheny. — This Club was organized 
in April, 1886, and originally called the "Helping Hand Society." 
Evening classes have been maintained since its organization, and a 
noon-dajr luncheon served at a nominal price. The object of the club 
is to promote the welfare of women, more particularly those dependent 
on their own efforts for support, by cultivating a spirit of fellowship 
and co-operation on the basis of moral and religious standards without 
sectarian distinction. The club has a commodious and attractive 
house at 515 Arch street, North Side. Luncheon hours are from 
11 A. M. to 2 P. M., during which time the Rest Rooms are open 
and are well patronized. A supply of good reading matter is kept 
on. hand. Guests are privileged to bring their own lunches, provided 
they send in one order. Many avail themselves of this privilege. 
The Club House is one block east of Federal and one block below Ohio 
street. Western avenue cars on Routes 18 and 19 to Arch street, are 
available to reach the Club House. 

The Council of Jewish Women. — Greater Pittsburgh Section, 
is a religious, educational, philanthropic and civic organization, which 
has its own headquarters, located at 707 Forbes street, prac- 
tically in the heart of the City with easy access to all civic interests. 
The enrollment is nearly 1,000 women representing all walks of life. 
The committees are made up of the following activities: Education, 
philanthropy and religion. The council is affiliated with sixteen civic 
organizations, local, state and national. The council is national in its 
scope, having sixty-nine sections. The national headquarters are at 
216 East Broadway, New York City. The council was organized in 
Chicago in 1893. The Pittsburgh branch is but a few minutes walk 
from the Court House. 

Y. W. C. A. and Branches. — The elegant six story building at 
59 Chatham street houses the Central Young Women's Christian 
Association of Pittsburgh. Directions as to locality have been given 
under the head "How to Reach Hotels from Depots, Etc.," which see. 
To secure a room at the Central Building, send a deposit of $1.00, 
make checks payable to Central Y. W. C. A., to 59 Chatham street, 
stating time of arrival and possible length of stay. Refund will be 
given if transient stays but one night. Charges for single room are 
50 cents per night; double room SI. 00 per night. Board is a la carte. 
Baggage may be checked free of charge for a limited amount of time. 

Attention is directed to the rules in force, viz.: 1. Rooms must 
be vacated by 12:00 noon on day of departure. 2. Notice must be 
given by 9:00 A. M. if room is desired for a longer time than already 
engaged. 3. No trunk can be delivered or taken away on Sabbath. 
The office of the General Secretary is at the Central Building. The 
Duquesne way annex is at 424 Duquesne way, or on the Allegheny 
wharf between Fancourt and Stanwix streets. Directions have been 
given to reach this building; see under "To Reach Y. W. C. A, 
Central Building." 



256 Pittsburgh, How To See It 

Lawrence ville Branch. — This is located at 231 Fortieth street, 
between Butler street and Penn avenue. The Boarding Home has 
accommodations for rooming sixteen girls. Twenty can be seated at 
the table, which is patronized largely by young women of the neigh- 
borhood. Transient guests are accommodated if possible. The 
features of this branch are evident in a daily program which provides a 
Bible Class, and Sewing Class on Monday; other clubs and Bible 
Class on Tuesday; Children's Club, Bible Class, sewing and games on 
Wednesday; a club meeting for young girls on Thursday; the Gym- 
nasium Class and Girl's Club on Friday. The Club's entertainment- 
Bible Classes are well attended. Girls are cared for free of charge, and 
helped to obtain positions when necessary. This branch is reached by 
Butler street cars to Fortieth street, Routes 93, 94, 95 and 96, 
and Penn avenue cars on Routes 88, 91, and 92; and 72 and 79 from 
East Liberty, stopping at Fortieth street. 

The Hill Top Branch is at 247 Charles street, Knoxville. Knox- 
ville cars Routes 44 and 47 are preferable to reach the building. 

East Liberty Branch. — The Young Women's Christian Associ- 
ation in the East End is at 219 Collins avenue, near the East Liberty 
Station. It has a public dining room, accommodates 24 permanent 
roomers and eight transients at one time. It has a rest room, library 
and parlors open to all women. Classes in Bible, domestic art, and a 
glee club 'and dramatic club with other clubs and classes; lectures, 
musicales and various entertainments are conducted in this building. 
Reached by cars on Routes 75, 88 and 91 to Penn and Collins 
avenues; also by Route 79 coming west from Shady avenue. 
From the East Liberty Station of the Pennsylvania Railroad, it is a 
short walk to the building. 

There is a Y. W. C. A. branch also in the People's Bank Building, 
in McKeesport. 




PITTSBURGH IN 1817 



